Introduction to Psychopharmacology Test Bank
Course
Introduction
Introduction to Psychopharmacology provides an overview of how drugs affect the brain and behavior, focusing on the mechanisms by which various substances influence the central nervous system. The course covers the major classes of psychoactive drugs including antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, stimulants, and hallucinogens as well as their therapeutic uses, side effects, and potential for abuse. Students will explore the biological basis of drug action, including neurotransmitter systems, receptor dynamics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics, and discuss both clinical applications and societal implications of psychopharmacological treatments.
Recommended Textbook
Drugs Society and Human Behavior 16th Edition by Hart
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18 Chapters
718 Verified Questions
718 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Drug Use: An Overview
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to data from Monitoring the Future,an effective public policy would be to increase the perception of the risk of marijuana use because increased perception of risk causes a decrease in marijuana use.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) In one study,adolescents who smoked cigarettes were about twice as likely as nonsmokers to later use marijuana.For this reason,cigarettes have been referred to as A)addicting.
B)a gateway substance.
C)toxic.
D)a correlate.
Answer: B
Q3) relationship to A)alcohol use.
B)perceived availability of marijuana.
C)perceived risk of harm in using marijuana.
D)the nation's economy.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Drug Use As a Social Problem
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39 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) One important factor that led Congress to adopt the first laws regulating what we now call controlled substances was the association of drug use with crime.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) According to recent DAWN data,which of these substances is near the top of the emergency room visits list?
A)alcohol-in-combination
B)marijuana
C)methamphetamine
D)ecstasy (MDMA)
Answer: A
Q3) Discuss the relative dependence liability of different drugs.
Answer: Some drugs are more likely than others to lead to compulsive use.These tend to be the drugs that work as positive reinforcers in animal models.Bonus: However,blaming dependence entirely on the drug itself ignores many other important social and individual variables.
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4
Chapter 3: Drug Policy
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39 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The U.S.Supreme Court has ruled that it is legal to use urine tests to screen students in public high schools for drug use
A)only if there is evidence that the individual student has used drugs.
B)only with the parents' permission.
C)only after the student has been in a treatment program.
D)if they are involved in extracurricular activities.
Answer: D
Q2) The 1906 Pure Food and Drugs Act required drug manufacturers to prove that their drugs were an effective treatment for some diseases.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) can result from conviction
A)only for sale of "dealer" quantities of crack cocaine.
B)for possession of small amounts of a controlled substance.
C)for using a controlled substance,but this only applies to cocaine or heroin.
D)for advocating the legalization of drugs.
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: The Nervous System
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34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Weight control,aggression,impulsivity,and psychological depression have all been associated with A)serotonin pathways. B)endorphins.
C)GABA receptors.
D)the parasympathetic branch.
Q2) The process in which enzymes within neurons convert precursors into neurotransmitter molecules is called A)homeostasis.
B)uptake.
C)depolarization.
D)synthesis.
Q3) One of the main ways that drugs can affect neurotransmitter systems is by cutting off blood flow to a specific brain structure.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In the neuron,neurotransmitters are stored in the myelin sheaths.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: The Actions of Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Caffeine and cocaine are both considered to be stimulant drugs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Nonspecific effects of taking a drug are those that do not depend on its chemical activity.They are sometimes referred to as A)placebo effects.
B)ataxia.
C)side effects.
D)dose-response effects.
Q3) For most therapeutic effects,there is a maximum effect,and increasing the dose more just increases the number and type of side effects.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following would be a reason for a drug company NOT to pursue expensive clinical trails with a new drug?
A)The drug produces no side effects.
B)The drug produces side effects.
C)The therapeutic index is greater than 1.
D)The therapeutic index is less than 1.
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Chapter 6: Stimulants
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most common drug used in treating ADHD is still Modafinil.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Amphetamine was developed initially as a substitute for a closely related chemical derived from the Chinese herb ma huang.That chemical is A)ephedrine. B)sympathamine. C)codeine. D)GHB.
Q3) Some of the emotional justification for the 1914 Harrison Act can be found in a New York Times article from that year,called "Negro Cocaine 'Fiends' are a New Southern Menace."
A)True B)False
Q4) One major similarity of freebase and crack cocaine is that they both can be smoked. A)True B)False
Q5) Explain why the addiction potential of cocaine was unrecognized for many years.
Q6) Explain the different preparations of cocaine and how they are used.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Depressants and Inhalants
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) .What types of drugs are used,and what are some of the concerns associated with the use of sleeping pills? Are there any alternatives to drug use?
Q2) Sedative-hypnotic agents bind to which receptors in the brain?
A)glutamate
B)GHB
C)serotonin
D)GABA
Q3) Volatile solvents that act as CNS depressants are found in a wide variety of household products.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Paraldehyde is a CNS depressant that is currently available in several over-the-counter medications.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Among the sedative-hypnotic drugs,short-acting barbiturates seem to be the most likely to lead to drug dependence.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Medication for Mental Disorders
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40 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient presents with these symptoms: irrational beliefs,incoherent speech,and a severe lack of emotional response.He has had these symptoms for over 9 months and they interfere with his social function.He would most likely be diagnosed with _______ and treated with __________.
A)schizophrenia;aripiprazole
B)schizophrenia;paroxetine
C)bipolar disorder;lithium
D)bipolar disorder;amphetamine
Q2) Distinguish between Bipolar I Disorder and schizophrenia.
Q3) Bipolar I Disorder refers to
A)panic attacks.
B)agoraphobia.
C)posttraumatic stress disorder.
D)manic episodes with possible alternating depression.
Q4) One side effect common with the older antipsychotics,but less common with the newer ones,is
A)pseudoparkinsonism.
B)positive symptoms.
C)a lag period.
D)MAO inhibition.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Alcohol
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54 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Age 21 became the legal drinking age in all U.S.states in what year?
A)1933.
B)1945.
C)1970.
D)1988.
Q2) Total per-capita consumption of alcohol
A)has increased steadily since 1965.
B)has remained relatively constant over the past 40 years.
C)increases and decreases about every five years.
D)has declined considerably from its peak in 1981.
Q3) Heart attacks are
A)more likely in all drinkers than in those who abstain.
B)less likely only for those who regularly drink several glasses of red wine each day.
C)less likely for moderated drinkers compares to those who abstain.
D)not really affected by low or moderate levels of drinking.
Q4) Alcohol is involved in about one-third of all suicides.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
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Chapter 10: Tobacco
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nicotine acts in the brain to first stimulate and then block several nicotinic subtypes of cholinergic receptor.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The possibility of FDA regulation of tobacco products has been an ongoing topic since at least the early 1990s.Why do some think the FDA should regulate tobacco products,and what have been some of the issues that complicate how they might do this?
Q3) There is no evidence indicating that cigarette smoking has skin-aging effects.
A)True
B)False
Q4) One recent fad in tobacco use has been A)tobacco lozenges.
B)nicotine soap.
C)hookahs (water pipes).
D)snorting powdered nicotine.
Q5) The FDA has regulated nicotine content of cigarettes since 1964. A)True B)False
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Chapter 11: Caffeine
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most consistent withdrawal symptom after chronic caffeine use is A)headache.
B)drowsiness.
C)nervousness.
D)inability to sleep.
Q2) Caffeine is thought to relieve headaches because it is A)a vasodilator.
B)a vasoconstrictor.
C)an adenosine antagonist.
D)an adenosine agonist.
Q3) Green,black,and oolong tea are all prepared from leaves of A)Xanthus theo.
B)Camellia sinensis.
C)different herbs.
D)Coffea robusta.
Q4) In 2009,Americans consumed more gallons of coffee than of soft drinks. A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare caffeinism and the possible Caffeine Use Disorder.
Q6) Explain the effects that caffeine has on the central nervous system.
Page 13
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Sample Questions
Q1) The 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act increased the FDA's control over dietary supplements.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Aspirin was initially a brand name for Bayer's acetylsalicylic acid.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The 2006 revised PATRIOT Act required that products containing __________ be kept "behind the counter," and buyers must show identification and sign for their purchase.
A)pseudoephedrine
B)aristolochic acid
C)dextromethorphan
D)taurine
Q4) The acronym GRAS stands for
A)generally regarded as secure.
B)generally recognized as significant.
C)generally recognized as safe.
D)generally regarded as sound.
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Q5) Describe the recent history and current status of OTC weight control products.
Chapter 13: Opioids
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe how both positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement contribute to the development of addiction on opioid drugs.
Q2) The majority of U.S.soldiers who used heroin in Vietnam did so through the intravenous route because the drug was relatively impure.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Heroin became the drug of choice for many opioid users
A)around 1900,because it could be injected.
B)during the 1920s,because it was easier to smuggle the small amounts needed for an effective dose.
C)during World War II,when supplies of raw opium were cut off.
D)in the 1960s,because users believed that it was more pure than other opioids.
Q4) Naloxone and nalorphine are endogenous chemicals that have effects similar to morphine.
A)True B)False
Q5) The most popular prescription opioids are hydrocodone and oxycodone.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 14: Hallucinogens
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psilocybe mexicana and Psilocybe cubensis are examples of A)plants containing mescaline.
B)hallucinogenic mushrooms.
C)anticholinergics.
D)poisonous fungi.
Q2) is a close chemical relative of methamphetamine.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The U.S.Army experimented with the use of LSD in the mid-twentieth century. A)True B)False
Q4) Describe the early use of LSD in psychotherapy,and discuss why this type of research was stopped in the 1970s.
Q5) Similar to psilocybin,salvinorin A produces mystical experiences with no adverse effects one month after administration in the laboratory. A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain why PCP was thought to be a useful anesthetic and why this use failed to be practical for humans.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Marijuana
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Sample Questions
Q1) The abuse potential of THC
A)seems to be very low.
B)is higher for smoked than for oral THC.
C)is higher for oral than for smoked THC.
D)is very high regardless of how it is consumed.
Q2) In a study of heart rate changes following smoked marijuana with 4 percent THC or 20 mg oral THC
A)the heart rate increased much more after oral THC.
B)the peak effects were similar,but smoking produced a faster onset of effects.
C)smoked THC increased heart rate,but oral THC had no effect.
D)heart rates remained elevated for up to three days after smoking marijuana.
Q3) Panic reactions can be a common reaction in inexperienced marijuana smokers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The current shift in the U.S.public's attitude towards marijuana laws is probably partly related to which of the following?
A)Increasing evidence that marijuana is relatively innocuous.
B)Increased use of marijuana among young people.
C)A desire to spend federal funds more wisely and gain tax revenue.
D)A andC.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Performance-Enhancing Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) During and after World War II,it was found that malnourished people could gain weight more rapidly if they were treated with A)testosterone. B)cocaine.
C)ephedrine.
D)St.John's wort.
Q2) In the 1800s,the French cycling team endorsed Mariani's "wine for athletes" that contained A)testosterone.
B)amphetamine.
C)a trace of bull's blood.
D)cocaine.
Q3) Stimulant drugs like caffeine,amphetamines,and cocaine are sometimes considered to increase energy output and are,therefore,called __________ drugs.
A)androgenic
B)pharmacokinetic
C)ergogenic
D)tachyphylaxis
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18
Chapter 17: Preventing Substance Abuse
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Sample Questions
Q1) Out-of-school peer programs include peer influence approaches,as well as
A)peer participation programs.
B)peer policing programs.
C)peer evaluation.
D)peer pressure reversal.
Q2) Which of these was NOT discussed as an effective family-based drug prevention approach?
A)parenting skills
B)family interaction exercises
C)providing urine test kits to parents
D)parent support groups
Q3) According to the text,the ultimate goal of workplace drug prevention programs is to
A)prevent drug use by making clear that it is not condoned.
B)prevent drug use by firing employees who violate the rules.
C)prevent drug use by increasing the number of random urine tests.
D)None of the above
Q4) Discuss some of the early school-based attempts to prevent substance abuse and why they were abandoned.
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Chapter 18: Treating Substance Use Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most common form of medical treatment for opioid addiction is
A)methadone maintenance.
B)rapid opioid detoxification.
C)naltrexone therapy.
D)buprenorphine.
Q2) Motivational enhancement therapy has as its goal
A)helping the user move to another "stage of change."
B)helping the user "hit bottom."
C)confronting the user with all of the bad consequences of his or her behavior.
D)finding alternative activities to draw the user away from the substance.
Q3) Studies of court-ordered referrals to Alcoholics Anonymous versus other types of interventions have
A)found that none of these approaches is effective.
B)found that AA is more effective than other approaches.
C)found that other approaches are more effective than AA.
D)not found differences in effectiveness between AA and other approaches.
Q4) What medications are used in treating people diagnosed with alcohol use disorder,and how does each of these work?
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Page 20