Introduction to Sociology Final
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Course Introduction
Introduction to Sociology provides a foundational overview of the field of sociology, examining how societies are organized and how individuals interact within social structures. The course covers key concepts such as culture, socialization, social institutions, inequality, and social change. Students explore the methods sociologists use to research and analyze social behavior, as well as contemporary issues related to class, race, gender, and globalization. By integrating theory with real-world examples, this course equips students with critical thinking skills and a deeper understanding of the social forces shaping human life.
Recommended Textbook
Social Problems 14th Edition by William Kornblum
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15 Chapters
1142 Verified Questions
1142 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Sociological Perspective on Social Problems
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76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is the subfield of sociology that studies how social conditions are distributed in human populations and how these populations are changing.
A)Criminology
B)Gerontology
C)Ecology
D)Demography
E)Demonology
Answer: D
Q2) In the functionalist approach,the term social __________ is most closely related to social problems.
A)stability
B)order
C)function
D)disequilibrium
E)requirement
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Problems of Health and Healthcare
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77 Verified Questions
77 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When we confront problems such as how effectively health care is distributed among all people,including the elderly and poor,we deal with health-care problems at the __________ level.
A)micro or individual
B)abstract or impersonal
C)macro or societal
D)economic or moral
E)professional or technical
Answer: C
Q2) The text points out that in impoverished regions of the world,where high-quality medical care is often lacking,the social problems associated with physical health are profound.Which of the following is NOT one of these problems?
A)the spread of infectious diseases
B)high rates of infant and maternal death
C)vitamin deficiencies
D)low life expectancies
E)inadequate sewage and water systems
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Problems of Mental Illness and Treatment
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82 Verified Questions
82 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The American Psychiatric Association's standard manual of mental disorders is the
A)Mental Illness Inventory
B)Manual of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Disorders
C)Census of Mental Illness
D)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (IV)
E)Psychiatric Inventory of Mental Disorders
Answer: D
Q2) The trend toward deinstitutionalization is generally attributed to the introduction of
A)halfway houses
B)psychotropic drugs
C)community psychology
D)the labeling of mental illness
E)the drift hypothesis
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Alcohol and Other Drugs
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81 Verified Questions
81 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Any substance that is prescribed by a physician or manufactured expressly to relieve Pain or to treat and prevent disease" defines a drug in a __________ context.
A)sociological
B)medical
C)pharmacological
D)legal
E)social
Q2) What programs have been established to treat alcoholism and problem drinking? Which have been more successful? Why?
Q3) __________ is the most widely used drug among teenage and pre-teen American youth today.
A)Cocaine
B)Tobacco (Nicotine)
C)Marijuana
D)Alcohol
E)Heroin
Q4) List and describe the commonly abused illegal drugs in the United States.Which are the most dangerous? Why?
Q5) Describe the basic differences between problem drinking and alcoholism.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Crime and Violence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most judicial determinations of guilt are achieved by agreement that produces a guilty plea in return for considerations such as a reduced sentence.This is known formally as __________.
A)bargain justice
B)guilt agreements
C)plea bargaining
D)consideration exchange
E)dealing for a plea
Q2) __________ is the capacity of a social group,which could be an entire society,to regulate itself according to a set of "higher moral principles beyond those of self interest."
A)Social control
B)Anomie
C)Differential regulation
D)Retribution
E)Deterrence
Q3) Gender differences and age differences are found in arrests for crime.What are these and why do they exist? What recent trends are observable?
Q4) Rehabilitation is difficult to achieve in the setting of the modern prison.Why?
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Chapter 6: Poverty and Affluence
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81 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) For Karl Marx,the capitalist's search for profits led to adopting automation to lower wage costs.In his view,this displaced workers in large numbers from their jobs and drove down wages for all workers.In Marx's terms,this situation created __________.
A)a reserve army of unemployed people
B)a more docile bourgeoisie
C)a smaller lumpenproletariat
D)a wealthier proletariat
E)more employment and larger profits
Q2) Poverty scholars believe that the official definition __________ the amount of poverty in this country.
A)exaggerates
B)overestimates
C)understates
D)totally distorts
E)multiplies
Q3) In American ideology,the wealthy have "made it" on their own efforts.What are some of the ways in which our society's government has helped the rich to gain and expand their wealth?
Q4) Why is immigration associated with poverty?
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Chapter 7: Racism, Prejudice, and Discrimination
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91 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) When we consider factors of social structure that are important in the origins of prejudice and discrimination,we observe that dominance and subordination involve a competitive struggle for possession of valued goods.According to the text,this is,ultimately __________.
A)a psychological process,understood by investigating human acquisitiveness
B)an economic process of free-market competition
C)an educational process involving the acquisition of skills
D)a religious process,reflecting the dominant values of the society
E)a political process involving a struggle for power
Q2) In __________ a black or minority couple is sent to real estate agents and shown (or not shown)certain types of housing.Then a white couple is sent to the same agents and the results are compared;this process is repeated many times with different agents to determine whether a systematic pattern of discrimination exists.
A)blockbusting research
B)restrictive covenant research
C)racial leasing research
D)property avoidance research
E)audit research
Q3) What is racism? Give several examples to support your answer.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Gender and Sexuality
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74 Verified Questions
74 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ expresses the idea that the pay levels of certain jobs should be adjusted so that they reflect the intrinsic value of the job.
A)Income equality
B)Pay-rate equity
C)Salary equalization
D)Compensation balance
E)Comparable worth
Q2) __________ refers to the process whereby individuals learn to behave according to the norms of their culture.
A)Progression
B)Socialization
C)Enculturation
D)Maturation
E)Socialized learning
Q3) Sexism can be observed in employment and in the devaluation of homemaking.How does sexism affect women's place in the economy and in the home?
Q4) How have traditional sex roles defined femininity and masculinity? How have recent changes redefined sex roles? Give some specific examples.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: An Aging Society
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74 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) There are two categories within the aging process,which are __________ aging and __________ aging.
A)primary;secondary
B)early;late
C)social;antisocial
D)near;tertiary
E)physical;physiological
Q2) Although as a whole,the elderly have made economic gains,this is NOT true of aged
A)blacks
B)males
C)whites
D)Protestants
E)Japanese Americans
Q3) How have social changes associated with industrialization changed the role played by the elderly in American society?
Q4) What are the major myths and stereotypes about the elderly? What does the evidence show about each of the myths you describe?
Q5) Are the aged a minority group? Why or why not?
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Chapter 10: The Changing Family
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a landmark study of women's attitudes about work and marriage,Arlie Hochschild found that women who work have less time for themselves and often think of the work they do in the home as a kind of __________
A)"pink collar trap."
B)"velvet ghetto."
C)"second shift."
D)"silver ceiling."
E)"gold mortgage."
Q2) According to the text's discussion of gay and lesbian families,__________.
A)the AIDS epidemic has led homosexual couples to abandon thoughts of having children of their own
B)very few homosexual couples consider themselves to be "married"
C)substantial research findings indicate that children in homosexual families suffer devastating problems as a result of their parents' nonconformity
D)All of the above
E)None of the above
Q3) Define and describe the criteria seen to be necessary for adequate family functioning.What types of families can be observed when these criteria are not met?
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Chapter 11: Problems of Education
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67 Verified Questions
67 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements describes the Race to the Top Fund?
A)It sets aside funds for school districts that allow homeschooled children to use their resources.
B)It sets aside over 4 billion in funds for school districts that safeguard values of "Americanism."
C)It sets aside over $4 billion in funds to award states that come up with comprehensive plans for school reforms.
D)All of the above
E)None of the above
Q2) Which of the following is assuming a central role in current educational policy?
A)high schools
B)public,two-year (or community)colleges
C)four-year colleges
D)ivy-league schools
E)graduate schools
Q3) How do social institutions respond to change? How are educational institutions in the United States responding to change?
Q4) Compare and contrast the basic sociological approaches on educational problems.Give specific examples.
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Chapter 12: Problems of Work and the Economy
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71 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Nike Corporation subcontracts with local employers for about 75,000 Asian workers to make Nike shoes,which are sold in the United States for more than $80 a pair.In some instances,11-year-old workers earn about __________ a day producing these shoes.
A)$2.20
B)$10.50
C)$24.75
D)$37.90
E)$45.00
Q2) As a category among blue-collar workers in the United States,__________ have DECREASED as a percentage of the blue-collar workforce.
A)unskilled laborers
B)semiskilled operatives
C)managers
D)skilled operatives
E)craftsmen
Q3) The free-enterprise system has been influenced by concentrated power.Who has held and exercised this power? How has the free-market been influenced?
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14
Chapter 13: Population and Immigration
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Great Recession of 2008 has __________.
A)discouraged illegal immigrants from testing their fortunes in the U.S.job market.
B)led to a decrease in unauthorized immigration,especially as job losses hit an all-time high in 2008.
C)caused immigrant workers in landscaping and other services related to new home construction to lose their jobs.
D)caused increasing numbers of undocumented immigrants who have been working in the United States to return to their homelands.
E)led to all of the above.
Q2) The essential basis of a family planning program is to __________.
A)propagandize for birth control
B)help families to limit the number of children they have
C)provide abortions for those families that want them
D)help families to have the number of children that they wish to have
E)control teenage pregnancy
Q3) Provide a brief history of immigration to the United States.Be sure to mention the five "periods" of immigration,as discussed in the text.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Technology and the Environment
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hydrocarbons,the oxides of carbon,and particulate matter are all important pollutants of __________.
A)the atmosphere
B)lakes
C)the oceans
D)the soil
E)rivers
Q2) As of 2002,United States has __________ tons of spent nuclear fuel and other nuclear wastes.
A)57,000
B)77,000
C)97,000
D)107,000
E)177,000
Q3) What did William Ogburn mean by the term "culture lag"? Provide some specific examples of culture lag in American society today.
Q4) What is "whistle blowing"? Why do people do this and what typically happens when they do?
Q5) What is transhumanism? Provide some examples of transhumanism.
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Chapter 15: War and Global Insecurity
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Humans fight wars because defense of a territory is the result of instinctual aggression.This reflects the view of __________.
A)Carl von Clausewitz
B)Nikolai Lenin
C)Konrad Lorenz
D)Harold Lasswell
E)Karl Marx
Q2) __________ refers to justifiable acts in wartime.
A)Jus ad bellum
B)Ex post facto
C)Jus in bello
D)Habeas corpus law
E)None of the above
Q3) __________ is the only nation to have used nuclear bombs in war.
A)Japan
B)The Soviet Union
C)The United States
D)Germany
E)China
Q4) What are the direct and indirect effects of war? How will nuclear war differ?
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