Introduction to Psychotherapy Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychotherapy offers students a comprehensive overview of the theories, principles, and practices that form the foundation of modern psychotherapy. This course examines the historical development of psychotherapy, major approaches such as psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, and integrative therapies, as well as the techniques and strategies used within each framework. Students will learn about the ethical considerations, therapeutic relationships, and assessment processes involved in therapy, while also exploring the effectiveness and application of psychotherapy in diverse populations. By the end of the course, students will have a solid understanding of the basic concepts and skills necessary for further study or practice in the field of mental health and counseling.
Recommended Textbook
Theory and Treatment Planning in Counseling and Psychotherapy 2nd Edition by Diane R.
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Gehart
Chapter 1: Counseling Theory, Competency, Research, and
Connecting the Dots
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Sample Questions
Q1) Another thread in the debate about the effectiveness of theory involves empirically supported treatments (EST's),generally referred to as
A) common factors research
B) evidence-based practice
C) evidence-based therapies
D) theory-based practice
Answer: C
Q2) There is much disagreement between professional mental health organizations and federal and state laws regarding the key issues and principles.
A)True
B)False
Answer: FALSE
Q3) Therapeutic theories provide ___________________________________________.
A) a step-by-step guideline for sessions
B) a means for sifting through information and identifying key areas of change
C) therapists a way to speak the language of the client.
D) a replacement for medication.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Treatment Planning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Once the counselor has conceptualized a treatment plan and identified counseling tasks and client goals,the counselor then ______________________________.
A) identifies useful interventions
B) identifies client actions that lead to the problem
C) determines if working with client is within the scope of practice
D) writes an assessment for submission to the third party payer
Answer: A
Q2) Diversity can be addressed in treatment tasks by doing all of the following EXCEPT:
A) disregarding the possibility of marginalization and discrimination in the assessment process
B) using humor with teens or men
C) adopting a more formal, respectful relational style with immigrants
D) incorporating spirituality
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Countertransference takes place when a counselor _________________________________.
A) keeps their emotional reactions toward the client out of counseling
B) projects back onto a client in a way that affects therapeutic neutrality
C) has insight into their unconscious reactions to their clients
D) shares an undesirable feeling about a client with the client
Answer: B
Q2) An analyst views symptoms presented by the client as expressions of_________________.
A) intrapsychic conflict
B) psychotic conflict
C) interpersonal gains
D) natural consequences
Answer: A
Q3) Freud focused his work in which area of the consciousness?
A) unconscious
B) conscious
C) preconscious
D) postconscious
Answer: A
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Jungian Analytic Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the relationship between the ego and the Self?
Q2) Martin appears to be deeply connected to the African-American community and expresses a sense of responsibility to uplift the community and undo past injustices.This can be explained to Martin by which concept?
A) archetypal and mythical themes
B) the ego identity
C) the shadow
D) the collective unconscious
Q3) One example of an initial phase counseling task in Jungian analysis might be to ________________________________________.
A) develop a working relationship by creating hierarchy in the relationship
B) develop a working relationship by creating a collaborative educator relationship
C) monitor the working alliance
D) educate client on the use of dreams and symbols
Q4) Regarding Jungian counseling,what is meant by "healer,heal thyself"?
Q5) What strengths does this approach have for working with diverse clients? What are the weaknesses?
Q6) Briefly explain what Myers-Briggs is.
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Chapter 5: Adlerian Individual Counseling
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which three general categories do Adlerian's use for psychodynamic formulation during assessment?
A) interpsychic, intrapsychic; extropsychic
B) social factors; social motivation; social status
C) neurotic symptoms; psychotic symptoms; personality disorders
D) ego identity; the Self; persona
Q2) Basic mistakes result in _________________ and _______________.
A) trauma; loss
B) personality issues; low self esteem
C) inferiority; low social interest
D) loss of security; low personal tolerance
Q3) Lifestyle assessment is at the heart of Adlerian case conceptualization and includes assessment of all of the following EXCEPT:
A) social inferiority.
B) family constellations and birth order.
C) parenting style.
D) organ inferiority or physical weak points.
Q4) What is the relationship of individual inferiority to social interest?
Q5) Explain the role of psychoeducation in Adlerian counseling.
Q6) What is meant by "private logic"?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Person-Centered Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Maria,a counselor working from a person-centered approach,is in the initial phase of counseling with a 26-year-old client named David.David reports that he was recently asked to take a leave of absence from law school for "anger related issues." As David describes recent incidents in the classroom and in his graduate housing complex,he describes moments of rage but indicates that it was "not that big of a deal" and "that no one was hurt." Maria notices that David is becoming visibly upset as he talks,but he continues to report he is "fine." What would be an appropriate initial goal for David in counseling?
A) Increase experience of overwhelming emotions to reduce angry outbursts.
B) Increase ability to recognize and constructively express emotions to reduce angry outbursts.
C) Reduce angry outbursts.
D) Increase ability to view self as responsible for problem situations and active agent in making changes to reduce angry outbursts.
Q2) What role does empathy play in humanistic counseling?
Q3) List and describe 3 interventions utilized in person-centered counseling.
Q4) What is self-actualization?
Q5) How does culture affect how one expresses empathy?
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Chapter 7: Existential Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do existential counselors view the goals of therapy?
Q2) One of the primary concerns with a client who has an alternative sexual identity is the _______________________________.
A) potential to live from an inauthentic person to avoid negative social consequences
B) inability of the client to fit in with societal expectations
C) countertransference of the counselor who may hold different values than the client
D) lack of experience an existential counselor may have in working with clients of varying sexual orientations
Q3) Describe the concept of death anxiety from an existential counseling perspective.
Q4) Describe the I-Thou relationship.
Q5) Existentialists maintain that a person's __________ plays a significant role in their presenting problem/psychopathology.
A) family
B) responsibility
C) fear of death
D) self awareness.
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Chapter 8: Gestalt Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Maurice is working with a 32-year-old male client,Jesse,who has presented in therapy after the recent,unexpected death of his mother.Jesse reports that he has not cried much; rather he has taken charge where he has needed to in his family and has supported his dad,and his two younger sisters with regular phone calls and visits.Recently,Jesse reports feeling extremely angry with his father,who after only 3 months is dating a new woman.Jesse found out about the woman when he showed up at his parent's house one evening after work to check-in on his dad and found them having dinner together.Jesse reports that he is trying to be strong for his sisters and to remain loving toward his father,but he is finding it more and more difficult to be the hero in the family.An example of an early phase goal for Jesse would be
A) decrease suppression of feelings and increase ability to express more vulnerable emotions.
B) increase differentiation from family of origin to decrease intensity of feelings
C) increase ability to confront family members
D) reduce intensity of feelings by minimizing their importance
Q2) What is meant by an "experiential" approach to therapy?
Q3) What is the person of the counselor and why is it important?
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Chapter 9: Foundational Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cognitive-behavioral counselors frequently use _______________ to spell out goals and expectations and to increase motivation and dedication with clients.
A) standardized assessment tools
B) the client's own words
C) goal forms
D) written contracts
Q2) Working with clients to accept difficult thoughts and emotions in order to transform them is used by _____________________________.
A) rational approaches
B) mindfulness-based approaches
C) reality therapy approaches
D) behavioral approaches
Q3) Explain Beck's concept of distorted cognitions and identify at least one common distortion.
Q4) How does a person's thoughts shape emotional and behavioral responses?
Q5) What is meant by the terms in-vivo and flooding?
Q6) How/why does cognitive-behavioral counseling align more closely with DSM diagnosis than other approaches?
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Chapter 10: Evidence-Based Cognitive-Behavioral
Approaches: Dialectic Behavior Therapy and
Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements best characterizes the nature of individual sessions in DBT?
A) In individual sessions, clients are taught a standard curriculum of psychosocial skills.
B) In individual sessions a relationship is established that validates and nurtures the client while demanding behavioral change.
C) In individual sessions, techniques such as mindfulness are avoided so that the client does not become stuck on emotions rather than behavior.
D) In individual sessions, clients are faced with making behavioral change because the counselor withholds empathy in order to focus on behavior rather than symptoms.
Q2) RBT counseling includes _______________,which are a developed hierarchy to structure treatment,and assessment for _______________,which are necessary for the client to achieve primary goals.
A) primary behavioral targets; secondary behavioral targets
B) polarities; mental health issues
C) schemas; faulty cognitions
D) client agreements; self-harming behaviors
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Chapter 11: Systemic Family Counseling and Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a session with a single-parent family,a mother and daughter,the systemic counselor notices that mom often makes remarks about her daughter's father,such as "I am so glad you didn't get your father's kinky hair" or "Most men are unreliable." The daughter has regular visits with her father and appears distressed when her mother makes these comments.The counselor might categorize the mother's comments as a form of ______________.
A) commands
B) coalitions
C) subsystems
D) triangulation
Q2) New information or news,experienced in a system is referred to as which of the following?
A) universal feedback
B) negative feedback
C) positive feedback
D) general feedback
Q3) How does homeostasis play a role in the family structure and system?
Q4) What are the benefits of using systemic therapy with diverse client populations?
Q5) How do boundaries play a role in the family system?
Q6) How are symptoms viewed by systemic therapists?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Solution-Based Approaches
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the miracle question and how it might be useful in a session with a client.
Q2) Solution-based counseling is appropriate for working with diverse populations because ___________________________________________________.
A) it uses a theory of health to predefine client goals
B) it focuses on identifying client's strengths
C) it uses an established set of values and meaning systems
D) all marginalized populations value problem-solving strategies
Q3) In solution-based counseling,__________ are viewed as intimately connected with a client's context,but are not considered curative.
A) solutions
B) emotions
C) strengths
D) problems.
Q4) Solution-based goal descriptions _________________________.
A) are problem focused
B) focus on symptom reduction
C) focus on increasing client emotional awareness
D) describe what the client will be doing
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Narrative and Collaborative Approaches
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Narrative Counseling,the counselor helps clients create more balanced descriptions of the events of their lives to enable clients to build more accurate and appreciative descriptions of themselves and others.This process is referred to as:
A) Enacting Preferred Narratives
B) Meeting the Person
C) Thickening Descriptions
D) Separating Persons from Problems
Q2) Similar to feminists,collaborative counselors maintain that the process counseling is inescapably ________________,and the counselor will likely be changed themselves because the same dialogical process that allows clients to change creates a context in which the counselor will also be changed.
A) exclusive
B) interactive
C) dependent
D) mutual
Q3) What is externalizing and how is it used in narrative counseling?
Q4) What role does curiosity play in collaborative counseling?
Q5) In what ways is collaborative counseling ideal for working with diverse populations?
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Chapter 14: Feminist and Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) An egalitarian relationship is a critical aspect to feminist counseling and involves
A) counselors and clients discussing power dynamics inherent in the therapy process
B) clients suppressing their opinions and ignoring questions about the counseling process
C) counselors sharing their expertise with their clients about how best to address clients' problems
D) the counselor ignoring power dynamics inherent in the therapy process because they detract from the real work of therapy
Q2) The experience in feminist counseling,in which both the client and the counselor see,know,and experience responsiveness from each other is known as
A) joining
B) mutual empathy
C) kismet
D) intuition
Q3) How does connection play a role in feminist counseling?
Q4) Define and describe the egalitarian relationship.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Introduction to Theoretical Integration
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Q1) It is likely that an unplanned approach of integration or eclecticism will result in the counselor doing what he/she feels like with little understanding of how or why.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Regarding integration,it requires _______________________ than using a single theoretical model and should be approached carefully and thoughtfully.
A) a wide knowledge of theory
B) experience using different interventions
C) a good understanding of people and knowledge of the evidence base
D) more skill and more discipline
Q3) From the perspective of the _______________ approach,the truth is contextual and the counseling relationship is an empathic one in which the counselor serves to participate in the system in order to "perturb" it so that it can reorganize itself.
A) modernism
B) post-modernism
C) systemic
D) phenomenological
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Chapter 16: Integrative Case Conceptualization
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Sample Questions
Q1) A counselor who practices from a post modern perspective is assessing a client who states while sharing her problem discourse,"I have failed as a sister" because of her younger brother's experimentation with alcohol.What would the counselor call the story that her client tells herself?
A) the problem discourse
B) the identity narrative
C) the dominant narrative
D) the local or preferred narrative
Q2) How might a clinician excel in case conceptualization and assessment?
Q3) How does a counselor utilize client strengths in the formation of a case conceptualization?
Q4) Helping a client to identify their strengths relies heavily on _______________________.
A) the counselor's ability to view or "see" the flip side of the presenting problem
B) the client's insight into him or her self
C) the counselor's expertise in assessment
D) the client's ability to view or "see" the flip side of the presenting problem
Q5) What purpose do counseling theories serve?
Q6) List and describe three elements of a case conceptualization.
Page 18
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