Introduction to Sociology
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Introduction to Sociology provides an overview of the fundamental concepts, theories, and methods used to understand human society and social behavior. The course examines the structure and dynamics of groups, communities, and societies, exploring topics such as culture, socialization, social institutions, stratification, deviance, and social change. Through the study of sociological perspectives, students gain insight into the ways individuals and groups interact within various social contexts, and how social forces shape attitudes, values, and actions. The course encourages critical thinking about social issues and the development of a sociological imagination to better understand the complexities of social life.
Recommended Textbook
Diversity in Families 10th Edition by Maxine Baca Zinn
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14 Chapters
675 Verified Questions
675 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Images,Ideals,and Myths
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of all the images of family,the image of family as encumbrance has been around the longest.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Jessie Bernard's classic work on marriage revealed that
A) quality of marriages declines with number of children.
B) husbands and wives experience marriage in pretty much the same way.
C) every marital union actually contains his and hers marriages, and the two do not always coincide.
D) parents have less authority over their children than other societal experts.
Answer: C
Q3) To analyze the family using a sociological perspective,one must
A) promote the nuclear family ideal.
B) understand the larger social context in which families are embedded.
C) engage in micro-level analysis of family interaction.
D) all of the above
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Preindustrial Families and the Emergence of a Modern Family Form
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Sample Questions
Q1) Social history focuses primarily on the lives and experiences of upper-class individuals.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Evidence suggests that colonial children in New England were more sternly reared than those in other regions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Hareven's research on patterns in family history concludes that A) families are passive victims of social change.
B) community involvement is rare among early colonial families.
C) there is not a uniform pattern of change among all families toward a more modern level.
D) all immigrant groups have similar patterns of adjusting to family life in the United States.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: The Historical Making of Family Diversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term "accordion households" refers to
A) the growth of music lessons for middle-class children.
B) the tendency of families to become larger and larger.
C) the tendency of nuclear households to expand and contract, as needed.
D) the increasing incomes of families.
Answer: C
Q2) The "Tangle of Pathology" identified in the Moynihan Report was
A) the matriarchal family.
B) racial discrimination.
C) the high rate of crime.
D) drug abuse.
Answer: A
Q3) During the Great Depression,
A) the marriage rate fell to an all-time low.
B) birth rates increased.
C) families became more stable.
D) money became less important to family life.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Families and the New Economic Realities
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the Great Recession,the value of the average home plummeted by more than A) 10%.
B) 20%.
C) 30%.
D) 50%.
Q2) New technologies have magnified the connections among all peoples worldwide.
A)True B)False
Q3) Corporate decision making in the globalization of the economy is a neutral process.
A)True B)False
Q4) Real wages reached only reached their peak recently.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Manufacturing employment in the United States
A) increased throughout the 20 century.
B) has declined since 2000.
C) still accounts for more than half of all jobs.
D) was associated with low wages and poor benefits.
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Chapter 5: Families and Demographic Trends: the New
Immigration and the Aging of Society
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following groups of Latinos is most economically advantaged and educated?
A) Cubans
B) Puerto Ricans
C) Mexicans
D) Central and South Americans
Q2) Which of the following accurately describes the geographic distribution of the immigrant population?
A) The Asian population is concentrated on the West Coast of the United States.
B) California has a large concentration of Latinos.
C) Recent immigrants have tended to settle on the West Coast, the East Coast, and in the Southwest.
D) all of the above
Q3) Which of the following conclusions can be drawn about the elderly and gender?
A) Elderly women are more likely to be poor than elderly men.
B) Elderly women are more likely to be represented in the old-old category (85 or older) than are elderly men.
C) Elderly men are more likely to live with a spouse than are elderly women.
D) all of the above
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Class,Race,and Gender
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Q1) Race,class,and gender are hierarchies of stratification in U.S.society.Discuss how each of these is a system of power and subordination.
Q2) The concept of "underclass" in its common usage assumes that
A) family patterns among the poor are adaptations to material conditions they experience.
B) poor people are locked into poverty because of their maladaptive culture.
C) lower-class people have similar attitudes to the middle class, but limited opportunity structures.
D) all of the above
Q3) An important consequence of social stratification is diminished life chances for those on the bottom of the hierarchy.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The family economies of the middle class are distinguished from those of the lower and working classes by
A) middle class links with non-familial institutions, such as banks.
B) the higher likelihood of two-earner families.
C) the middle class tendency to depend on families for financial help.
D) none of the above
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Chapter 7: Meshing the Worlds of Work and Family
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Q1) According to the text,"kin work" refers to the labor of extended kin in family-owned businesses.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The term "work/family role system" refers to
A) uneven relationships to work and family based on gender.
B) programs where employees can select their work schedules to balance the needs of their families.
C) an employment situation in which a child care center is provided on the premises.
D) the conditions associated with performing a job.
Q3) Outline the range of family-supportive policies implemented by U.S.employers.How adequate are these supports in meeting family needs?
Q4) Which of the following is not true of teen employment?
A) The rate of employment is higher among African-Americans than Whites.
B) The rate of employment is higher among Whites than Hispanics.
C) The employment rate is higher among higher-income than lower-income teens.
D) Low-income teens tend to compete for jobs with low-income adults.
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Chapter 8: The Social Construction of Intimacy
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Q1) Dating and courtship behaviors vary with social class in which of the following ways?
A) The higher the class, the more control parents have over the dating activities of their children.
B) The lower the class, the more likely are youth to use structured activities for their cross-sex encounters.
C) Middle-class youth have less freedom of choice than their upper-class counterparts.
D) all of the above
Q2) Online dating and matchmaking has
A) increased among younger and older internet users.
B) been shown to lead to weak marriages.
C) been used by only a small percentage of individuals looking for a partner.
D) all of the above
Q3) The 1992 National Health and Social Life Survey used which survey method?
A) face-to-face interviews
B) paper survey
C) mailed survey
D) a combination of all of the above
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10
Chapter 9: Contemporary Marriages
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Sample Questions
Q1) Since 1970,the percentage of never-married individuals in the 30 to 34 age group in the United States has
A) declined by 10%.
B) remained the same.
C) tripled.
D) become overwhelmingly homosexual.
Q2) Which of the following couples is least likely to describe their marriage as happy?
A) a middle-class couple whose children are grown
B) a low-income couple with four children under the age of ten
C) a professional couple with one child
D) a recently married, childless working-class couple
Q3) This was the first state to legalize same-sex marriage.
A) Connecticut
B) Massachusetts
C) Maine
D) Vermont
Q4) What are the sources of power in marriage? How do these generally give more marital power to husbands than wives?
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Chapter 10: Parents and Children
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Q1) Several trends are cited in the text as factors contributing to the predominance of relatively small families in contemporary U.S.society.Discuss these trends and the consequences that small family size has for its members.
Q2) The number of children in a family is
A) negatively related to intellectual outcomes for children. Children from small families score higher on intelligence tests than children from large families.
B) usually greater in families with well-educated spouses.
C) insignificant in determining marital satisfaction of parents.
D) all of the above
Q3) According to the text,which of the following factors is not related to current fertility rates?
A) women's career considerations
B) the legalization of abortion in 1973
C) the divorce rate
D) the decline of religion in the United States.
Q4) Discuss the patterns for reaching a decision on voluntary childlessness that sociologists have identified among contemporary couples.
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12
Chapter 11: Violence in Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research suggests that cultural images of violence desensitize people to the seriousness of violence.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following factors is strongly associated with wife abuse?
A) verbally aggressive interaction patterns
B) alcohol abuse
C) inadequacy of husbands
D) all of the above
Q3) Women are the victims of approximately what percentage of spousal homicides?
A) 30%
B) 50%
C) 80%
D) 90%
Q4) The authors of the text believe that minorities are over-represented in official statistics on family violence.What explains this? Is it likely that middle-class Whites are under-represented in such statistics? Why or why not?
Q5) How do the norms of family privacy contribute to the proliferation of family violence?
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Chapter 12: Divorce and Remarriage
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Q1) Discuss the historical trends in divorce in the United States since 1860.What social and economic conditions account for the upward or downward swings in the divorce rate?
Q2) Among industrial nations,the United States has both a high marriage rate and a high divorce rate.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Allen Li argues the best way to look at the impact of divorce on children is to compare
A) children before and after divorce.
B) children soon after divorce and then much later after divorce.
C) children of divorced parents and children of non-divorced parents.
D) countries with different divorce rates.
Q4) The divorce rate among mixed-race couples is
A) lower than the national average.
B) higher than the rate for intraracial marriages.
C) elevated when the relationship involves a White woman married to a Black man.
D) approximately the same as the rate for racially homogamous marriages.
Q5) Discuss "his" and "her" divorce.How do the consequences of divorce differ for husbands and wives?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Emergent Families in the Global Era
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Q1) Demographers estimate that over one-quarter of young adults in the United States will choose singlehood as a permanent lifestyle.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The proportion of the U.S.population living in alternative domestic arrangements has increased markedly.Discuss the social and structural factors that have contributed to this increase.
Q3) With regard to gender differences in cohabiting individuals,research suggests that A) women cohabiters are more likely than men to desire marriage.
B) cohabiting men have a stronger permanent commitment to their partner than do women.
C) previously married women are more eager to move from cohabitation to marriage than are their male counterparts.
D) gender differences are insignificant.
Q4) According to the best estimates,approximately 20% of the U.S.population is homosexual.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Family Policy for the Twenty-First Century
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Sample Questions
Q1) Since 1970,benefits from which of the following assistance programs have risen five times as fast as the average family income?
A) AFDC
B) Free school lunches
C) Survivors Insurance (SI)
D) WIC
Q2) The conservative position on family policy holds that family forms are changing due to cultural and political factors.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is not a provision of the 1996 welfare legislation?
A) Children are entitled to assistance for as long as they need it.
B) Unmarried teen parents must live at home and go to school to receive assistance.
C) Welfare receipt is limited to a lifetime total of five years.
D) Federal funding for welfare is capped, with no provision for inflation or population growth.
Q4) Discuss the conservative and progressive understandings of families.How does each explain the family changes of recent decades?
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