Introduction to Psychotherapy Exam Review
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychotherapy offers students a comprehensive overview of the major theories, techniques, and applications of psychotherapy. The course explores the historical foundations of psychotherapy, key therapeutic modalities including cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, and systemic approaches and examines how therapists assess, diagnose, and develop treatment plans for individuals, couples, and groups. Students will also learn about the ethical and cultural considerations essential to effective practice, as well as current research trends and outcomes in the field. Through case studies and experiential learning, participants will develop a foundational understanding of the therapeutic process and the essential skills needed for effective client engagement.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Clinical Psychology 3rd Canadian Edition by John Hunsley
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Chapter 1: The Evolution of Clinical Psychology
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Q1) The main goal of developing the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory was to provide an easily administered test to screen for
A)psychological disturbances.
B)deviant personality.
C)avoidant personality.
D)personality changes.
Answer: A
Q2) Over the last twenty five year the scope of clinical psychology has
A)expanded,shifting from assessment to include intervention and prevention.
B)expanded,shifting from intervention and consultation to include assessment.
C)narrowed,shifting from intervention and assessment to mainly assessment.
D)narrowed,shifting from intervention and assessment to mainly intervention.
Answer: A
Q3) Worldwide,the number of medical students seeking psychiatric training has
A)decreased dramatically since the 1980s.
B)decreased slightly since the 1980s.
C)increased slightly since the 1980s.
D)increased dramatically since the 1980s.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Contemporary Clinical Psychology
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Q1) Research on the psychological consequences of working with clients who have experienced trauma indicates:
A)that emotional responses are more common in those who are less familiar with this type of work.
B)that prolonged exposure to clients' traumatic experiences results in the psychologist's sensitization.
C)that it leads to an erosion of optimism and belief in a just world.
D)that effects are so variable no robust conclusions can be drawn.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is a component of a program evaluation?
A)Examining if an agency's policy is congruent with its mission.
B)Examining the scope of unmet health care needs in a population.
C)Examining the extent to which the program objectives are met.
D)Examining the personality characteristics of program participants.
Answer: C
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4
Chapter 3: Classification and Diagnosis
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Q1) Classification __________ refers to the usefulness of a classification scheme.
A)utility
B)reliability
C)validity
D)applicability
Answer: A
Q2) In the 2004 survey of prevalence rates of mental disorders across 14 countries,the Mental Health Survey Consortium World Health Organization)found that across most countries,________ disorders were the most common,followed by _______ disorders.
A)mood; anxiety
B)anxiety; impulse-control
C)anxiety; mood
D)mood; substance abuse
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Research Methods in Clinical Psychology
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Q1) When correlational designs are used to examine the underlying structure of a measure or a set of measures,it is known as
A)meta-analysis.
B)factor analysis.
C)case-analysis.
D)structural analysis.
Q2) Research ideas can be inspired by:
A)experience and observation.
B)previous research.
C)theory.
D)all of the above.
Q3) _____________ refers to the extent to which the interpretations drawn from the results of a study can be justified and alternative interpretations can be reasonably ruled out.
A)External validity
B)Internal validity
C)Statistical conclusion validity
D)Internal reliability
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6
Chapter 5: Assessment: Overview
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Q1) Psychological assessment and psychological testing
A)refer to the same activities.
B)are related activities,but are not synonymous.
C)usually end up examining the same phenomena.
D)are different,in that testing is more complex and integrated than assessment.
Q2) Compared with ____i)____,____ii)____ are far less likely to be standardized,to have norms,or to possess acceptable levels of reliability and validity.
A)i)intelligence tests/personality inventories/behaviour rating scales; ii)projective tests
B)i)projective tests; ii)intelligence tests/personality inventories/behaviour rating scales
C)i)intelligence tests and behaviour rating scales; ii)personality inventories and projective tests
D)i)personality inventories and projective tests; ii)intelligence tests and behaviour rating scales
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Chapter 6: Assessment: Interviewing and Observation
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Q1) Self-monitoring strategies refer to
A)strategies for clients to anonymously share their behaviours with other clients.
B)strategies for clients to observe themselves in a systematic manner.
C)strategies for psychologists to monitor their treatment efficacy.
D)none of the above.
Q2) Which objectives)apply to both a clinical assessment interview and a psychotherapeutic interview?
A)To establish rapport,gather information,and assess the interviewee's verbal and non-verbal communication.
B)To foster behavioural,cognitive,and affective change.
C)To facilitate attainment of therapeutic goals,and to limit contact to the time required to achieve these goals.
D)To cover specific content areas
E)g.,mental status evaluation).
Q3) The vast majority of clinical assessment interviews are
A)structured.
B)semi-structured.
C)unstructured.
D)multi-structured.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Assessment: Intellectual and Cognitive Measures
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Q1) It has been speculated that the Flynn Effect can primarily be explained by A)genetic factors.
B)environmental factors.
C)unknown factors.
D)measurement error.
Q2) Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences proposed that
A)there are multiple forms of intelligence.
B)different types of intelligence are inadequately assessed by traditional tests.
C)it is crucial for assessment of intelligence to be culturally unbiased.
D)all of the above.
Q3) Fluid intelligence refers to
A)reasoning ability and the capacity to draw upon prior experiences.
B)crystallized intelligence.
C)innate intellectual potential.
D)what has been learned from formal education.
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Chapter 8: Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures
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Q1) The MCMI-III is designed to measure
A)clinical personality patterns.
B)major clinical syndromes.
C)clinical personality patterns and major clinical syndromes.
D)personality functioning in a non-clinical population.
Q2) In translating and adapting a test for use in a second language,back translation refers to:
A)Translation of the items into the second language,then translation back into the first language by a differed translator and comparison of the two versions.
B)conducting pilot testing of the translated measure to ensure it is comprehensible.
C)re-standardizing scores on the measure using norms specific to the translated measure.
D)establishing construct validity between the two version to determine whether the instruments measure the same psychological qualities in both languages.
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Chapter 9: Assessment Integration and Clinical Decision-Making
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Q1) Research on retrospective recall indicates that
A)only minor daily events are recalled poorly.
B)both minor daily events and major life events are recalled poorly.
C)only major life events are recalled poorly.
D)neither minor daily events nor major life events are recalled poorly.
Q2) The premise of a case conceptualization is most closely tied to the A)clinician's theoretical perspective.
B)personality of the client.
C)results of the assessment measures.
D)all of the above.
Q3) Smith and Dumont 2002),in their examination of factors leading to overconfidence in clinical decisions,found that one of the key factors that may lead to overconfidence in decisions is the
A)confirmatory bias.
B)availability heuristic.
C)representativeness heuristic.
D)fundamental attribution error.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Prevention
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Q1) Ennett and colleagues 2003)surveyed a national sample of schools in the United States about programs they used to prevent substance abuse,and found that
A)nearly all programs used an interactive style.
B)approximately 75% of programs used an interactive style.
C)about half of the programs used an interactive style.
D)less than 25% of the programs used an interactive style.
Q2) During an outbreak of a contagious disease all individuals who enter a hospital are required to wear a mask.This is an example of an)
A)universal preventive program.
B)selective preventive program.
C)indicated preventive program.
D)tertiary preventive program.
Q3) Which type of prevention is similar to the concept of health promotion?
A)Primary prevention
B)Secondary prevention
C)Follow-up prevention
D)Both A and B
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Chapter 11: Intervention: Overview
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Q1) Evidence-based treatments perform _________ than routine psychotherapy services,and patients receiving the evidence-based treatments in randomized controlled trials are often _______ severely distressed.
A)better ; less
B)better ; more
C)more poorly ; less
D)more poorly ; more
Q2) The vast majority of people who receive psychotherapy attend
A)just one session.
B)fewer than 10 sessions.
C)at least 15 sessions.
D)upwards of 20 sessions.
Q3) ________ is designed to change relational functioning,whereas __________ is designed to alter intrapsychic variables using information about relationships.
A)Interpersonal Psychotherapy; Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
B)Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy; Interpersonal Psychotherapy
C)Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy; Interpersonal Psychotherapy
D)Interpersonal Psychotherapy; Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy
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Chapter 12: Intervention: Adults and Couples
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Q1) A type of initial,exploratory treatment study in which no control group is used and,typically,few participant exclusion criteria are applied is known as an)
A)unrandomized design.
B)imperfect RCT.
C)open trial.
D)limited trial.
Q2) Thought monitoring requires recording the types of thoughts that typically occur around
A)upsetting situations.
B)positive situations.
C)Both of the above
D)None of the above
Q3) Efficacious treatments are treatments that have been demonstrated within A)a clinical setting.
B)a controlled research study.
C)Both A and B
D)None of the above
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Chapter 13: Intervention: Children and Adolescents
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Q1) Lee,Horvath,and Hunsley 2013)found that evidence-based treatments for children and youth
A)can be effective when used in routine practice settings.
B)are slightly less effective in routine practice settings than in research settings.
C)are much less effective in routine practice settings.
D)cannot be transported to routine practice settings.
Q2) Hawley and Weisz 2005)found that the youth-therapist alliance was related to _______,whereas the parent-therapist alliance was related to ________________.
A)participation in therapy; symptom improvement.
B)symptom improvement; participation in therapy.
C)satisfaction with services; symptom improvement.
D)participation in therapy; satisfaction with services.
Q3) There is evidence that if untreated,the problems associated with disruptive behaviour disorders in childhood
A)generally dissipate before adolescence.
B)persist into adolescence but generally fade by adulthood.
C)naturally fade in adolescence.
D)persist into adulthood.
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Chapter 14: Intervention: Identifying Key Elements of Change
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Q1) What was Rosenzweig's 1936)assertion regarding the various types of therapies that were available to clinicians at the time?
A)Some therapies are very effective and others are not effective.
B)Most therapies are not effective.
C)Little is known about the effectiveness of therapy.
D)All therapies are equivalent in treatment outcome.
Q2) According to the APA Psychotherapy division task force,________ is a demonstrably effective element of the therapeutic relationship.
A)the number of sessions.
B)years of training.
C)empathy.
D)gender of the client.
Q3) Lester Luborsky and colleagues have conducted literature reviews of psychotherapy effectiveness and have concluded that
A)the nature of specific therapeutic effects is clear.
B)there is overwhelming evidence that all therapies are equal.
C)there is overwhelming evidence that all therapies are not equal.
D)many current therapeutic techniques can be harmful to clients.
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Chapter 15: Health Psychology, clinical Neuropsychology, and Forensic Psychology
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Q1) Treatment planning in rehabilitation based on the acronym SMART Wilson,2008)establishes goals that are
A)specific,measurable,achievable,realistic and timely.
B)short,measurable,achievable,realistic and timely.
C)specific,measurable,active,reliable and timely.
D)short,measurable,active,reliable and timely.
Q2) Principles of sleep hygiene include
A)stimulus control.
B)sleep restriction.
C)avoiding caffeine,smoking,and exercise near bedtime.
D)taking a hot bath or shower before going to bed.
Q3) A pain that serves an unpleasant,but useful,function for an individual and lasts for a short duration is classified as _______ pain.
A)acute
B)prolonged
C)chronic
D)short-term
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