Introduction to Sociology Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Introduction to Sociology offers students a foundational understanding of the scientific study of society, social institutions, and human interactions. Through exploring key sociological theories, research methods, and core concepts such as culture, socialization, group dynamics, social structure, inequality, and social change, this course equips learners with critical tools to analyze the ways in which society influences individual behaviors and shapes collective experiences. Students will also examine contemporary social issues and gain insights into the diverse factors affecting communities and identities in a globalized world.
Recommended Textbook
Investigating Social Problems 2nd Edition by A. Javier Trevino
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Sociology and Social Problems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Action to bring about large-scale social change is usually aimed at transforming the ______ and the pattern of interrelated social institutions.
A)interaction order
B)social norms
C)class system
D)social structure
Answer: B
Q2) What is intersectionality? Pick a social problem and explain why it is important to look at this problem from an intersectional perspective.How might our understanding of this problem be limited if we did not take an intersectional approach?
Answer: Intersectionality is the way demographic factors combine to affect people's experiences.Answers will vary based on the example.
Q3) The sociological imagination requires one to make connections between personal troubles and public issues.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Poverty and Class Inequality
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Q1) The culture of poverty thesis is very similar to ______ theory.
A)functionalist
B)labeling
C)social mobility
D)social status
Answer: B
Q2) ______ provides reduced-cost meals for students with incomes between 130% and 185% of the poverty line.
A)The Social Security Act
B)Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
C)The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
D)The School Lunch Program
Answer: D
Q3) In the United States,those in the top 10% of income possess ______ of the country's wealth.
A)40%
B)55%
C)75%
D)90%
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Race and Ethnicity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Between 2009 and 2011,the most common country of origin for persons obtaining naturalized U.S.citizenship was ______.
A)Canada
B)England
C)Mexico
D)Brazil
Answer: C
Q2) ______ is the modification of early 20th-century assimilation theory that challenges the traditional linear one-way progression.
A)Discrimination theory
B)Racialization theory
C)Segmented assimilation
D)Bumpy-line assimilation
Answer: D
Q3) Racial inequalities are conditioned not only by gender but also by social class.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) Queer theory primarily draws on which of the following theories?
A)doing gender and radical feminism
B)socialist feminism and sex role theory
C)sex role theory and liberal feminism
D)functionalist theory and ethnomethodology
Q2) Examining how gender works simultaneously with other identities such as race,social class,and sexuality is a good example of a(n)______ approach to the study of gender.
A)dysmorphic
B)socially constructed
C)feminist
D)intersectional
Q3) Sex role theory is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives?
A)structural functionalism
B)symbolic interactionism
C)conflict theory
D)integrative theory
Q4) Compare and contrast radical feminism,liberal feminism,and socialist feminism.What are the fundamental arguments of each?
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Chapter 5: Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Despite numerous social and medical concerns,college students seem to accept the hookup culture.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ______ is a cultural belief system in which men are expected to desire and seek sex,but women are expected to be sexual only within committed,romantic relationships.
A)Symbolic interactionist theory
B)Deviance
C)Double standard
D)Sex role theory
Q3) ______ is defined as the interplay between psychological processes and structural influences at work when people negotiate sexual desires and behaviors.
A)Habitus
B)Interactionism
C)Erotic habitus
D)Socialization
Q4) What is black feminist theory? Thoroughly describe how mass media representations of Black sexuality may have harmful consequences.
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Chapter 6: Aging
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Q1) Symbolic interaction assumes that individuals in a society communicate via cultural symbols and shared meaning.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In Japan,about ______of the population is estimated to be 65 or older in the year 2050.
A)10%
B)36%
C)40%
D)65%
Q3) Approximately 20% of older citizens rely on Social Security as their primary source of income.
A)True
B)False
Q4) All of the following are examples of agism EXCEPT______.
A)consistently depicting the elderly as slow or confused in television programs
B)not hiring a qualified individual because he or she is "too old"
C)requiring elderly employees to "hide their age" by dying their hair
D)taking an elderly relative to the doctor for a checkup
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Chapter 7: Education
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Q1) Approximately ______ of American adults possess only the most basic levels of literacy.
A)31%
B)22%
C)17%
D)25%
Q2) Code theory was developed by ______.
A)Basil Bernstein
B)Randall Collins
C)Willard Waller
D)Raymond Rist
Q3) Which sociologist theorized that education established a modern system of meritocracy?
A)Émile Durkheim
B)Talcott Parsons
C)Karl Marx
D)Randall Collins
Q4) According to Raymond Rist (1977),how do teacher expectations affect student performance? Describe an educational policy (real or imaginary)that has or could result from this research.
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Chapter 8: Media
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Q1) A sponsor activity is defined as the ______.
A)issue the media focuses on the most in a given period
B)way the news media defines a social problem
C)frequency with which the media focuses on a social problem in a given period of time
D)advocacy and promotional work of publicizing and advancing a specific interpretation of an issue
Q2) Which sociologist conducted the most in-depth investigation of the movies-delinquency relationship?
A)Fredric Thrasher
B)Karen Sternheimer
C)Herbert Blumer
D)Abigail C.Saguy
Q3) A high level of exposure to on-screen smoking in movies is associated with more positive beliefs about tobacco and higher rates of smoking.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Family
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Q1) Which theory views family systems as embedded in natural or human-made physical,social,and other environments?
A)family ecology theory
B)family life course development theory
C)social exchange theory
D)family systems theory
Q2) The United States first began to record statistics on divorce in what year?
A)1711
B)1867
C)1929
D)1973
Q3) ______ are people to whom one is not related by blood,marriage,or adoption but on whom one nonetheless depends.
A)Fictive kin
B)Roommates
C)Household members
D)Extended family
Q4) Briefly explain what intimate partner violence is and how it affects someone in a relationship.
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Chapter 10: Work and the Economy
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Q1) Which of the following was rated the most important factor contributing to job satisfaction?
A)wages,salaries,and benefits
B)job security
C)interactions with supervisors
D)respectful treatment of all employees at all levels
Q2) Civil rights laws forbid dismissals based on race,color,gender,creed,age,or national origin.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The legal practice that allows an employer to terminate a worker's employment even if no specific reason for the termination is given is ______.
A)employee at will
B)whistle blowing
C)frictional unemployment
D)lump of labor fallacy
Q4) How have union membership rates in the United States changed over the past two decades? What are three primary benefits of union membership for workers?
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Crime
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Q1) ______ crimes violate our moral conscience.
A)Mala in se
B)Mala prohibita
C)Mala regulates
D)Mala vera
Q2) Among property crimes,______ declined by the largest amount between 1995 and 2014.
A)burglary
B)larceny-theft
C)robbery
D)motor vehicle theft
Q3) Nationwide,the number of reported violent crimes and property crimes has increased over the past two decades.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Murder would be considered a ______ crime.
A)mala in se
B)mala prohibita
C)mala regulates
D)mala vera
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Drugs
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Q1) ______ theorists would be most likely to suggest that drug use is conditioned by the social structure of society,including inequalities of class,gender,race,and sexuality.
A)Functionalist
B)Conflict
C)Interactionist
D)Bureaucratic
Q2) A ______ theorist would be most likely to study what happens to a person's sense of self as he transitions from an "addict" to "sober" during recovery.
A)functionalist
B)conflict
C)interactionist
D)bureaucratic
Q3) According to functionalists,individuals will be less likely to abuse drugs if they feel a deeper connection to the community.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain social disorganization theory and how it affects the social environment.
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Chapter 13: Health
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Q1) Medicalization is the definition and treatment of social issues as medical problems.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Because they are private companies seeking to further their profits,pharmaceutical companies actually benefit from a ______.
A)decrease in diseases
B)sicker society
C)shift toward alternative medicine
D)healthier society
Q3) Alternative medicine shares many of the characteristics of orthodox medicine by focusing on institutional factors rather than on individual factors as the source of disease.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the relationship between gender and diagnosis of illness.Describe three factors that help explain differences in diagnosis rates between men and women.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: The Environment
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Q1) Realists argue that we can separate ecological problems from human relationships and social organization.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ______ is the assumption that environmental problems have an objective,scientific grounding.
A)Cognitive dissonance
B)Realism
C)Risk aversion
D)Greenwashing
Q3) What is ecological modernization? Describe the main tenets of ecological modernization and give an example to support your answer.Then discuss two important criticisms of ecological modernization.
Q4) In which theory are social experiences and environmental experiences intertwined?
A)socialization and environmental theories
B)risk theory
C)conflict theory
D)ecological theory
E)functional theory
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Chapter 15: Science and Technology
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Q1) About 9 in 10 global Internet users have been touched by a cybercrime such as identity theft,a computer virus,or online fraud.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A ______ view of progress sees technology as a means to fix social problems.
A)technosocial
B)megacratic
C)megasocial
D)technocratic
Q3) Approximately 62% of the scientists and engineers worldwide live in ______.
A)California
B)Chile
C)sub-Saharan Africa
D)industrialized nations
Q4) A ______ approach focuses on the meanings and practices of a technology by different actors.
A)structural functionalist
B)conflict theory
C)symbolic interactionist
D)social constructionist
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Chapter 16: War and Terrorism
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Q1) Historically,the United States was strikingly free of terrorist attacks,in part because of
A)law enforcement strategies targeted toward military,political,legal,intelligence,and policy measures
B)the focus on domestic terrorist groups
C)more aggressive law enforcement tactics
D)strategies targeted toward Islamic groups
Q2) The primary motive of ______ is to control valuable resources.
A)national wars
B)wars between borders
C)ethnic cleansing
D)globalized intrastate wars
Q3) ______ is defined as organized,collective fighting between at least one political unit that seeks political or economic control over a territory or other important resource and another political unit or social group.
A)War
B)Resource war
C)Global war
D)Civil
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Urbanization
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Q1) Which of the following is a characteristic of a gemeinschaft?
A)Relationships are primarily associational and based on calculating,economic exchanges.
B)Relationships are intimate and enduring,and interactions are guided by a mutual interest in the common good of the village.
C)Residents do not all share language,religion,and traditions.
D)Behavior and interaction are governed by external forces like the evolving criminal justice system.
Q2) The majority of immigrants coming to the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s were from South America.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Most urban sociologists begin with a social problem or phenomenon,then seek out places in the city or cities they're investigating where it happens.Even while allowing "local knowledge" to play a central role,urban culturalists still bring certain theories and "sensitizing concepts" with them into the field.They have contributed to and continue to cultivate six key areas of inquiry.Please list these six areas below.
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