Introduction to Social Work Research Solved
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Course Introduction
Introduction to Social Work Research offers students a foundational understanding of the principles, methodologies, and significance of research within the field of social work. This course explores both qualitative and quantitative research designs, emphasizing ethical considerations, data collection techniques, and the critical analysis of findings. Students will learn how to identify relevant research questions, review existing literature, and interpret data to inform practice and policy decisions. By engaging in practical exercises and case studies, students will develop the skills necessary to evaluate and apply research in a variety of social work contexts, thereby enhancing their ability to contribute to evidence-based practice.
Recommended Textbook
Essential Research Methods for Social Work 4th Edition by Allen Rubin
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Chapter 1: Why Study Research?
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is/are true about the need to critique research quality?
A)Practitioners can rely on researchers to produce good studies, and therefore only have to know the results of those studies.
B)If a research study gets published practitioners can be assured that it is of high quality.
C)Social work practitioners need to understand research methods so they can discriminate strong from weak studies.
D)All of these.
Answer: C
Q2) Our ego involvement can influence us to disregard evidence that contradicts our beliefs.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Explain what is meant by the statement,"Tradition and authority are the two-edged swords in the search for knowledge about the world."
Answer: No Answer
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3
Chapter 2: Evidence-Based Practice: The Research Process
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Q1) Even if an intervention has been supported by exceptionally strong research evidence,practitioners need to evaluate whether that intervention has been the best choice for their particular client.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The top-down and bottom-up approaches to searching for evidence are mutually exclusive.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q3) The term evidence-based practice is an extension of the term evidence-based medicine,which predated it.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Evidence-based practice implies career-long learning.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods of Inquiry
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true about quantitative and qualitative methods?
A)Data analysis in quantitative studies is likely to be more time-consuming than in qualitative studies.
B)The data analysis phase in qualitative studies tends to involve about the same amount of labor intensiveness and time as in quantitative studies.
C)Data analysis in qualitative studies is likely to be more time-consuming than in quantitative studies.
D)The data analysis phase in quantitative studies is more likely to involve a search for patterns and meanings in narratives than in qualitative studies.
)
Answer: C
Q2) The key feature of the social justice mixed methods design is the requirement that qualitative inquiry must precede quantitative inquiry.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Factors Influencing the Research Process
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Q1) Social work practice models,like theories,can influence the research process.
A)True
B)False
Q2) It is sometimes possible to predict something correctly and accurately even if we don't yet understand it.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe one way in which organizational or political concerns could influence social work researchers to modify their research plans.
Q4) A study of how the same clients discharged from a mental hospital in 2000 were functioning in 2001,2002,2003,and so on through 2007 would be
A)an inductive study
B)a qualitative study
C)a longitudinal study
D)a cross-sectional study
Q5) Contrast the inductive model of theory construction with the deductive model.Give examples of research that use each of these models.
Q6) How are theory and research linked? Give examples.
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Chapter 5: Ethical Issues in Social Work Research
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Q1) Illustrate how ethics and politics can affect social work research.
Q2) The ethical research issue(s)raised by the Trouble in the Tearoom study was/were:
A)invasion of privacy.
B)deception.
C)confidentiality.
D)invasion of privacy and deception.
Q3) Concealing the nature of the study from those being observed violates the norm of voluntary participation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Because social scientists rarely plan studies that could physically harm subjects,the issue of no harm to subjects is not a real problem.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The norm of voluntary participation threatens the social research goal of generalizability.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Culturally Competent Research
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Q1) Sampling with hidden and oppressed populations:
A)almost always should involve probability sampling methods.
B)should avoid using the researcher's judgment about finding potential participants.
C)often must utilize the snowball sampling method.
D)never should combine probability and non-probability sampling methods.
Q2) Describe the steps you would take to maximize the recruitment and retention of recently immigrated substance abusing Mexican American youths and their parents in a longitudinal evaluation of the effectiveness of a family-oriented substance program in Laredo (a US city located on the Texas-Mexico border).
Q3) When recruiting minority and oppressed populations in research studies,you should
A)use exactly the same informed consent procedures as with the majority population.
B)use the same types of advertisements or referral sources as with the majority population.
C)obtain endorsement for your study from community leaders.
D)avoid the use of community members as research staff.
Q4) Explain the difference between linguistic,conceptual and metric equivalence.
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Chapter 7: Problem Formulation
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Q1) Which of the following IS NOT an operational definition of marital satisfaction?
A)a score on a scale measuring marital satisfaction.
B)whether or not identified by a therapist as having marital problems.
C)amount of marital unhappiness.
D)number of derogatory statements made by spouses to each other.
Q2) Operationally define the concept child's school adjustment in three ways: once by using self-report,once by using direct observation,and once by using available records.Identify the advantages and disadvantages of each definition.
Q3) At what level of measurement is the variable number of future incidents of child neglect?
A)Nominal.
B)Ordinal.
C)Ratio.
D)Interval.
Q4) At what level of measurement is the variable ethnicity?
A)Nominal.
B)Ordinal.
C)Ratio.
D)Interval.
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Chapter 8: Measurement in Quantitative and Qualitative Inquiry
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Q1) An instrument is developed with the intent to measure whether the parenting skills of parents referred for child abuse or neglect improve after participation in a parenting education treatment program.The instrument is found to be valid when untreated parents referred for child abuse or neglect score much worse on it than model parents who are child therapists.Which of the following statements is/are true about the instrument?
A)It appears to have known groups validity.
B)Because it is valid, it can be relied upon to detect whether small, subtle improvements occur in the parenting skills of the parents who participate in the program.
C)It appears to have predictive validity.
D)All of these.
E)None of these.
Q2) Given a scale to measure family risk of child abuse or neglect,contrast a way to measure the criterion-related validity of the scale with a way to measure that scale's construct validity.
Q3) If a measure is reliable,it must also be valid.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain why if a scale is found to be valid,we can assume that it is reliable.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Quantitative and Qualitative Measurement
Instruments
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Q1) How does qualitative interviewing differ from quantitative interviewing?
Q2) The questionnaire item "Which is not a serious problem in the U.S.today,anomie or the socialization of the young?" violates which of the following guidelines?
A)Avoid double-barreled questions.
B)Avoid short items.
C)Avoid leading the respondent.
D)Avoid negative items.
Q3) Professor Milne was preparing to do some unstructured qualitative interviewing.Milne knew that you were a research-methods student and asked for your advice.You told Milne
A)to try not to alter the specific wording of questions.
B)to try to use the same probes with the same wording for each respondent.
C)to try not to alter the sequence of questions.
D)all of these.
E)none of these.
Q4) The best way to minimize problems resulting from the order in which items appear in a questionnaire is to randomize the order of the items.
A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Surveys
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Q1) The spread of telephone answering machines has improved the quality of data collected by telephone surveys.
A)True
B)False
Q2) For any survey to have any value,the response rate must be at least 50 percent.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of online surveys.
Q4) In general,strengths of survey research include
A)making large samples feasible.
B)showing causality.
C)flexible uncovering of deeper meanings for each respondent .
D)directly measuring what people actually do, not just what they say.
Q5) Because the rates under treatment approach to needs assessment looks only at those currently utilizing services,it is vulnerable to underestimating the true extent of need.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Identify five recommendations for conducting online surveys.
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Q7) Give a comparative analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of survey research.
Chapter 11: Sampling: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches
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Q1) Drawing a purposive judgmental sample
A)allows researchers to use their prior knowledge about the topic.
B)enlists the aid of uninformed respondents.
C)results in a sample that has no researcher bias.
D)ensures a representative sample.
Q2) Probability samples are advantageous to the researcher because A)the method by which they are selected limits conscious and unconscious sampling bias, and the accuracy or representativeness of the sample can be estimated. B)there is no sampling error whatsoever.
C)they always are perfectly and precisely representative of the population from which they are drawn.
D)all of these.
Q3) A sampling interval of 5 was used to select a sample from a population of 1,000.How many elements are to be in the sample?
A)5.
B)50.
C)100.
D)200.
E)1,000.
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Chapter 12: Experiments and Quasi-Experiments
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Q1) Suppose a case management program is established to reduce rehospitalization rates in a hospital and that those rates drop dramatically once the new program is established.We can conclude that
A)research has demonstrated an effective approach to practice.
B)causality cannot be inferred because time order was not established. C)another event occurring during the time of the study might explain away the change. D)the absence of covariation threatens the internal validity of any causal inferences.
Q2) An instrumentation effect occurs when
A)the instrument employed for the pretest has an effect that shows up on the posttest. B)the measurement instrument is changed from the pretest to the posttest. C)there is a change on the dependent variable from the pretest score to the posttest score.
D)all of these.
Q3) The one-group pretest-posttest design controls for passage of time.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain what is meant by internal and external validity.
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Chapter 13: Single Case Evaluation Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Target problems can be quantified in terms of their A)frequency.
B)duration.
C)magnitude.
D)all of these.
Q2) In single-case experiments,direct observation is always better than using self-report scales or available records.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Multiple measurement points during baseline control for statistical regression. A)True
B)False
Q4) Suppose you instruct a couple to have a typical conversation while you observe them in your office.This would be an example of A)unobtrusive observation.
B)research reactivity.
C)obtrusive observation.
D)interval recording.
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Chapter 14: Program Evaluation
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Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is/are true about carrying out experiments and quasi-experiments in social agencies
A)The intervention being tested might not be implemented in the intended fashion.
B)The control condition might be contaminated by interaction between clients in the experimental and control groups.
C)Practitioners might violate the research protocol for case assignment to make sure that clients receive the intervention being evaluated.
D)Reluctance by outside agencies to refer clients might hinder obtaining a sufficient sample size.
E)All of these.
Q2) What are the special problems that program evaluators encounter that other types of researchers are less likely to encounter?
Q3) Program evaluators should involve stakeholders in planning an evaluation. A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss how qualitative methods can be used to try to avoid or alleviate the pitfalls identified above in essay number 5.
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Chapter 15: Additional Methods in Qualitative Inquiry
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Q1) In comparison to quantitative research methods,what are the major strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research methods?
Q2) Using the life-history method,researchers ask open-ended questions to discover how participants in a study understand the significant events and meanings in their own lives.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Qualitative research is especially effective for A)descriptive research.
B)providing a comprehensive perspective to the researcher.
C)meeting the scientific norm of generalizability.
D)meeting the scientific norm of precision.
Q4) Field notes should record what you "know happened," NOT what you "think" has happened.
A)True B)False
Q5) An informant is one of your colleagues who attempts to gain membership into the group being studied. A)True
B)False
17
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Chapter 16: Analyzing Available Records: Quantitative and Qualitative Methods
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true about the strengths or weaknesses of content analysis?
A)It is likely to be economical in terms of time and money.
B)It is hard to correct mistakes.
C)It cannot study processes that occur over time.
D)It is obtrusive.
Q2) A researcher using official government documents need not be concerned about the reliability of those records.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe the dangers to keep in mind when using primary sources in historical research.Discuss how you would attempt to protect against these dangers.
Q4) Historical research can involve quantitative as well as qualitative methods. A)True B)False
Q5) Historical analysis can overlap with content analysis. A)True B)False
Q6) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of secondary analysis.
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Chapter 17: Quantitative Data Analysis
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Q1) A research article reports that clients who received Intervention A had a 30% recidivism rate,while clients who received Intervention B had a 40% recidivism rate.What can be inferred from these statistics?
A)Intervention A is more effective than Intervention B.
B)The difference in recidivism rates was due to chance.
C)The difference in recidivism rates was NOT due to chance.
D)None of these.
Q2) The results are statistically significant.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In an evaluation of an intervention that seeks to increase self-esteem scores,if the mean of the experimental group is 60,the mean of the control group is 50,and the standard deviation of the control group is 5,the Cohen's d effect size is:
A)5
B)2
C)10
D)0.10
E)60
Q4) Define and explain how to calculate odds ratios and risk ratios.
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Chapter 18: Qualitative Data Analysis
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Q1) Qualitative researchers do NOT use the computer to:
A)Record and store data
B)"Find" or "search" text for passages containing key words
C)Type code words alongside passages in their notes so that they can later search for those keywords.
D)Analyze data
E)Qualitative researchers use the computer to do all of these.
Q2) If Wang from the previous question decided to look at whether grandparents who have grandchildren living with them later obtain custody of the grandchildren and then later adopt the grandchildren,Wang would be looking at:
A)Frequencies
B)Causes
C)Processes
D)Structures
E)Magnitudes
Q3) Describe how concept mapping is used in qualitative analysis.
Q4) Describe how memoing,is used in qualitative analysis
Q5) Describe how coding is used in qualitative analysis.
Q6) Describe the open coding process.
20
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