Introduction to Social Sciences Exam Review
Course Introduction
Introduction to Social Sciences provides students with a broad overview of the various disciplines that make up the social sciences, including sociology, psychology, anthropology, economics, political science, and geography. The course explores the fundamental concepts, theories, and research methods used to study human behavior and society, examining how individuals, groups, and institutions interact within different cultural, political, and economic contexts. Through readings, discussions, and case studies, students gain critical thinking skills and a deeper understanding of the social forces that shape our world, preparing them for more advanced studies in the social sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Experience Sociology 3rd Edition by David Croteau
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17 Chapters
1701 Verified Questions
1701 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Sociology in a Changing World
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Auguste Comte is associated with which foundation of sociological thought?
A) positivism
B) structural-functionalism
C) conflict
D) postmodernity
Answer: A
Q2) In his study of suicide, Emile Durkheim argued that egoistic suicides were the result of
A) too much integration.
B) too little integration.
C) too much regulation.
D) too little regulation.
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following characteristics is NOT part of the move toward modernity?
A) the growth of democracy
B) the shift to urban living spaces
C) a move towards industrial economies
D) an increased confidence in religion
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Understanding the Research Process
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101 Verified Questions
101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Laud was interested in what type of men engaged in anonymous homosexual sex in public places. He spent time in a public bathroom where men engaged in sex with other men, and he secretly observed the types of men who visited the bathroom. What kind of research was he conducting?
A) intensive interviewing
B) content analysis
C) field research
D) secondary data analysis
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is one way a researcher can ensure confidentiality?
A) ensuring that participants understand the research process
B) keeping a list of participant contact information
C) including the names of participants in the final report
D) changing personal details that might identify a person
Answer: D
Q3) An experiment is any research that collects data for analysis.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Culture
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following descriptions would be evidence of marginalization from the dominant culture?
A) "women's history"
B) "the white community"
C) "middle-class literature"
D) "straight bar"
Answer: A
Q2) Historically, which group is most likely to have access to and experience high culture?
A) artists
B) the wealthy
C) those in the fashion industry
D) women
Answer: B
Q3) What is the difference between a more and a folkway?
A) Mores are more strictly enforced than folkways.
B) They are similar and can be used interchangeably.
C) Folkways are more severe than mores.
D) Violating a folkway may lead to public shame.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Social Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to a national survey of U.S. teenagers, what is the most common way that teens today "spend time" with their friends?
A) text messaging
B) talking on the phone
C) hanging out in one another's house
D) connecting through social media
Q2) An increase in the number of which of the following would indicate that the role of women in our society has evolved?
A) grocery stores
B) beauty salons
C) childcare centers
D) public parks
Q3) How can both an organization and a conversation be social structures?
A) Both rely on routines and recurring patterns of behavior to function smoothly.
B) Each has hard and fast rules that govern how they unfold.
C) Each is very informal and relies on the creativity of the participants to function smoothly.
D) Both always rely on formalized written rules.
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6
Chapter 5: Power
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ideology that justifies the capitalist system of stratification is centered on A) the role of wealth.
B) individual achievement.
C) the role of the state.
D) progressive innovation.
Q2) Democratic socialism emphasizes A) individual sacrifice.
B) economic equality.
C) state control over the individual.
D) limited freedom.
Q3) The major source of presidential campaign contributions is A) corporations.
B) average Americans.
C) anonymous online donors.
D) foreign donors.
Q4) Max Weber conceived of class as the opportunity related to a person's economic position.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which agent of socialization is most focused on teaching cultural knowledge?
A) the government
B) religious institutions
C) the media
D) schools
Q2) Which theoretical perspective does Charles Horton Cooley represent?
A) functionalist
B) symbolic interactionism
C) conflict
D) feminist
Q3) Which group is usually the most important socializing agent when we are children?
A) family
B) friends
C) teachers
D) schools
Q4) Day care, preschool, or kindergarten is many children's first form of socialization outside of the family.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Interaction, Groups, and Organizations
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a status category?
A) a status that individuals can hold in common
B) a status to which an individual is assigned
C) a social status that an individual achieves
D) all the social statuses that a person holds
Q2) What is the three-step process that Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann believe individuals go through as they construct reality?
A) externalization, objectivation, internalization
B) embodiment, objecting, internalizing
C) internalization, externalization, objectivation
D) defining, believing, constructing
Q3) A social group decides that the length of someone's big toe represents how intelligent and trustworthy that person is. Soon those with longer big toes have a higher social standing. Though the criteria may seem silly, it becomes a very real way group members are differentiated. This illustrates which sociological concept?
A) intersubjectivity
B) Thomas theorem
C) in-group
D) reference group
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement best describes recidivism rates in the United States?
A) Three-quarters are rearrested within five years.
B) Recidivism is low.
C) Many programs exist to prevent recidivism.
D) A majority commit new crimes.
Q2) Ex-prisoners have a difficult time reintegrating into the community. Which is the most stubborn obstacle that prevents their transition into normal life?
A) broken ties to community
B) stigma attached to their criminal status
C) lack of employment opportunity
D) lack of education
Q3) Divorce was once considered deviant, and in many parts of the world, it still is. Americans today hardly think of divorce as something abnormal. Which reason is responsible for the redefinition of divorce as no longer deviant?
A) change in social context
B) social progress
C) decline in morality
D) decline in religious authority
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Chapter 9: Class and Global Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the United States, the number of manufacturing jobs has been decreasing because companies are exporting the labor to other nations, which allows for cheaper production of goods. Which term refers to what is happening in the United States?
A) industrialization
B) deindustrialization
C) post-modernization
D) modernization
Q2) Memberships in social groups that have the potential to be economically valuable are known as
A) cultural resources.
B) cultural capital.
C) social resources.
D) social capital.
Q3) Investment income is money spent on building and expanding factories, businesses, and other sources of revenue.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity
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Sample Questions
Q1) All the following statements are true regarding Arab Americans and the Arab world <b>EXCEPT</b> that
A) individuals from Lebanon comprise the largest subgroup of Arab Americans.
B) Arab Americans hold graduate degrees at nearly double the rate of Americans as a whole.
C) almost all Arab Americans are Muslim.
D) more than 80 percent of the world's Muslims live outside the Arab world.
Q2) Government and private-sector policies that discriminated against minorities and gave whites advantages are described by Oliver and Shapiro as A) white entitlement.
B) the racialization of the state.
C) Jim Crow laws.
D) governmental discrimination.
Q3) Which of the following policies was part of the racialization of the state?
A) Schools were racially segregated and unequal.
B) Blacks were barred from certain occupations.
C) Blacks were prevented from selling to whites.
D) All these answers are correct.
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Chapter 11: Gender and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Joan Huber, what is the main reason for the pervasiveness of patriarchy?
A) Men refuse to share power with women.
B) Men are physically stronger than women.
C) Women are more tied to reproduction.
D) Women benefit from patriarchal arrangements.
Q2) Tommy wears his hair cut short and enjoys rebuilding his car. When he is older, he wants to become a lawyer and a father. These traits and aspirations are called
A) his gender identity.
B) gender roles.
C) his gender expression.
D) gender socialization.
Q3) Which of the following does NOT provide evidence that sexuality is socially constructed?
A) Some acts, such as kissing, are seen as disgusting in some cultures.
B) Individuals are born with an innate drive to procreate.
C) There is variation in how often individuals should have sex to be considered "normal."
D) Oral sex is common in some cultures but not in others.
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Chapter 12: Family and Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) During which decade was the traditional family idealized?
A) 1930s
B) 1940s
C) 1950s
D) 1960s
Q2) Which American political party was increasingly supported by Christian fundamentalists beginning in the 1970s?
A) the Republicans
B) the Democrats
C) the Tea Party
D) the Green Party
Q3) Which denomination welcomes diverse beliefs about the existence of a higher power?
A) Amish
B) Unitarian Universalists
C) Calvinists
D) Buddhists
Q4) The family is a key social institution.
A)True
B)False
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Education and Work
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is tracking?
A) placing students into different curricular paths by ability level
B) placing all students into the same ability group
C) placing students into different grades by age
D) placing students into different subject areas that are equivalent in academic level
Q2) According to sociologists, the educational system in America has been the great equalizer, or at least a primary means by which inequality has been eradicated.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How does allocative discrimination contribute to the gender wage gap?
A) Employers devalue occupations dominated by women.
B) Women earn less money than men for performing the same job.
C) Hiring and promotion processes place women in lower-paying jobs.
D) Socialization patterns encourage women to choose lower-paying jobs.
Q4) Occupational prestige is always positively related to the average income of an occupation; the more money earned, the more prestigious the occupation.
A)True
B)False
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Media and Consumption
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is it difficult for researchers to truly determine people's level of media use?
A) There is no such thing as a "typical" media user.
B) Most people under-report their media use because they simply are not aware of all the media surrounding them.
C) Most people over-report their media use because they want to appear to be as "tech-savvy" as the media portray Americans to be.
D) None of the answers are correct.
Q2) How do the "new" media and traditional mass media compare?
A) They are essentially the same thing; there are simply more cable channels today.
B) In new media there are blurrier boundaries between user and receiver of media messages.
C) In traditional media, there is a "many-to-many" web of messages being exchanged. D) In traditional media, there is a clear distinction between consumers and creators of media.
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16
Chapter 15: Communities, the Environment, and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is typical of a Gesellschaft type of social organization?
A) social isolation and deviance
B) deep and lasting social ties
C) focus on community wellbeing
D) lack of privacy
Q2) The process of urbanization in the developing world follows a pattern similar to urbanization in nineteenth-century Europe and the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The type of work you do can impact the type of health problems you experience.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Formal community studies have their roots in the work of
A) Emile Durkheim.
B) Jane Addams.
C) Ferdinand Tönnies.
D) Max Weber.
Q5) Urbanization today must be understood in the context of global dynamics.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Politics and the Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Capitalism as an economic system has proven most successful in
A) creating a truly competitive market.
B) increasing living standards for everyone.
C) contributing to democracy.
D) increasing productivity and innovation.
Q2) Military spending in the United States represents approximately what percentage of the world's military budget?
A) 12 percent
B) 19 percent
C) 25 percent
D) 36 percent
Q3) Countries with ________, such as Canada, were able to weather the financial storm of 2008 almost unaffected.
A) more capital reserves
B) more stable governments
C) strong banking regulation
D) marginal economic systems
Q4) Profit is the way we measure success or failure in a capitalist system.
A)True
B)False
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Social Change: Globalization, Population, and Social Movements
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Sample Questions
Q1) The United States has the highest percentage of foreign-born individuals of any country in the world.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Censorship and manipulation of Internet content is one way that governments that oppose democracy fight against pro-democracy movements.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Successful social movements are generally able to ________ alter social values in order to bring about change.
A) radically
B) rapidly
C) partially
D) completely
Q4) The globalization of culture is a somewhat unilateral process; not all parties enjoy the same cultural influence.
A)True
B)False
Page 19
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