Introduction to Sociology Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Sociology provides a foundational overview of the scientific study of society, social institutions, and social relationships. This course explores key sociological concepts, theories, and research methods that enable students to critically analyze how individuals interact within groups, how cultures and societies are structured, and the ways in which social processes shape human behavior and identity. Topics covered include socialization, social stratification, institutions such as family and education, race, gender, and globalization, all framed through contemporary and historical examples. Students will develop skills in critical thinking, observation, and analysis as they explore the interplay between individual experiences and larger social forces.
Recommended Textbook
You May Ask Yourself An Introduction to Thinking Like a Sociologist Core 4th Edition by Dalton Conley
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Sociological Imagination: An Introduction
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Q1) George H.Mead described how the "self " internalizes the views of society as a whole,transcending the individual and particular situations.He calls this larger society:
A) the significant other.
B) the generalized other.
C) the looking glass self.
D) the social self.
Answer: B
Q2) All of the following are examples of social institutions used to prevent websites from undermining colleges' degree-conferring abilities EXCEPT:
A) copyright law.
B) police forces.
C) employers.
D) families.
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: Methods
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Q1) If Juanita practices ____________ in her research,she carefully considers how her role as researcher may affect those whom she studies (the researched).
A) reflexivity
B) selective attention
C) empathy
D) common sense
Answer: A
Q2) Research subjects have a right to know that they are participating in a study and what the study consists of.This is known as:
A) involuntary participation.
B) informed consent.
C) manifest content.
D) latent content.
Answer: B
Q3) Define the terms validity and reliability.
Answer: Validity means that a researcher must measure what he or she intends to measure.Reliability means that a researcher is able to obtain the same result using the same measures more than once.
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4
Chapter 3: Culture and Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) Norms are to ____________ as values are to ____________.
A) attitudes; behavior
B) behavior; attitudes
C) consistency; change
D) change; consistency
Answer: B
Q2) Low culture,such as hip-hop music,is also known as:
A) counterculture.
B) pop culture.
C) cultural scripts.
D) cultural relativism.
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following is true regarding the value of high versus low culture?
A) High culture is much more valuable than low culture.
B) Low culture is much more valuable than high culture.
C) It is difficult to debate the worth of high and low culture.
D) Popular culture is preferred over both high and low culture.
Answer: C
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5
Chapter 4: Socialization and the Construction of Reality
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Q1) Saying "hello" when answering the telephone signals the start of an encounter in the first bracket and is known to dramaturgists as:
A) act one.
B) the monologue.
C) the opening.
D) the preshow.
Q2) According to George Herbert Mead's stages of development,children learn to recognize an other through:
A) playing informally with other people.
B) imitation.
C) playing formal games (like baseball).
D) trial and error.
Q3) Parents of different social classes socialize their children differently.Middle-class parents are more likely to stress independence and self-direction,whereas working-class parents prioritize obedience to authority.Using this example,explain how these different socialization experiences could perpetuate (reproduce)social inequality.
Q4) Define gender roles and give one example of a female gender role and one example of a male gender role in the United States.
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Chapter 5: Groups and Networks
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Q1) You are at a party with a very close group of friends one evening,and you spy an acquaintance (a former classmate from a sociology class)at the same party.If the acquaintance becomes friends with your group of friends,the tie between you and your former classmate is stronger because:
A) you are now much more intimate with your former classmate.
B) it is now reinforced by the ties between your close group of friends.
C) ties to your close group of friends have changed.
D) of dialectics.
Q2) Parenting coordinators are sometimes brought in by the court to help relieve tension between divorcing parents.When a dispute arises between the parents,the parenting coordinator can step in and help moms and dads "keep the peace." The coordinator plays the role of:
A) the third that rejoices.
B) divide and conquer.
C) mediator.
D) counselor "at large."
Q3) How we feel about ourselves is an inherently social process that stems in part from who we compare ourselves to.Provide two real-life examples of how reference groups have affected how you feel about yourself (whether fleeting or long-term).
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Social Control and Deviance
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Q1) Sexual orientation was grounds for excluding immigrants from the United States until:
A) 1890.
B) 1940.
C) 1960.
D) 1990.
Q2) Mark is a member of a small tribe in New Guinea.The majority of people in his group fish for sustenance and share their catch with all the other members.Most of the people in his culture are very similar in their values,norms,and outlook on life.Mark steals from another member of his tribe.He will probably receive which type of social realignment?
A) Mark will be shamed in front of the entire tribe.
B) Mark will have to complete 20 hours of community service work.
C) Mark will be put on probation for months.
D) Mark will be sent to juvenile hall to be rehabilitated.
Q3) Which of Durkheim's types of social solidarity characterizes modern life?
A) mechanical
B) organic
C) anomic
D) egoistic
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Chapter 7: Stratification
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Q1) According to the "Relative Social Prestige of Selected U.S.Occupations" table (Table 7.1 in your text),which blue-collar occupation has the highest prestige score?
A) firefighter
B) police officer
C) electrician
D) aircraft mechanic
Q2) Explain the estate,caste,class,and status hierarchy systems,using examples.
Q3) Business managers are examples of what concept?
A) in-between group
B) middlemen
C) conflict class
D) meritocracies
Q4) What group sells its labor to the bourgeoisie in order to receive wages?
A) elites
B) working class
C) proletariat
D) bourgeoisie
Q5) Compare and contrast Rousseau's perspective of social inequality with that of Malthus,Millar,and Ferguson.
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Chapter 8: Gender
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Q1) What is the woman question? Explain the woman question from a functional perspective and a feminist perspective.What are some problems with each of these perspectives?
Q2) Feminist philosopher Elizabeth Grosz proposed that we view the relationship between sex (the natural)and gender (the social)as existing on a Möbius strip because:
A) sex comes before gender and dictates behavior.
B) you can separate sex and gender into two distinct entities.
C) sex and gender are two sides of the same coin and are thus inseparable.
D) it is easier to siphon out the effects of each in this way.
Q3) What percentage of teenagers over the age of 14 admit they have had sexual intercourse?
A) just under 10 percent
B) just under 25 percent
C) just under 50 percent
D) just under 75 percent
Q4) Explain why hegemonic males' social status is considered invisible and why these men might feel they are under attack by feminists.Explain in detail why gender roles arise.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Race
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Q1) Japanese internment camps resulted in:
A) greater wealth for Chinese Americans.
B) a decrease in wealth for white Americans.
C) greater wealth for white Americans.
D) more Chinese immigrants entering the United States.
Q2) A society is pluralistic if no distinct ethnic group is statistically:
A) in the minority.
B) equal to another.
C) the dominant group in government.
D) in the majority.
Q3) As pointed out in the boxed section on "Reverse Migration," many countries that send immigrants to the United States have policies that discourage Americans from moving to their country.What would be the benefit of instituting a bilateral treaty (naturalizing citizens from other countries on the same terms that partner countries naturalize Americans)?
Q4) Eugenics literally means:
A) "well-born."
B) "indigenous."
C) "intelligent."
D) "inherited."
11
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Chapter 10: Poverty
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Q1) The Gini coefficient is:
A) a comparison of poverty rates.
B) the U.S. poverty line.
C) a measure of economic inequality.
D) a measure of poverty rates.
Q2) What was the problem with the Gautreaux Assisted Housing Program?
A) There weren't enough houses for all the families.
B) It produced no improvement or changes.
C) Families brought destructive behaviors from the ghetto to the new neighborhood.
D) Participants were self-selected.
Q3) Poverty has a strong effect on children's life chances because:
A) they experience material deprivation and it affects their parents' parenting behaviors.
B) it motivates them to work harder to escape it.
C) it makes them more creative because it forces them to think of new ways to get by.
D) it teaches them to embrace poverty and thwarts their motivation.
Q4) Why is there such unequal distribution of wealth in the United States? How does the United States compare to other nations?
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Chapter 11: Health and Society
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Q1) One of the key traits of the medical profession is its focus on:
A) making money.
B) peers.
C) clients.
D) non-human animal behavior.
Q2) Which type of family has higher child mortality rates?
A) urban
B) small
C) suburban
D) large
Q3) While HMOs might decrease the prestige of physicians,they could also be detrimental to patients because a patient could be:
A) forced to go into an unlicensed hospital.
B) undertreated.
C) ignored by administrative staff.
D) forced into risky treatments.
Q4) What are the signs that doctors' authority is declining? How does this affect you?
Q5) What are supplier-induced demand and prescription authority? What are the problems associated with each?
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Chapter 12: Family (in Core edition)
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Q1) Define nuclear family and elaborate on its evolution.Is this still the traditional family form in the United States?
Q2) A family consisting of a mother,a father,and their biological children is known as a(n)____________ family.
A) polygamous
B) polyandrous
C) extended
D) nuclear
Q3) As discussed in Chapter 12,which group of women is least likely to get an abortion?
A) white women
B) Asian women
C) Latino women
D) black women
Q4) Most Latino families in the United States are shaped by which of the following?
A) a devout tradition of Catholicism
B) a devout tradition of Protestantism
C) U.S. history books
D) the U.S. media
Q5) Define endogamy and exogamy as family forms and give an example of each.
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Chapter 13: Education
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Q1) Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of Project STAR?
A) It was a longitudinal study that spanned four years.
B) Teachers and students were randomly assigned to small- or regular-sized classes with or without a teacher's aide.
C) The students were in middle school.
D) The study was conducted by the Tennessee State Department of Education.
Q2) The SAT was developed in order to provide children from public schools with a chance to demonstrate their fitness for college and to show they are as able as students from private high schools.It is therefore ironic that:
A) researchers now question how meritocratic the SAT is, because the SAT may test knowledge that is biased against certain groups.
B) elite colleges and universities are increasingly deciding not to base admissions decisions on the SAT.
C) students from private schools still score higher on the SAT.
D) students from public schools are less likely to take the SAT than are students from private schools.
Q3) Discuss at least three criticisms of the SAT as a criterion for college admission.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Capitalism and the Economy
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Q1) Karl Marx felt that workers in a capitalist society were alienated in four ways.List these four ways and give examples of each.
Q2) Adam Smith argues that money is inherently social because:
A) it requires an employment relationship between an employer and employee.
B) it requires complex social and governmental institutions to ensure that markets work properly.
C) any and all economic exchange requires two partners.
D) economic activity involves cooperation and even collusion among many participants.
Q3) Adam Smith,the father of liberal economics,determined that groups of individuals pursuing their own self-interest manage to stay intact and not fall into the chaos of civil strife because:
A) individuals are focused on their own issues and do not realize the chaos around them.
B) individual self-interest in an environment of others acting similarly will lead to a situation of competition.
C) individuals will strive to make their contribution stand out.
D) individuals compete with people they know but feel strangers are no threat in the business world.
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Chapter 15: Authority and the State
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Q1) In the 1970s,a man by the name of Jim Jones persuaded 900 people to commit suicide in Guyana.He was the leader of the Peoples Temple,and his personal appeal allowed him to have this power over his followers.We would call this
authority.
A) political
B) charismatic
C) traditional
D) rational
Q2) How do rulers prove their authority?
A) by overthrowing current governments
B) by building up the largest armies
C) by persuading subordinates that their claims to power are valid
D) by establishing their own government systems
Q3) According to Lukes's first dimension of power,when is power most visible?
A) during cultural displays, such as military parades
B) during everyday conversation
C) during movies
D) when different agendas clash and conflict results
Q4) Describe Max Weber's three accounts of a ruler's "superiority and fitness to rule." Give examples of each.
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Chapter 16: Religion
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Q1) According to the textbook,difference between evangelical Protestants and fundamentalist Christians is that fundamentalists:
A) believe that the Bible should be taken literally; evangelicals do not.
B) believe that we should engage with the world; evangelicals separate themselves from society.
C) separate themselves from the world; evangelicals try to win converts by engaging with the world.
D) are conservative Protestants; evangelicals are more liberal.
Q2) As people age,they become:
A) more secular.
B) less religious.
C) more religious.
D) more cranky.
Q3) Durkheim felt that one of the major functions of religion was that it perpetuates:
A) sexism.
B) racism.
C) solidarity.
D) inequality.
Q4) Religion in the United States has been found to be more broad than deep.Explain.
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Chapter 17: Science, the Environment, and Society
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Q1) Because of the green revolution,food production has kept pace with:
A) income increases.
B) population growth.
C) technology.
D) changes in skills.
Q2) Describe the intersection between science and politics.How do they influence each other?
Q3) Al Gore's film An Inconvenient Truth documented the effect of what on climate temperature?
A) global warming
B) human activity
C) hurricanes
D) evolution
Q4) Vandana Shiva agrees that the green revolution has increased agricultural output and household incomes,but she is concerned about the:
A) impact these changes will have on marriage rates.
B) impact these changes will have on population growth.
C) short- and long-term psychological costs of these changes.
D) cultural, economic, and environmental costs of such changes.
Q5) Discuss the effects of global warming from a sociological perspective.
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Chapter 18: Collective Action, Social Movements, and Social Change
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Q1) Convergence theory doesn't necessarily require:
A) like-minded people.
B) planning.
C) everyone to be in the same place.
D) collective action.
Q2) Value-added theory was "borrowed" from the discipline of: A) sociology.
B) economics.
C) history.
D) psychology.
Q3) You are concerned that the new bar in town is allowing bands to play into the early morning hours.There is no noise ordinance in your town,but you and your neighbors are irritated that you can't sleep on the weekends.You and your neighbors decide to write letters to local politicians to get a noise ordinance in place.This would be what type of participatory movement organization and why? Why would this be a participatory type of organization and not a professional one?
Q4) In the 1830s,Alexis de Tocqueville visited the United States from France and called the United States a "land of joiners." What did he mean by this and how did this affect people's individual identities?
Page 20
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