Introduction to Public Policy Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Introduction to Public Policy provides students with a comprehensive overview of the policymaking process, examining how governments identify public problems, formulate solutions, and implement policies to address societal needs. The course explores key theories, concepts, and analytical tools used in policy analysis, while addressing the roles of various stakeholders, including government agencies, interest groups, and the public. Case studies and contemporary examples are integrated to illustrate policy development in diverse contexts, equipping students with a foundational understanding of how public policy shapes and responds to social, economic, and political challenges.
Recommended Textbook
AM GOV 2015 2016 4th Edition by Joseph Losco
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16 Chapters
1073 Verified Questions
1073 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Citizenship in Our Changing Democracy
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61 Verified Questions
61 Flashcards
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Q1) Approximately how large is the American population today?
A)1,200,000,000
B)840,000,000
C)320,000,000
D)125,000,000
E)62,000,000
Answer: C
Q2) According to the study discussed in the text, in which of the following countries do college-educated adults aged 25-64 have the highest level of trust in government?
A)United States
B)Italy
C)China
D)France
E)Germany
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Constitution: the Foundation of Citizens Rights
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67 Verified Questions
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Q1) Which clause of the Constitution affirms that the federal government, in exercising any of the powers enumerated in the Constitution, must prevail over any conflicting or inconsistent state exercise of power?
A)full faith and credit clause
B)implied powers clause
C)necessary and proper clause
D)supremacy clause
E)None of these answers is correct.
Answer: D
Q2) This system is intended to prevent the arbitrary use of power and to give leaders sufficient time to forge consensus on divisive issues.
A)separation of powers system
B)checks and balances system
C)spoils system
D)civil service system
E)None of these answers is correct.
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Federalism: Citizenship and the Dispersal of Power
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Q1) Which of the following statements best captures the meaning of the term "elastic clause," when applied to the U.S.Constitution?
A)The federal government can assume authority normally delegated to the state governments whenever it sees fit.
B)During national emergencies, the powers of the federal government can be expanded beyond their constitutional bounds.
C)The federal government can only push its powers so far before the ties that bind the states together in a union break from the pressure.
D)The federal government has any and all powers not specifically delegated to the state governments or denied to the federal government.
E)The federal government can assume additional powers as needed in order to accomplish the functions established for it by the Constitution.
Answer: E
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Chapter 4: Civil Liberties: Citizens Rights Versus Security
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Q1) Evaluate the state of civil liberties in the United States today.What rights are guaranteed by the government and what rights are threatened by it? Has the Supreme Court moved too far in protecting the rights of individuals from the rule of the majority, or does it continue to allow the majority too much power to infringe on unpopular views and actions? Which rights, if any, can be safely curtailed without undermining the republic, and which rights, if any, must be preserved at all costs in order for the republic to survive?
Q2) Which of the following statements about public executions in the United States today is LEAST accurate?
A)DNA tests have led to the exoneration of over a dozen convicts that were sentenced to death.
B)The Supreme Court has ruled that mentally retarded convicts cannot be put to death.
C)The Supreme Court has ruled that convicts cannot be put to death for murders that they committed when they were minors.
D)The United States is the only Western democracy that uses the death penalty.
E)Only one quarter of all the states (plus the federal government) still has the death penalty.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Civil Rights: Toward a More Equal Citizenry
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Q1) The civil rights leader César Chávez is best known for his efforts on behalf of
A)auto workers.
B)disenfranchised southern African Americans.
C)disabled Americans.
D)gays and lesbians.
E)migrant farm workers.
Q2) Which minority group is MOST responsible for pioneering the civil rights tactics other groups have adopted since the 1960s?
A)Asian Americans
B)gay and lesbian Americans
C)African Americans
D)Hispanic Americans
E)Native Americans
Q3) Which Congress has had the highest number of female elected representatives?
A)107<sup>th</sup> (elected in 2000)
B)108<sup>th</sup> (elected in 2002)
C)110<sup>th</sup> (elected in 2006)
D)112<sup>th</sup> (elected in 2010)
E)113<sup>th</sup> (elected in 2012)
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Public Opinion
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Q1) One would expect to find the lowest degree of stability in citizens' political views regarding which of the following issues?
A)the death penalty
B)the role of religion in schools
C)race-based quota systems
D)foreign policy
E)taxation
Q2) Conservative personalities are characterized by
A)suspicion of out-groups (e.g.immigrants).
B)a preference for strong leadership.
C)a desire for clear moral and behavioral codes.
D)support for swift and severe punishment for violation of moral and behavioral codes.
E)All of these answers are correct.
Q3) You are MOST likely to bump into a liberal on a street
A)in an urban city in the West.
B)in a small town in the West.
C)in the suburb of a city in the Midwest.
D)in a small town in the South.
E)in a rural area in Mid-Atlantic states.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Political Participation: Equal Opportunities and Unequal Voices
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Q1) Of the following, which is the second-most-common type of political engagement?
A)contacting a public official
B)volunteering
C)signing a petition
D)voting
E)boycotting
Q2) The traditional role of the political parties in mobilizing voters has been MOST adversely impacted by
A)the rise of the mass media.
B)special interest groups.
C)social movements.
D)third parties.
E)None of these answers is correct.
Q3) In the 2012 presidential election, independent voters
A)gave more support to Mitt Romney than to Barack Obama.
B)gave more support to Barack Obama than to Mitt Romney.
C)gave about equal support to Mitt Romney and Barack Obama.
D)supported third-party candidates, primarily Gary Johnson of the Libertarian Party.
E)mostly chose not to participate in the election.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Interest Groups in America
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Sample Questions
Q1) Public interest groups are distinguished from other interest groups by
A)their large bases of support.
B)their narrow policy goals.
C)advocating positions they believe are for the good of all Americans.
D)their ideological bents.
E)the fact that they clearly speak for the majority of the American people.
Q2) Explain why people join interest groups.What incentives encourage participation? Which of these incentives are most important? Which interest groups have been able to wield these incentives to elicit the most support, in either numbers or resources? Are the interest groups with the most numbers also the ones with the most money, or is there a notable discrepancy between these figures?
Q3) Persons who join an interest group out of a need for a sense of belonging are responding to
A)monetary incentives.
B)social incentives.
C)relegated incentives.
D)fixed incentives.
E)idealist incentives.
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Chapter 9: Parties and Political Campaigns
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Q1) The orthodoxy in political science holds that realignments are signaled by one or more
A)close elections.
B)critical elections.
C)rebounding elections.
D)major shift elections.
E)periodic elections.
Q2) This person has run as both a presidential candidate of the Libertarian Party and for the Republican presidential nomination.
A)Pat Buchanan
B)George Wallace
C)Ross Perot
D)Ralph Nader
E)Ron Paul
Q3) Which of the following groups was NOT a member of the New Deal Coalition?
A)southern whites
B)northern industrial workers
C)northeastern businessmen
D)Catholics
E)blacks
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Chapter 10: Media: Tuning in or Tuning Out
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Q1) Based on current understandings of the First Amendment, which of the following statements regarding government regulation of the media is LEAST accurate?
A)Having declared the airwaves on which television and radio broadcast public property, the government has more control over those media than it does over others.
B)Because the livelihood of public officials depends heavily on their reputations, courts have made it easy for them to successfully sue print media for libel.
C)The government is rarely authorized to prevent the publication of material that it does not want exposed.
D)Although the government limits the number of media outlets that a single entity can own, these limitations have been lessened in recent years.
E)The courts may allow the government to bar the publication of materials if the information contained therein poses a threat to national security.
Q2) Discuss the rise of political blogs.What impact do they have on political discourse? In what ways are they similar to and different from traditional media outlets?
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Chapter 11: Congress: Doing the Peoples Business
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Q1) The American people directly elect their senators as a result of
A)Article I of the Constitution.
B)Article II of the Constitution.
C)the Twelfth Amendment.
D)the Fourteenth Amendment.
E)the Seventeenth Amendment.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT generally one of the advantages incumbents wield over challengers?
A)Incumbents can send mail to their constituents at the government's expense.
B)Incumbents are more likely to be able to hide their political leanings to attract a broader base.
C)Donors tend to contribute more money to incumbents, who seem like a safer bet than challengers.
D)Incumbents are able to keep themselves in the public eye by making periodic public announcements or initiating new policies.
E)Incumbents are able to pull strings of government to win the favor of individual constituents.
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Chapter 12: The Presidency: Power and Paradox
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Q1) Which of the following statements about presidential elections is MOST accurate?
A)The District of Columbia is not awarded any electors; hence its citizens have only a symbolic vote in presidential elections.
B)The Constitution requires electors to cast their votes in accordance with the will of the people who elected them.
C)Every state in the Union grants all of its electoral votes to the candidate who wins the plurality.
D)If one candidate wins the majority of the electoral vote, and another wins the majority of the popular vote, the election is thrown to the House of Representatives.
E)A candidate might win the popular vote but still lose the election.
Q2) The Constitution explicitly grants the presidency all of the following powers EXCEPT
A)the ability to appoint ambassadors.
B)the right to veto legislation.
C)the right to create new laws.
D)the power to negotiate foreign treaties.
E)the right to command the military during times of war.
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Chapter 13: Bureaucracy: Citizens As Owners and Consumers
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Q1) What did the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 create?
A)the Senior Executive Service
B)the Office of Management and Budget
C)the Executive Office of the President
D)the Department of the Interior
E)the merit system of civil service hiring
Q2) Which president is MOST associated with a defense of patronage and the ability of the common citizen to perform any government function?
A)George Washington
B)Andrew Jackson
C)James Garfield
D)Franklin Roosevelt
E)Bill Clinton
Q3) Who was the FIRST president to appoint a woman to his cabinet?
A)Woodrow Wilson
B)Franklin Roosevelt
C)Lyndon Johnson
D)Ronald Reagan
E)Bill Clinton
Page 15
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Chapter 14: The Courts: Judicial Power in a Democratic Setting
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Q1) The principle of judicial review allows the Supreme Court to A)hear appeals of cases originally decided in lower courts.
B)assess the constitutionality of congressional acts.
C)bypass Congress and create national laws directly.
D)decide legal cases involving disputes between state governments.
E)decide legal cases involving disputes between a state and a foreign government.
Q2) The two basic types of law under the American judicial system are criminal law and A)business law.
B)tax law.
C)corporate law.
D)common law.
E)civil law.
Q3) In which case did the Supreme Court establish the principle of judicial review?
A)Dartmouth College v.Woodard
B)Gibbons v.Ogden
C)McCullough v.Maryland
D)Marbury v.Madison
E)Barron v.Baltimore
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Chapter 15: Public Policy: Responding to Citizens
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Q1) Which of the following statements about American budgetary deficits is MOST accurate?
A)Foreign investors are legally prohibited from purchasing U.S.securities.
B)Over the past thirty years, the deficit has risen sharply when Democrats controlled the White House and dropped precipitously when Republicans controlled it.
C)The government currently spends over half of its revenue paying interest on its debt.
D)The current deficit is substantially lower than it was in 2009.
E)Treasury bonds are increasingly difficult to sell, as they provide low returns, and the government has defaulted on them repeatedly in the past forty years.
Q2) Which of the following is an example of a policy whose benefits are widely distributed but whose costs are concentrated?
A)Social Security
B)funding for public schools
C)air pollution controls
D)agriculture subsidies
E)tax policy
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Chapter 16: Foreign and Defense Policy: Protecting
American Interests in the World
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Sample Questions
Q1) The U.S.intelligence community consists of approximately how many different intelligence agencies?
A)1
B)3
C)6
D)8
E)16
Q2) Describe the major schools of thought that have shaped American foreign policy for the past 100 years.Explain the preferred goals and tactics of each one.Which should be used to address the threats faced by the United States today?
Q3) Which of the following conflicts has had the GREATEST military cost?
A)World War I
B)World War II
C)Korea
D)Vietnam
E)Post 9/11: Iraq, Afghanistan, Other
Q4) Explain how the U.S.government shapes its foreign policy.Describe the roles given to both civilian organizations and the military.Which branch of the government wields the most influence over foreign policy?
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