Introduction to Sociology
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Sociology provides students with a foundational understanding of the systematic study of society, social institutions, and social relationships. The course explores major sociological theories, research methods, and key concepts such as culture, socialization, inequality, groups, and organizations. Students examine how factors like class, race, gender, and global processes shape human behavior and social structures. Through discussions, readings, and practical examples, this course equips learners with analytical tools to better understand social dynamics and their own roles within society.
Recommended Textbook
Majority Minority Relations Census Update 6th Edition by John E. Farley
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16 Chapters
686 Verified Questions
686 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Orientation: Basic Terms and Concepts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your textbook states that the concept of race has two components: social and physical.Explain what this means.
Answer: The concept of race having two components, social and physical, means that it is not only based on physical characteristics such as skin color and facial features, but also on the social and cultural aspects that are associated with it. The physical component refers to the biological and genetic traits that are often used to categorize people into different racial groups. On the other hand, the social component refers to the social and cultural meanings and stereotypes that are attached to these physical differences. This includes things like societal attitudes, historical contexts, and power dynamics that shape the way different racial groups are perceived and treated. Overall, the concept of race is a complex and multifaceted one that goes beyond just physical appearance and encompasses social and cultural elements as well.
Q2) Prejudice refers to behavior that tends to favor one racial or ethnic group over another.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Prejudice: Its Forms and Causes
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Adorno and associates why are some people prejudiced?
A) People learn prejudice from others and adopt those prejudices largely out of the need to conform to group pressure.
B) People are prejudiced based on their position in the social structure
C) People who are prejudiced are mentally ill
D) Prejudice meets certain personality needs
Answer: D
Q2) Why are positive stereotypes a mixed blessing to groups to which they are applied?
A) They encourage members of the group to be themselves
B) They justify more negative stereotypes
C) They lead to development in minority communities
D) They free minorities from stereotypical expectations
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following is a characteristic of a stereotype?
A) It refers to exaggerated beliefs
B) It is associated with a variety of people
C) It is always negative or derogatory
D) It allows for the wide variation in cultural traits that occurs in any group
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Reducing Prejudice: How Achievable? How
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Sample Questions
Q1) Under the right conditions,contact can be an important force for reducing prejudice.Which of the following is one important condition that must be met in order for contact to be effective?
A) Contact must take place such that status difference is obvious
B) Contact must be more than superficial
C) Contact must be threatening to force people to change
D) The groups must work separately on common goals
Answer: B
Q2) Education about intergroup relations is most effective in reducing prejudice when it minimizes the stress associated with admitting previous error.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Most of the white respondents to Gallup polls as recently as 1997,express a desire to live in all white neighborhoods.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Macro-Sociological Perspectives: The Order and Conflict Models
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Sample Questions
Q1) In general,functionalist sociologists tend to be most concerned about majority-minority relations because:
A) The minority group is disadvantaged
B) Of their potential for serious disruption of society
C) The minority group position may be improved through conflict
D) Of their potential for change
Q2) Conflict theorists:
A) Agree that the family structure (lifestyle choices) of the poor is an important cause of poverty
B) Deny that family structure is related to poverty
C) Argue that poverty is the cause of the family structure in poor families
D) Believe that family structure is inevitably linked to race
Q3) Order theory believes that social arrangements exist because they perform some function for society.
A)True
B)False
Q4) We live in a culture that encourages frank discussions about sex and contraception with teens.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Origins and Causes of Ethnic Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Anti-Mexican prejudice and discrimination following the annexation of Texas resulted from:
A) The fact that most Mexicans had fought against independence from Mexico for Texas
B) A shift in the power balance in favor of Mexicans
C) Changes in the legal system that allowed Mexicans to take land from Anglos
D) The transfer of Southern anti-black prejudice onto Mexicans
Q2) There is a greater tendency for stratification to exist when contact originally occurred through annexation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Ethnic stratification tends to be greater when:
A) The two groups don't share the same language
B) Initial contact is involuntary for the group who becomes subordinate
C) The two groups differ in terms of race
D) The two groups differ in terms of religion
Q4) Even those who sought to help Indian people ended up exercising social control over them instead.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Changing Patterns of Majority-Minority
Relations in the United States
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which group(s)can be considered predominately middle-class today?
A) African Americans
B) Native Americans
C) Chicanos and Puerto Ricans
D) Chinese and Japanese Americans
Q2) One of the greatest changes in minority group status since WWII is:
A) Elimination of violence against them
B) The abolition of prejudice
C) The presence of a sizeable and growing middle class
D) Overt discrimination in privately owned business
Q3) Why is war correlated with racial violence in the United States? What two reasons are discussed in the textbook?
Q4) Puerto Ricans first came under American rule by conquest.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Today's majority-minority relations in the United States are an example of:
A) Fluid competitive relations
B) Paternalistic race relations
C) Rigid competitive race relations
D) Caste-like race relations
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Chapter 7: Minority Group Movements and Their Impact on Society
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38 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The use of alcohol or drugs among minority groups is an example of:
A) Displaced aggression because of a subordinate role
B) Internal acceptance of a subordinate role
C) Avoidance of a subordinate role
D) Subordinate groups seeking to assimilate
Q2) All of the following changes after WWII precipitated movement-facilitating conditions among American minorities EXCEPT:
A) The trend toward urbanization and industrialization
B) Economic expansion and international changes
C) Economic recessions and high levels of unemployment
D) Mass communications and rising education levels
Q3) What are adaptive strategies and change-oriented strategies? Give examples of each.
Q4) A necessary condition for a social movement to take place is when people feel worse off than others or feels deprived of what they should have.This is called:
A) Relative deprivation
B) Communication network
C) Resources
D) Sense of efficacy
9
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Chapter 8: Changing Values, Goals, and Models: New
Thinking on Assimilation, Pluralism, and Separatism
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Sample Questions
Q1) An emphasis on the preservation of the distinct cultural characteristics of different racial,ethnic,and religious groups is called anglo conformity.189
A)True
B)False
Q2) Interracial marriage is a small minority of all marriages.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Native Americans have used many means to reach their goals which include:
A) A reemphasis of traditional culture with efforts to teach younger generations its language, crafts, skills, and history
B) A focus on extending reservations to include non Indians as a part of their community
C) Packaging and selling their culture on reservations in terms of videos, produced artifacts and theatrical productions
D) Encouraging mining and harvesting of minerals and plants on Indian reservations to provide economic programs
Q4) What is Anglo conformity and how had education played a role in this process?
Q5) Describe the three models of intergroup relations.Give an example of each.
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Chapter 9: Cross-Cultural Studies of Majority-Minority Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The present conflict in Northern Ireland is mainly about:
A) Religion
B) Tribalism
C) Colonialism
D) Economics
Q2) Racial/ethnic relations in Switzerland and Hawaii are harmonious due to all of the following EXCEPT:
A) Ethnically diverse groups came into the area mainly by choice
B) The local population was never conquered and subordinated
C) There are only two major racial or ethnic groups in each country
D) They have a large number of ethnic or racial groups
Q3) What is ethnic cleansing and how was it used in the former Yugoslavia?
Q4) Why does a state like Hawaii with all its racial and ethnic diversity tend to have good race relations?
Q5) The presence of a colonial history causes intergroup inequality.
A)True B)False
Q6) Germany admits more immigrants than most Western countries.
A)True
B)False Page 11
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Chapter 10: The Status of Majority and Minority Groups in the
United States Today
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Q1) How has whiteness become a racial identity? What are some of the reasons this has happened?
Q2) The largest group of Asian Americans are the:
A) Japanese Americans
B) Korean Americans
C) Chinese Americans
D) Filipino Americans
Q3) The three largest ancestry groups in the United States are:
A) Germans, Irish, and English
B) Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Cubans
C) African Americans, Mexicans, and Native Americans
D) Swedish, Norwegian, and Danish
Q4) What evidence does the text list to show that there is continuing inequality for minorities in American society?
Q5) Which of the following is the largest minority group in the United States?
A) African American
B) Hispanics
C) Native Americans
D) Asian Americans
Page 13
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Chapter 11: The Economic and Health Care Systems and Minority Groups in America
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because Medicaid pays well,most physicians welcome these patients into their practices.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following are reasons that many cities are in fiscal crisis EXCEPT:
A) Cities must raise most of their revenue locally
B) There is less high-value property to tax because business and industry have left the cities
C) Most of these cities have a majority of whites in their population
D) Cities have increasingly become the home of the poor
Q3) Which of the following is true about minorities and economics?
A) Home ownership is equal between blacks and whites
B) Black high school graduates are less likely than white high school graduates to complete college, even when their families' incomes are similar
C) Most minorities with higher incomes have been in the middle and upper classes for generations
D) Many minority group members are in positions of power in major corporations
Q4) Does access to Medicaid guarantee poor people the same quality medical care as those who are privately insured? Explain your answer.
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Living Apart: Housing Segregation in America
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Sample Questions
Q1) Blacks are relatively underrepresented in the suburbs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The tendency for people in any two groups or races to live in separate areas is called:
A) Assimilation
B) Housing segregation
C) Housing integration
D) Gentrification
Q3) Once a neighborhood becomes minimally integrated a common result is:
A) For whites to stop moving into the neighborhood
B) That the neighborhood becomes more attractive to whites, so whites move in at an accelerated rate
C) For blacks to move out at an accelerated rate
D) They remain relatively stable in racial composition
Q4) The people disproportionately affected by Hurricane Katrina in 2005 were:
A) White
B) African American
C) Cuban American
D) Mexican American
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Chapter 13: The American Political and Legal System and
Majority-Minority Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most black congressional representatives are elected by predominately black constituencies.
A)True B)False
Q2) Describe how the "grandfather clause," "the poll tax," the "white primary," and the literacy test were used to keep minorities from voting.
Q3) Which of the following is true about drug use and arrests?
A) Whites are more likely to have used every illegal drug except heroin
B) Whites are more likely to be arrested and imprisoned for drugs at rates many times their share of the population
C) The rate of drug arrests among minorities during the 1980s remained flat, while for whites it doubled
D) Among youths, white drug arrest rates doubled while those for blacks declined
Q4) Whereas 70 percent of drug users are non Hispanic whites,78 percent of the people imprisoned for drug use are African American and Hispanic.380 Essay
A)True B)False
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Chapter 14: Education and American Minority Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) Coleman found that underachieving children tended to have a poor self image.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Most Hispanic children attend schools with a majority of the students from which racial or ethnic group?
A) White
B) Black and Hispanic
C) Native American
D) Asian American
Q3) How are cultural deficiency and cultural bias used in discussing low achieving students and which major sociological theory does each tie into?
Q4) Studies suggest that all of the following improves the ability of minority students in the classroom EXCEPT:
A) Teachers believe students are capable of success
B) The class is a pleasant, quiet, and orderly place
C) There is an emphasis on basic reading and math skills
D) Students have several recess breaks during the school day
Q5) Describe how teacher expectations and tracking work together to disadvantage minority students.
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Chapter 15: Current Trends in Majority-Minority Relations
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Q1) Which of the following is true about the results of tests done on discrimination in hiring for jobs?
A) Hispanic job applicants rarely encounter discrimination
B) White names on applications resulted in fewer call-backs for interviews than black names
C) Whites with a criminal record were more likely to be called back for an interview than an African American without a record
D) There was no difference by race in the percentage of call backs for job applicants with criminal records
Q2) In a survey,completed by Monsanto,it was found that attrition of employees within the company who were women and people of color was due primarily to:
A) Poor relations with supervisors and feeling that they were given work that would not lead anywhere
B) Low pay and benefits
C) Lack of affordable child care
D) Harassment by fellow employees
Q3) Name and describe two causes for increased hate-group activities.
Q4) Describe two characteristics of an effective diversity management program.
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Chapter 16: Current Debates: Affirmative Action,
Immigration, and Race Versus Class
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Q1) Which of the following is true?
A) White men earn higher incomes than anyone else
B) Affirmative action programs have most helped those from the lower classes
C) Blue-collar manufacturing firms that have labor contracts with the federal government have increased their workforce in the United States dramatically in the last few years
D) Affirmative action has helped black and Latina women to earn more than white women
Q2) Which of the following have occurred due to the rolling back of affirmative action programs during the 1990s?
A) There have been sharp drops in minority undergraduate students at several University of California campuses
B) The law school at Berkeley has seen a major increase in minority students
C) California's medical schools have seen sharp drops in minority enrollments
D) The enrollment of minorities at Texas's four state medical schools increased by 25 percent
Q3) Describe the argument over which is the more important cause of inequality: racial discrimination vs.social class.
Q4) Describe the overall economic impact of immigrants on the United States.
Page 19
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