Introduction to Sociology Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Introduction to Sociology offers students a foundational understanding of the systematic study of society, social institutions, and human behavior. This course explores key sociological concepts, theories, and methodologies, examining how culture, socialization, groups, class, race, gender, and other social factors influence individuals and communities. Through case studies, discussions, and critical analysis, students will learn to recognize patterns of social relationships, identify sources of social change, and develop a sociological perspective to interpret contemporary social issues.
Recommended Textbook
Sociology Your Compass for a New World 5th Canadian Edition by Robert J. Brym
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3272 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: A Sociological Compass
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142 Verified Questions
142 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Priya is interested in studying the ways that family socialization contributes to formation of its members' identities.Which theorist's work is most closely aligned her interests?
A)C.Wright Mills
B)George Herbert Mead
C)Talcott Parsons
D)Max Weber
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following terms refers to ideas about good and bad, and right and wrong?
A)theories
B)values
C)norms
D)scientific reasoning
Answer: B
Q3) According to Spencer, individual struggle for survival caused societies to progress from "barbaric" to "civilized."
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: How Sociologists Do Research
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher decides to measure happiness by the number of times a person smiles each hour.Which statement best describes the relationship between happiness and smiling?
A)Both happiness and smiling are variables.
B)Both happiness and smiling are concepts.
C)Happiness is a concept and smiling a variable.
D)Happiness is a variable and smiling is a concept.
Answer: C
Q2) A researcher decides to measure happiness by the number of times a person smiles each hour.What process has she accomplished?
A)measurement
B)operationalization
C)validation
D)specification
Answer: B
Q3) In research, the control variable determines the context of the hypothesized relationship.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following processes produces symbols?
A)generation
B)abstraction
C)collection
D)communication
Answer: B
Q2) According to the Sapir-Whorf thesis, which of the following cultural elements is the most important for the way we see the world?
A)production
B)cooperation
C)language
D)conceptual thinking
Answer: C
Q3) What do we call ceremonies that mark the transition from one stage of life to another?
A)cultural relativism
B)ethnocentrism
C)rites of passage
D)religious ceremonies
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is most important among processes of socialization?
A)learning speech
B)learning motor skills
C)assuming social statuses
D)asocial roles
Q2) When a child pretends to be his father in a make-believe game of "house," who is the child pretending to be?
A)a significant other
B)a generalized other
C)an authority figure
D)a developing "you"
Q3) Outline Mead's view of the development of the self.How would a functionalist or a conflict theorist evaluate Mead's view?
Q4) What do sociologists call a ceremony that signals the personal transformation from one status to another, and that ties the person to a new group?
A)an institutional ritual
B)an initiation rite
C)primary socialization
D)brainwashing
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Chapter 5: Social Interaction
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Sample
Questions
Q1) Many Canadians believe that the rich deserve their wealth.However, published data show that the majority of the richest Canadians have inherited their wealth and not earned it by hard work and enterprise.Which of the following concepts best accounts for this belief?
A)cultural standards
B)class consciousness
C)educational attainment
D)cultural scaffolding
Q2) Demonstrate how role conflict and role strain play out in a hypothetical workplace situation.
Q3) Damien smiles and greets passengers as they board the aircraft on which he is employed as a flight attendant.When an elderly person passes him, he looks at his co-workers and rolls his eyes.What do his smiles and friendly greetings exemplify?
A)role management
B)emotion management
C)front-stage behaviour
D)back-stage behaviour
Q4) Explain what role distance is and provide an example from your own experience.
Q5) Does role performance include freedom, constraint, or both? Give example(s).
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Chapter 6: Networks, Groups, Bureaucracies, and Societies
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the focus of the conflict theory approach to group conformity?
A)the ways that individuals can be mobilized to achieve group goals
B)the interpretations that group members can make of group goals
C)the ways that group inequalities can be strengthened by conformity
D)the ways that groups attempt to maximize the benefits of membership
Q2) With what kind of group are people interacting when they interact with others in their minds only?
A)a dominant group
B)a subordinate group
C)a primary group
D)a reference group
Q3) What does the informal side of bureaucracy consist of?
A)social groups
B)social networks
C)formal organizations
D)quality circles
Q4) What is the relation between group conformity and inequality?
Q5) Explain what is meant by organizational environment.
Q6) Define norms of solidarity and give examples.
Q7) Explain how in-groups and out-groups differ.Give examples.
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Chapter 7: Deviance and Crime
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Q1) Which individual is most likely to be stopped and searched by police while driving in a Canadian city?
A)Ted, a 35-year-old white executive
B)Blanche, a 45-year-old Asian housewife
C)Carl, a 25-year-old black Ph.D.student
D)Dmitri, an 18-year-old Russian store clerk
Q2) If the NHL institutes rules against violence in hockey, how will that action define violence?
A)as social diversion
B)as social deviance
C)as conflict crime
D)as consensus crime
Q3) According to the textbook, what has increased gender equality resulted in?
A)higher rates of women as victims of crime
B)higher rates of men as victims of crime
C)higher rates of female offenders
D)higher rates of male offenders
Q4) Are "consensus crimes," such as homicide, defined identically in all societies at all times? Why or why not? Use examples to support your position.
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Chapter 8: Social Stratification
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fifty-eight-year-old Maryann lost her job last year and has been unable to find another because employers think she is too old to hire and train.She has no family to assist her and is worried because her meagre savings are nearly depleted.What is the most probable outcome of this situation?
A)Maryann will fake a disability and defraud the government for benefits.
B)Maryann will receive money from an anonymous benefactor.
C)Maryann will eventually become homeless.
D)Maryann will organize a group of similarly situated older ex-employees to bring media attention to their plight.
Q2) Lifelong Toronto residents Ron and Carol spend almost 60 percent of their income on basic necessities.Poverty advocates consider them poor, because an average Torontonian household spends no more than 40 percent of income on basic necessities.Which definition of poverty are the advocates using?
A)relative poverty
B)absolute poverty
C)flexible poverty
D)substantial poverty
Q3) Compare human-capital and social-capital explanations of income inequality.
Q4) Define authority, according to Weber.Give an example.
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Chapter 9: Globalization, Inequality, and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which of the following theories does modernization theory have roots?
A)functionalism
B)conflict theory
C)symbolic interactionism
D)postmodernism
Q2) In which area of the world did the United States government use military intervention to resist land reform in order to protect U.S.commercial interests?
A)New Zealand and Tanzania
B)Taiwan and South Korea
C)South Africa
D)Latin America
Q3) Overall, technological progress is irrelevant to globalization.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The film Captain Phillips makes the point that piracy in the Indian Ocean began because local fisheries had been exhausted by foreign vessels.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are transnational corporations and where do they locate their activities?
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Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity
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Sample Questions
Q1) What determines whether a group will be defined as racial or ethnic?
A)cultural definition
B)social construction
C)cultural identity
D)biology
Q2) Gretchen and her friends wish to apply for government funding to organize "German Cultural Days." Which of the following makes it possible for them to do this?
A)public education policy
B)transnational communities policy
C)multiculturalism policy
D)ethnic entrepreneurship policy
Q3) From which of the following places were most immigrants to Canada in 2006 drawn?
A)Asia
B)Central and South America
C)the United States
D)Africa and the Middle East
Q4) Discuss to what extent some ethnic groups in Canada may become "transnational communities," and what this could mean for their future.
Q5) Define "vertical mosaic" and describe how it has changed over time.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Sexualities and Gender Stratification
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195 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Queer theory treats sexuality as feminism treats which of the following?
A)inequality
B)hierarchy
C)gender
D)conflict
Q2) What can be learned about gender socialization by analyzing Barbie dolls and other toys?
Q3) What percentage of Canadians today support wide social acceptance of homosexuality?
A)20%
B)40%
C)60%
D)80%
Q4) Which of the following refers to the alignment of sex, sexuality, gender, and gender roles in relations based on the binary categories of male and female?
A)gender identity
B)sex roles
C)heterosexuality
D)heteronormativity
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Chapter 12: Sociology of the Body: Disability, Aging, and Death
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nancy drove her car to the grocery store this morning and overhead a group of young people laughing and making nasty remarks that she was a danger to society because she was too old to be driving.What has Nancy just experienced?
A)ageism
B)senior chauvinism
C)the double standard
D)age stratification
Q2) Deanna has been visiting her mother every week in the nursing home for 3 years, but the last two months have been especially hard.Due to Alzheimer's, her mother does not know who Deanna is, and Deanna leaves each visit sobbing.What is Deanna experiencing?
A)She is grieving the inevitable physical death of her mother.
B)She is overwhelmed by the loss of her childhood memories.
C)She is experiencing the social death of her mother.
D)She is upset that her mother has to suffer with Alzheimer's.
Q3) Describe what ageism is and give examples.
Q4) Explain why the population of Canada is aging rapidly and discuss some of the challenges that this may bring with it for Canadians.
Q5) List the four activities involved in the body project, giving examples of each.
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Chapter 13: Work and the Economy
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148 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Communism is the name Karl Marx gave to the classless society that, he said, is bound to develop out of capitalism.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Kristin is a computer programmer for the provincial government.Which sector of the economy is she engaged in?
A)the primary sector
B)the secondary sector
C)the tertiary sector
D)the social reproduction sector
Q3) Studies conducted at the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company near Chicago demonstrated the need for a less dictatorial leadership style on the shop floor, and more attention to worker needs.What did this school of thought come to be known as?
A)hierarchy of needs management
B)human relations school of management
C)quality of work life movement
D)work-life balance movement
Q4) What advantages do multinationals have as actors in the globalization game?
Q5) Discuss how a sociologist would approach the issue of the minimum wage.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Politics
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140 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) International terror attacks around the world have been decreasing since 2003.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Why was the "most important election of the twentieth century" labelled this way by the authors of the text?
A)because it was the first time that the NDP formed the Government of Canada
B)because it brought in sweeping reforms to the Canadian Criminal Code
C)because it was linked to the North American Free Trade Agreement
D)because it signalled the rise of right-wing politics in Canada
Q3) Which theorist described authority across a range of ideal types?
A)Émile Durkheim
B)Max Weber
C)Karl Marx
D)W.E.B.Du Bois
Q4) What do we call the institution that specializes in exercising power and authority over the citizenry of a nation?
A)the authoritarian command apparatus
B)civil society
C)the coercive socio-political system
D)the state
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Chapter 15: Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) Marta has recently immigrated to Canada along with her parents and her young son.They share a house and she and her father work as janitors, while her mother takes care of Marta's son.This arrangement exemplifies which type of family?
A)a nuclear family
B)a traditional nuclear family
C)an extended family
D)a polyandrous family
Q2) Religious individuals are less likely to get divorced than non-religious individuals.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following people is most likely to be a lone parent today?
A)a heterosexual woman
B)a heterosexual man
C)a gay man
D)a lesbian
Q4) Twenty percent of North American women aged 40 to 44 have never given birth.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the effects of divorce on children?
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Chapter 16: Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is religiosity and how is it measured?
Q2) Which sociologist wrote The Protestant Ethic?
A)Karl Marx
B)Max Weber
C)Talcott Parsons
D)Émile Durkheim
Q3) Edna is almost 85 years old and has had three heart surgeries.In terms of her connection to religion, what would sociologists predict?
A)She would experience increased connection as she gets closer to dying.
B)She would experience decreased connection as she gets closer to dying.
C)She would experience the same level of connection as she had throughout her life.
D)She would experience no connection as she becomes more cynical.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT one of the "three Bs of religiosity"?
A)belonging
B)belief
C)benevolence
D)behaviour
Q5) Who scores highest on measures of religiosity in Canada today and why?
Q6) What is the collective conscience?
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the textbook, which of the following is NOT a factor that contributed to the spread of mass schooling?
A)the Protestant Reformation
B)industrialism
C)the promotion of communism
D)the development of the printing press
Q2) Describe what accounts for the spread of mass schooling.
Q3) The education system is second in importance today to which of the following agents of socialization?
A)media
B)family
C)religion
D)peers
Q4) Explain the differences between educational attainment and educational achievement.
Q5) Students who are accepting of the hidden curriculum are twice as likely to continue on to postsecondary education in Canada.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Mass Media and Mass Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the influence of the printing press.
Q2) Chelsea wears clearly labelled brand-name clothing and makes sure that everyone is aware that she owns an iPhone, a PVR, and a Toyota Yaris.What does her behaviour illustrate?
A)individualism
B)corporatism
C)consumerism
D)narcissism
Q3) Outline the changing characteristics of media ownership in Canada.
Q4) XYZ Communications owns a coliseum, a hockey team, several magazines and newspapers, a television network, and various retail outlets.What concept does this type of ownership reflect?
A)media bias
B)horizontal integration
C)vertical integration
D)media regulation
Q5) According to functionalists, what are the four functions of the mass media?
Q6) What is the "new media frontier"?
Q7) Compare and contrast functionalist and conflict theories on media effects.
Page 20
Q8) Do you think the United States is culturally imperialistic? Why or why not?
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Chapter 19: Health and Medicine
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the textbook, how is Canada's health care system generally viewed?
A)good for the rich; bad for the poor
B)a fool's paradise
C)a privatized system of care
D)socialized medicine
Q2) According to many scholars, the Black Death still ranks as the most devastating catastrophe in human history.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How is Canada's health care system described in the textbook?
A)It is publicly financed health care through self-employed physicians.
B)It is the world's leading example of totally socialized medical care.
C)It is run solely by the federal government which guarantees coverage.
D)It includes only physician services and prescription medications.
Q4) The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada reported in 2013 that the unemployment rate among newly graduated medical specialists was more than twice that of the average unemployment rate.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the Canadian public health system?
Page 21
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Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization
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Sample Questions
Q1) The idea that cities develop in ever-widening ripples outward is associated with which of the following theories?
A)urban sprawl theory
B)concentric zone theory
C)differentiation theory
D)urban expansion theory
Q2) Laval is a city located in southwestern Quebec that is connected to Montreal.How would sociologists classify Laval?
A)as an edge city
B)as a postmodern city
C)as an urban village
D)as a ruralized city
Q3) Erik has been studying population and has found a lot of evidence that declines in fertility often accompany declines in standards of living.Which theory does his finding seem to contradict?
A)modernization theory
B)dependency theory
C)Marxist theory
D)demographic transition theory
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Chapter 21: Collective Action and Social Movements
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Sample Questions
Q1) Absolute deprivation refers to the growth of an intolerable gap between the social rewards people expect to receive and those they actually receive.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to the textbook, why were people predisposed to participate in the 1907 Vancouver riot?
A)because of their class background
B)because of their occupation
C)because they felt deprived
D)because of their racist attitudes
Q3) During the World Trade Organization (WTO) protest in 1999 the government called in the National Guard, who arrested peaceful protestors and sprayed them with C<sub>2</sub> gas and rubber bullets.What are these actions an example of?
A)resource mobilization
B)political opportunism
C)social control
D)social strain
Q4) What are social movements?
Q5) What is meant by the phrase "the inherent irrationality of crowd behaviour"?
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Chapter 22: Technology and the Global Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) On the popular cartoon The Simpsons, Marge serves a three-eyed fish for dinner to Homer's boss, Mr.Burns, owner of the nuclear power plant.What point was Marge making?
A)Genetic mutations are examples of biodiversity.
B)Radioactive waste was contaminating the local water.
C)Air pollution from the power plant was destroying the ecosystem.
D)Fish are highly sensitive to pollution.
Q2) Shannon believes that all modern technological advances are harming the entire planet and she is starting a new Facebook group to organize resistance to them.What does Shannon feel that humans today live in?
A)a Frankenstein world
B)a technopoly
C)a multinational disaster zone
D)a risk society
Q3) "Normal accidents" refer to the idea that technology will not fail if human subjectivity can be removed from its implementation and operation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the dominant view of technology today?
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