Introduction to Social Psychology Final Exam
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Course Introduction
Introduction to Social Psychology explores the scientific study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in social contexts. The course examines foundational theories and key concepts in areas such as social perception, attitude formation and change, group dynamics, conformity, prejudice, interpersonal attraction, and prosocial behavior. Through lectures, discussions, and research-based evidence, students gain insights into the ways social influences shape behavior and develop an understanding of how to apply social psychological principles to real-world situations.
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THINK Social Psychology 1st Canadian Edition by Kimberley Duff
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is most true concerning social psychology's relationship to other disciplines?
A) Social psychology can help answer research questions relevant to economists but not business leaders.
B) Social psychology has little utility for other disciplines and social psychologists primarily work alone.
C) Social psychology can help researchers in many other disciplines and the possibilities for interacting with other areas are abundant.
D) Social psychology is not relevant to other disciples because it focuses too much on the role of social factors.
Answer: C
Q2) During the 1990s, which of the following became a research topic of greater interest to social psychologists?
A) The role of biology
B) The role of personality traits
C) The role of culture
D) The role of cognition
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: The Science of Social Psychology
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Q1) You routinely stop at a nearby restaurant every Friday to pick-up your favourite tuna-melt sandwich. During your latest visit, you are shocked to learn that the sandwich you love so much has been taken off the menu because it is not very popular among customers. Your surprise can best be explained by _____________.
A) the 'I knew it all along' phenomenon
B) hindsight bias
C) the false uniqueness effect
D) the false consensus effect
Answer: D
Q2) Daniel cheated on his college history exam and believes that, like himself, almost every student cheats on an exam at least once or twice. Assuming he is incorrect, Daniel's tendency to overestimate the extent to which others cheat is known as
A) hindsight bias
B) the false consensus effect
C) the 'I knew it all along' phenomenon
D) the overestimation effect
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Social Cognition
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Q1) John likes to read books and spends a great deal of time in the library. The tendency to conclude that John is more likely to be a university professor than a mechanic is an example of using the _____________ heuristic.
A) representativeness
B) availability
C) anchoring and adjustment
D) framing
Answer: A
Q2) Once they are formed, schemas are easy to change.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) _____________ refers to how common a behaviour or characteristic is in the population.
A) The base rate
B) Anchoring and adjustment
C) Framing
D) The basic rate
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Self
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Q1) Increasing self-awareness is one way to motivate people to change their behaviour to match their personal standards.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When we predict the impact of a future event on our emotional state we are usually correct in estimating how we will feel.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ____________ refers to a self-protection strategy in which we are likely to believe that external factors are responsible for situations in which we perform poorly.
A) Self-serving attribution
B) Self-fulfilling prophecy
C) Cognitive distortion bias
D) False consensus
Q4) One way people cope with failure is to blame external factors for a negative event.
A)True
B)False
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6
Chapter 5: Social Perception
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Q1) You see a man bump into and knock over an elderly woman crossing the street without stopping to help her up. According to the phenomenon of spontaneous trait inference, you would likely assume the man: A) didn't realize he knocked the elderly women over. B) had an emergency and needed to hurry. C) was unkind. D) was feeling sick.
Q2) Self-verification refers to the notion that we want others to see us the way we see ourselves.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In general, research suggests that we are __________ at detecting lies.
A) excellent
B) 100% accurate
C) very bad
D) slightly better than chance
Q4) Describe the correspondence inference theory.
Q5) How would the primacy effect influence your impression of someone else?
Q6) Why are nonverbal cues important for understanding other people's thoughts and behaviours?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Attitudes
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Q1) Valins (1966) exposed male students to "centrefolds" and mislead participants to believe they experienced a greater response to a particular photograph. When given the option, most men chose to take home the "centerfold" that they thought got their heart rates up. What does this study demonstrate?
A) Emotions often follow behaviours
B) Cognitive dissonance reduction
C) Post-decision dissonance
D) Self-affirmation theory
Q2) If we experience some form of reinforcement for a behaviour, our attitude should become more positive toward that behaviour.
A)True
B)False
Q3) George works in a modelling agency and often must decide whether people are attractive are not. According to ________, George are more likely to categorize other individuals in terms of their ________.
A) specificity; status
B) chronic accessibility; beauty
C) cognitive dissonance; intelligence
D) attitudes; behaviour
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Page 8
Chapter 7: The Power of Persuasion
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Q1) For a fear-based appeal to be most effective, it should be as scary as possible.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Suppose you are going to be giving a presentation to stop illegal online sharing of music and movies. You want to convince the crowd of your perspective, but your argument is weak. Consider source, message, and audience characteristics and describe one way, for each category, you could increase the persuasiveness of your argument.
Q3) Sally is running for governor and is producing a campaign advertisement defending her stance on immigration reform. Research shows that the MOST effective advertisement she could make would:
A) outline her plans for immigration reform without mentioning her opponent's plan.
B) be shorter and vaguer than her opponent's.
C) present both her and her opponent's views, and refute her opponent's position.
D) focus just on slandering her opponent.
Q4) Persuasion is always something to be resisted.
A)True
B)False
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Social Influence
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Q1) A salesperson is trying to sell you a new cellphone. She tells you the price is $69.99. When she sees your hesitation, she then says she'll throw in a free phone charger and case. Suddenly you're much more interested in making the purchase because it now seems like a better deal. What compliance technique is being applied to convince you to purchase the phone?
A) That's-not-all technique
B) Foot-in-the-door technique
C) Lowball technique
D) Door-in-the-face technique
Q2) Increasing the distance from an authority figure would be one way an individual could resist obedience.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Jerry Burger's work on obedience suggests that people in today's society are much more likely to resist authority figures than those individuals tested back in the 60s by Stanley Milgram.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Define and describe the chameleon effect. Provide an example.
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Chapter 9: The Power of the Group
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Q1) The three antecedent conditions associated with deindividuation are anonymity, arousal, and_________.
A) increased feelings of responsibility
B) reduced feelings of responsibility
C) anti-social personality tendencies
D) poor impulse control
Q2) According to your text, when do biased perceptions most often occur?
A) In groups or individuals in powerful or controlling positions
B) In groups or individuals with very little social status
C) In collectivist cultures
D) In individualistic cultures
Q3) GRIT appears to work on the basis of the ability of both parties to do which of the following?
A) Carefully support the viewpoint of their own party
B) Argue convincingly
C) Make concessions
D) Hold firm to their convictions
Q4) Briefly describe the four primary social decision schemes that are employed in various situations.
Q5) Name and describe the three factors that may lead to arousal.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
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Q1) Which of the following statements concerning stereotypes can be considered FALSE?
A) Stereotypes can be useful because they supply basic information about our social world.
B) Once a stereotype has formed, it can be difficult to change.
C) People have a tendency to ignore new information that does not support their stereotype.
D) Stereotypes do not change.
Q2) Merely watching a lecture or a video is enough to change prejudiced attitudes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Do stereotypes always result in negative consequences? Support your answer with an example from your textbook, and be sure to include the role of the self-fulfilling prophecy.
Q4) The notion that people 'get what they deserve' is associated with which of the following biases?
A) Just-world hypothesis
B) Ultimate attribution error
C) Ingroup favouritism
D) Outgroup homogeneity effect
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Chapter 11: Aggression
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Q1) A mom throws a dish in anger. Her child picks up a different dish and throws it immediately after watching her aggressive behaviour. The child is:
A) modelling his mother's behaviour.
B) displaying implicit aggression.
C) displaying instrumental aggression.
D) acting instinctually and displaying implicit aggression.
Q2) Research by Berkowitz and colleagues suggests that aggressive cues in the environment, such as a gun, can lead to:
A) decreased aggression.
B) increased aggression.
C) the same level of aggression as a neutral cue.
D) increased central route processing and increased aggression.
Q3) The correlation between alcohol consumption and aggressive behaviour is best characterized as:
A) nonlinear.
B) positive.
C) negative.
D) negative and nonlinear.
Q4) Briefly name and describe two strategies for reducing aggression.
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Chapter 12: Attraction and Close Relationships
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Q1) You might guess that John, who has high self-esteem and high interpersonal trust, is securely attached.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The repulsion hypotheses states that people of similar levels of attractiveness will be more likely to form a long-lasting relationship.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Stephanie has dated her boyfriend, Johnny, for 11 years. Although she feels the relationship is not working anymore, she is hesitant to break things off because she has devoted so much time and energy to their relationship. In this example, the time that Stephanie has spent with her boyfriend can be considered:
A) a waste of time.
B) an emotional burden.
C) an investment.
D) both a waste of time and an emotional burden.
Q4) Women are more likely than men to use stonewalling in their relationships.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Prosocial Behaviour
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Q1) ________ are more likely to receive help than are _________.
A) Heterosexuals; homosexuals
B) Homosexuals; heterosexuals
C) Liberals; conservatives
D) Conservatives; liberals
Q2) _______ describes the five steps that must be met before a bystander will intervene to help in an emergency.
A) The decision model of bystander intervention
B) The empathy-altruism model of prosocial behaviour
C) The cost-benefit analysis model
D) The egoistic relief model
Q3) The empathy-altruism model of prosocial behaviour emphasizes that:
A) people only help when they receive rewards.
B) people can help for selfless and altruistic reasons.
C) people will help to improve their mood.
D) people only help for selfish reasons.
Q4) People always welcome help from others.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How could the enlightenment effect be useful for increasing prosocial behaviour?
Page 15
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