Introduction to Research Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Introduction to Research provides students with foundational knowledge and skills necessary to understand, evaluate, and conduct research across various disciplines. The course covers key concepts such as the scientific method, research design, data collection techniques, ethical considerations, and basic data analysis. Students will learn how to formulate research questions, review scholarly literature, and critically assess the validity and reliability of research findings. By engaging in practical exercises and discussions, students will develop the ability to apply research principles to academic, professional, and real-world problems.
Recommended Textbook
Practical Research Planning and Design 12th Edition by Paul D. Leedy
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13 Chapters
274 Verified Questions
274 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Nature and Tools of Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A specific mechanism or strategy the researcher uses to collect,manipulate,or interpret data is known as a(n):
A)research methodology.
B)research tool.
C)research hypothesis.
D)research resource.
Answer: B
Q2) The primary purpose of inferential statistics is to:
A)organize and summarize the data.
B)turn qualitative data into meaningful numbers that can be interpreted.
C)measure social and psychological phenomena in an unbiased way.
D)help the researcher draw conclusions from the data.
Answer: D
Q3) A specific mechanism or strategy the researcher uses to collect,manipulate,or interpret data is known as a:
A)research tool.
B)research method.
C)statistical test.
D)theory.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: The Problem: the Heart of the Research Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following represents a research hypothesis?
A)Class A high school basketball teams who employ a sports psychologist will have a higher proportion of wins over the course of the season than comparable teams who do not employ a sports psychologist.
B)There will be no difference in rate of skill improvement between college gymnasts who practice meditation and those who do not.
C)Does incorporating relaxation exercises into the daily practice routine of college vocal majors enhance their performance confidence?
D)None of the above
Answer: A
Q2) "What proportion of workers hired by selected factories in the state of Oklahoma between 1995 and 2000 held four-year college degrees?" The chief weakness of this research problem is that:
A)it lacks clarity or completeness in the problem statement.
B)it implies only description of the data,not interpretation.
C)it does not lead to the creation/discovery of new information.
D)studying the question as stated is not feasible.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Review of the Related Literature
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Sample Questions
Q1) While reading and taking notes on research in her area of interest,Dana wrote down quotations from each article,along with the page numbers.As she begins to synthesize the information and write her literature review,her best strategy is to:
A)include the quotations and their sources to ensure she's correctly representing the previous findings.
B)paraphrase the quotations to demonstrate she understands the content.If it's paraphrased,she does not need citations.
C)use key quotations,with full references,and then explain what they mean in the context of her research.
D)summarize the main points in her own words and include the relevant citations to the original work.
Answer: D
Q2) Direct quotations from other people's writing should ________.
A)never be used in your literature review
B)frequently be used in your literature review
C)minimally used in your literature review
D)comprise the majority of your literature review
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Planning Your Research Project
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a qualitative researcher asks the participants,"Do the conclusions I've drawn make sense to you" the researcher is evaluating:
A)the trustworthiness of the study.
B)the reliability of the study.
C)the external validity of the study.
D)the Hawthorne effect.
Q2) The primary role of the IRB is to
A)ensure researchers are aware of federal and state laws regarding the handling of data.
B)ensure that research participants are protected from harm and invasion of privacy.
C)provide institution-specific ethical guidelines for research involving humans.
D)evaluate whether the researchers are qualified and the research will be meaningful.
Q3) The main difference between an interval and a ratio scale is that only one of them:
A)includes an absolute zero.
B)uses equal units of measurement.
C)supports the use of statistical analyses.
D)is used in research with human subjects.
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6
Chapter 5: Writing the Research Proposal
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Sample Questions
Q1) After introducing the research problem in a quantitative study,a well-organized research proposal typically proceeds with a:
A)methodology section.
B)review of the literature.
C)conclusion.
D)discussion section.
Q2) When explaining how the data are to be analyzed and interpreted:
A)it is best to provide only a general plan as things will probably change over the course of the study anyway.
B)it is best to be as detailed as possible so all contingencies related to analysis and interpretation can be anticipated.
C)it is impossible to be highly detailed until one has the actual data in hand.
D)an overly specific plan may bias the analyses or interpretation,impairing the validity of the study.
Q3) In regard to quantitative research proposals,novice researchers often find it very challenging and tedious to explain in detail how the data will be analyzed and interpreted in their study.Explain why it is essential that the researcher not cut corners in this section of the proposal.
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Chapter 6: Descriptive Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jody is interested in studying home schooling because she thinks that students who are home-schooled can't develop appropriate social skills.As part of her study she will be observing home-schooled children in social settings.Jody's planned study is particularly susceptible to
A)response bias.
B)researcher bias.
C)sampling bias.
D)instrumentation bias.
Q2) A researcher wishes to study developmental changes in the music people prefer to listen to.The researcher locates 50 people who are about 20 years old.She sends these people a questionnaire every year for the next 10 years asking about the types of music they prefer to listen to.This is an example of which type of design?
A)longitudinal
B)nested
C)cross-sectional
D)panel
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Chapter 7: Experimental, quasi-Experimental, and Ex Post Facto Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Dow Jones wants to know whether a problem-based approach to teaching economics will result in higher academic performance than his traditional method.Of the six sections of Economics 101 at his university,Dr.Jones randomly assigns three sections to the traditional method and three sections to the problem-based method.At the end of semester all students complete the same final exam.In this design,students studying under the problem-based method constitute the:
A)placebo group.
B)treatment group.
C)sample.
D)control group.
Q2) Factorial designs allow researchers to study the effects of more than one independent variable simultaneously.Why is this advantageous? What information can factorial designs yield that nonfactorial designs cannot?
Chapter,your students will be introduced to qualitative research in its many forms.After reading the
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Chapter 8: Qualitative Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Richard Relic is carefully examining writings from the time of the U.S.Civil War to determine how each side characterized the position of their opponent.Dr.Relic is probably employing which of the following qualitative research designs?
A)case study
B)grounded theory
C)phenomenological
D)content analysis
Q2) When selecting a sample for a qualitative study,researchers should:
A)select a random sample of participants.
B)select a sample most likely to provide useful information about the topic.
C)select a large sample to increase the power of the study.
D)select a sample that is representative of the general population.
Q3) In this type of study design,a particular group of individuals is studied in depth over a defined period of time.
A)case study
B)ethnography
C)phenomenology
D)grounded theory
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Chapter 9: Mixed-Methods Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kasey was interested in studying the attitudes and opinions toward healthcare innovation in her community.She purposefully sought the opinions of a diverse group of people,including those with extreme opinions.What type of sampling did Kasey likely engage in?
A)purposive sampling
B)probability sampling
C)random sampling
D)convenience sampling
Q2) By definition,mixed-methods research designs
A)include both relationship questions and difference questions in the same study.
B)include both descriptive and inferential statistics in the analysis.
C)include both quantitative and qualitative data.
D)include a number of quantitative measures of student performance.
Q3) When compared to quantitative and qualitative research respectively,mixed-methods research tends to be
A)much easier.
B)more complex.
C)less time consuming.
D)less rigorous.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Action Research and Participatory Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss some of the challenges associated with conducting action research.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT true regarding data collection in action-oriented research?
A)Data-collection strategies are emergent.
B)Data collection is iterative.
C)Data collection is collaborative and ultimately the result of a coordinated group effort.
D)Data collection is planned in advance and rarely deviates from the original plan.
Q3) Which form of action research aims to produce theories and knowledge about learning and teaching that are grounded in real-life contexts and involves manipulating those contexts in particular ways and conducting and refining experiments and interventions so that researchers can make evidence-based claims about learning?
A)Design-Based Research
B)Participatory Action Research
C)Community-Based Research
D)Course-Based Acton Research
Q4) Describe at least two venues for disseminating findings from action-oriented research studies.
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Chapter 11: Analyzing Quantitative Data
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Sample Questions
Q1) A distribution of scores that is positively skewed will have a small number of scores that
A)are very high.
B)are very low.
C)are clustered around the midpoint.
D)are all the same.
Q2) The percentile rank allows the researcher to determine:
A)how far a target individual's score is from the group mean.
B)what percentage of individuals in the sample scored above the target individual.
C)the mean for the population based on the mean for the sample.
D)what percentage of individuals in the sample scored below the target individual.
Q3) In a normal distribution,approximately what percentage of scores falls between one standard deviation below the mean and one standard deviation above the mean?
A)16%
B)50%
C)68%
D)90%
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Chapter 12: Analyzing Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Data
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Sample Questions
Q1) A key component of data analysis in a content analysis study is to:
A)engage in axial coding around a core category.
B)speculate about possible cause-and-effect relationships.
C)systematically identify exceptions,contradictions,and outliers.
D)identify frequencies and other summary statistics for the main coding categories.
Q2) A viable alternative to a meta-analysis for qualitative and mixed-methods studies is a(n)
A)literature review.
B)systematic review.
C)report summary.
D)qualitative analysis.
Q3) In this type of coding structure,an emergent category is chosen as a core category.What type of coding structure does this describe?
A)axial coding
B)open coding
C)thematic coding
D)purposive coding
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Chapter 13: Planning and Preparing a Final Research Report
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Sample Questions
Q1) Throughout your textbook the authors return to the importance of interpreting the findings of a research project.Explain why this is an essential element in a high-quality research report.
Q2) Zara finished a survey study and found unexpected results - in some cases,the analyses showed that variables were correlated,but Zara had no a priori hypothesis about those variables.She is unsure whether to include these results at all in the final report.Which of the following pieces of advice is her advisor most likely to give her for revision?
A)Present the unexpected results,perhaps after she presents the results that relate directly to the original questions and hypotheses.
B)Present only the statistics that provide evidence to support the original research hypothesis in the results section and save the others for a discussion section.
C)Consider revising the introduction,possibly with a review of more literature,to see if the unexpected results should have been expected after all.
D)Present the results in the order in which she ran the analyses,without distinguishing that some were unexpected.
Q3) Describe the difference between a table and a figure.
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