Introduction to Sociology Final
Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Sociology offers a comprehensive overview of the fundamental concepts, theories, and methods used in the study of human society. This course explores the structure and dynamics of social groups, institutions, and cultures, examining topics such as socialization, inequality, race and ethnicity, gender, family, and social change. Students will learn to critically analyze everyday social interactions and the forces that shape societies, gaining valuable insights into how individuals and communities are influenced by broader social patterns. The course also introduces sociological research techniques and encourages students to apply a sociological perspective to current social issues.
Recommended Textbook
Marriages and Families 8th Edition by
Nijole V. Benokraitis
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Chapter 1: he Changing Family
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Q1) In a ________ family system, the oldest females control cultural, political, and economic resources and, consequently, have power over males.
A) patriarchal
B) matriarchal
C) nuclear
D) neolocal
Answer: B
Q2) The family a person forms by marrying and having or adopting children is referred to as the ________.
A) nuclear family
B) extended family
C) family of procreation
D) family of orientation
Answer: C
Q3) Explain the term fictive kin.
Answer: Fictive kin are nonrelatives who are accepted as part of the family because they have strong bonds with biological family members and provide important services and care.These emotional ties may be stronger and more lasting than those established by blood or marriage.
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Studying the Family
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Q1) According to structural-functionalism, family roles are functional because they create and preserve ________.
A) social change
B) individualism
C) flexibility and adaptability
D) order and stability
Answer: D
Q2) A criticism of the conflict theory is that it overemphasizes conflict and coercion at the expense of ________.
A) changes in traditional roles
B) competition, power, and control
C) order and stability
D) male dominance
Answer: C
Q3) Student course evaluations are an example of ________.
A) face-to-face interviews
B) secondary analysis
C) participant observation
D) self-administered questionnaires
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: The Family in Historical Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) A woman who believes in the cult of domesticity is also likely to believe that
A) a wife's employment must be essential to a family's economic advancement
B) the responsibility of a family's financial survival solely rests on the husband
C) children born out of nonmarital relations should be allowed to stay with the mother
D) a woman should be given a divorce if she falls out of love with her husband
Answer: B
Q2) Chu'a, a young boy of the Comanche tribe, fasts throughout the day and undergoes some purifying rituals.He then finds an isolated place atop a butte and waits for guidance from a supernatural being to instruct him on his responsibilities as an adult.This is an example of ________.
A) a séance
B) a penance
C) a vision quest
D) Peyote worship
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Racial and Ethnic Families: Strengths and Stresses
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Q1) Which of the following is true of immigration in the U.S.?
A) The unauthorized immigrant population has significantly plummeted after the Great Recession.
B) The United States is the nation that admits the highest number of immigrants every year.
C) Most of the immigrants that have settled down in the U.S.in recent years have come from Europe.
D) Most of the immigrants who come to the U.S.arrive as refugees who are fleeing political or religious oppression in their own countries.
Q2) Which of the following factors strengthens the argument that marianismo is more of an ideal than a reality in Latino society?
A) Girls are more likely to be monitored and supervised.
B) There is growing acceptance of the traditional gender roles in Latino society.
C) More Latino men participate in domestic work and child rearing activities now than ever before.
D) There is a high incidence of nonmarital pregnancy among Latina adolescents.
Q3) What are some benefits of immigration?
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Chapter 5: Socialization and Gender Roles
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Q1) Gary, a manager, offers to take Susan, his manager, out on a date.However, Susan declines his offer, stating that she is married.Despite her refusal to go out with him, Gary constantly asks her out.This scenario is an example of ________.
A) verbal harassment
B) nonverbal harassment
C) physical harassment
D) power harassment
Q2) Explain the difference between maintenance work and conversational dominance.
Q3) Which of the following best describes "the feminization of higher education"?
A) Women are more likely than men to have doctoral degrees.
B) Men tend to score higher in exams than women.
C) Women are more likely than men to teach in high schools.
D) Women are more likely than men to finish college.
Q4) The hormone that is dominant in females and is produced by the ovaries is known as ________.
A) androstenedione
B) estrogen
C) testosterone
D) androgen
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Chapter 6: Love and Loving Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Carl is using computer dating services to find a marriage partner for himself.He is looking out for a partner who will have an economic and social background that is similar to him.In this scenario, Carl demonstrates the ________ style of loving.
A) mania
B) ludus
C) agape
D) pragma
Q2) Anthony and Debby have been dating each other since the past one year.Over the year, their relationship has strengthened and Debby often confides in Anthony about her fears and insecurities.She trusts Anthony with her innermost thoughts and knows that he will not judge her.In this scenario, Debby and Anthony's relationship reflects ________ intimacy.
A) physical
B) physiological
C) verbal
D) biological
Q3) What is the biological perspective of love? Explain.
Q4) Why is love unrequited? Explain with the help of reasons.
Q5) How do gestures differ in romantic love in comparison with long-term love?
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Chapter 7: Sexuality and Sexual Expression throughout Life
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Q1) Which of the following functions does sex serve in long-term relationships?
A) preventing self-disclosure
B) experimentation
C) freedom
D) interdependence
Q2) Ideally, ________ should be a child's first and best sex educators.
A) parents
B) peers
C) school
D) church
Q3) Which of the following is true of masturbation?
A) It can be as sexually satisfying as intercourse.
B) It creates sexual tension.
C) It creates conflicts in a marriage.
D) It begins in adult life.
Q4) Which of the following is a difference between oral and anal sex?
A) Anal sex involves manual stimulation whereas oral sex does not.
B) Anal sex can be performed simultaneously whereas oral sex cannot.
C) Oral sex is a heterosexual behavior whereas anal sex is not.
D) Oral sex involves penile-vaginal intercourse whereas anal sex does not.
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Chapter 8: Choosing Others: Dating and Mate Selection
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Q1) Adrian and Jena study at the university together and have been dating for a year.Adrian began dating Jena because he wanted to have a serious and caring relationship.Which of the following functions of dating does this scenario represent?
A) socialization
B) fun and recreation
C) social status
D) love and affection
Q2) Which of the following statements about getting together is accurate?
A) It is organized by females rather than males.
B) It involves a group of friends who meet at someone's house or a party.
C) It refers to a short-lived casual sexual experience that involves drugs and alcohol.
D) It indicates that a couple wants to become exclusive.
Q3) Which of the following is a difference between hanging out and getting together?
A) Hanging out is more structured than getting together.
B) Getting together is a traditional form of dating, whereas hanging out is not.
C) Getting together is more intimate than hanging out.
D) Hanging out involves "floating," whereas getting together does not.
Q4) Explain how hooking up is different from getting together.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Singlehood, Cohabitation, Civil Unions, and Other Options
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Q1) Which of the following is true of Japanese Americans?
A) They strictly do not date outside their own racial circle.
B) They are facing an intense marriage squeeze.
C) They have high intermarriage rates.
D) They are less prone to acculturation.
Q2) Timothy, a social researcher, is of the opinion that cultural values tend to reduce the number of singles living in a society.Provide an explanation which supports Timothy's view.
Q3) Which of the following is true of the differences between Asian Americans and their Latino counterparts?
A) Asian Americans have lower singlehood rates than their Latino counterparts.
B) Asian Americans have lower marriage rates than their Latino counterparts.
C) A higher percentage of Asian Americans are divorced than their Latino counterparts.
D) A higher percentage of Asian Americans are never married as compared to their Latino counterparts.
Q4) Explain two areas of conflict that gay and lesbian couples face.
Q5) Briefly explain a macro-level factor that affects decisions about matrimony.
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Q6) Briefly explain two reasons why Americans choose to live alone.
Q7) Briefly explain why singles are postponing marriage.
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Chapter 10: Marriage and Communication in Intimate Relationships
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Q1) Kurt, a sociologist, claims that unmarried couples are less likely to be happy than their married counterparts.Which of the following accurate statements strengthens Kurt's argument?
A) Unlike their married counterparts, unmarried couples cannot legally raise their children as their own.
B) Unlike their unmarried counterparts, married couples tend to have smaller extended family ties.
C) Unlike their unmarried counterparts, married couples are reported to have greater financial security and stability.
D) Unlike their married counterparts, unmarried couples are generally afraid of being ridiculed by society.
Q2) Maria, a wealthy businesswoman, was engaged to Ryan.Before the marriage, Maria's parents insisted that Ryan should sign an agreement that would absolve Maria from parting with her wealth to Ryan in case of a divorce.Such an agreement is known as a(n)________.
A) exclusionary clause
B) voidance agreement
C) prenuptial agreement
D) due process clause
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Chapter 11: To Be or Not to Be a Parent: More Choices, More
Constraints
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Q1) Trisha is planning to get an abortion.In order for her to obtain a safe physical abortion, she must opt for it during the ________.
A) third trimester
B) 18th week of pregnancy
C) first trimester
D) 24th week of pregnancy
Q2) An infection of the uterus that spreads to the tubes as well as to the ovaries and surrounding tissues is called ________.
A) pelvic inflammatory disease
B) endometriosis
C) gonorrhea
D) chlamydia
Q3) Due to her husband's infertility, Lily had to opt for a medical procedure in which she was fertilized with a donor's sperm while she was ovulating.In this scenario, Lily is undergoing ________.
A) caesarean section
B) surrogacy
C) fertility drugging
D) artificial insemination
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Chapter 12: Raising Children: Promises and Pitfalls
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Q1) Describe the concept of permissive parenting.Illustrate this with an example.
Q2) Problem parents have an adverse effect on their children by ________.
A) overcontrolling their children's lives
B) not telling their children to do the right thing
C) setting very high standards for children to live up to
D) not being good role models
Q3) Peyton is two years old.After watching her sister pat their dog, she starts doing the same.She often observes her sister and repeats her actions.According to Mead's theory of social self, in which of the following stages is Peyton?
A) the games stage
B) the imitation stage
C) the preoperational stage
D) the initiative vs.guilt stage
Q4) According to the cognitive development theory, children learn to discern cause and effect and begin to understand the views of others in the ________ stage.
A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) concrete operational
D) generativity vs.self-absorption
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Chapter 13: The Economy and Family Life
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Q1) Which of the following is a primary reason why women are increasingly working outside the home?
A) Women have lesser educational qualifications than men.
B) The role of a homemaker today is considered more fulfilling than a professional career.
C) Traditional gender roles are reinforced by the society.
D) Women experience personal satisfaction by pursuing a career.
Q2) Which of the following is a difference between dual-earner and dual-career couples?
A) In dual-earner couples, both partners work in positions that involve ongoing professional growth whereas in dual-career couples, only one partner works in such a position.
B) In dual-career couples, both partners work in positions that require long-term commitment whereas in dual-earner couples, partners may or may not work in such positions.
C) In dual-earner couples, both partners work in managerial positions whereas in dual-career couples, both partners work in non-managerial positions.
D) In dual-career couples, partners are less qualified to perform their jobs than partners in dual-earner couples.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Domestic Violence and Other Family Health
Issues
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Q1) Internalized homophobia differs from heterosexist discrimination in that internalized homophobia ________.
A) decreases the chances of gays and lesbians staying in an abusive relationship
B) decreases the chances of IPV among same-sex partners
C) involves having negative feelings about another's heterosexual tendencies
D) involves having negative feelings about one's homosexual tendencies
Q2) Briefly describe depression.
Q3) The term ________ refers to current and former spouses, couples who live together, and current or former boyfriends or girlfriends.
A) situational partner
B) intimate partner
C) ordinary resident
D) primary resident
Q4) Jayden, an army veteran, is suffering from a mental disorder that is characterized by high levels of sadness and loss of interest in daily activities.He prefers to remain alone and consumes large amounts of illicit drugs.Identify and explain the mental disorder that afflicts Jayden.
Q5) Explain the term "physical abuse." Give examples of physical abuse.
Q6) Briefly describe child maltreatment.
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Chapter 15: Separation, Divorce, Remarriage, and Stepfamilies
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Q1) Which of the following best describes the community remarriage stage?
A) Couples often sever close personal ties that they establish after a divorce.
B) Couples develop a relationship with the children of their new spouse.
C) Couples officially announce that they are remarried to friends and family.
D) Couples start deciding on allocation of expenses between them.
Q2) Melissa debates with her mother that early marriage has nothing to do with divorce.Give a suitable answer that would weaken Melissa's argument.
Q3) Describe a scenario that would serve as an example of a person who is in the psychic stage of remarriage.
Q4) Which of the following occurs in the middle stage of emotional divorce?
A) Spouses feel disappointment in each other but hope the marriage will improve.
B) The unhappier partner begins to evaluate the rewards and costs of leaving the marriage.
C) One of the partners stops caring and detaches emotionally from the other.
D) One of the partner contacts a lawyer and files for divorce.
Q5) Describe a scenario which would serve as an example of pseudo reconciliation.
Q6) Describe a suitable scenario that would be an example of split custody.
Q8) List out five micro-level reasons for divorce. Page 17
Q7) Discuss the difficulties that are encountered in a same-sex divorce.
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Chapter 16: Families in Later Life
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Q1) Chelsea and Charles are siblings who are very affectionate and genuinely close to each other.Charles asked Chelsea if she could look after his dog as he had to go out of town.Chelsea said as much she would love to help out, she wouldn't be able to as she had to attend a dinner party with her husband.This is an example of a(n)________ sibling relationship.
A) congenial
B) intimate
C) loyal
D) apathetic
Q2) Henry claims his grandparents follow an advisory and authoritative style of grandparenting.Which of the following statements would support his claim?
A) Henry's grandfather lives in a different state and only meets him on holidays.
B) Henry's grandmother never speaks to him much as she spends most of her time in a mental institute.
C) Henry's grandfather visits him frequently and takes him to ball games and movies.
D) Henry's grandmother pays his tuition fees and helps him with his homework every.
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