Introduction to Psychopathology Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychopathology offers a comprehensive overview of the scientific study of mental disorders, focusing on patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that deviate from social norms and may impair daily functioning. The course explores the historical development of the field, core diagnostic concepts, and classifications of psychological disorders as described in contemporary diagnostic systems like the DSM-5. Students will examine various conditions, including mood, anxiety, psychotic, and personality disorders, alongside their causes, symptoms, and treatments. Emphasis is placed on integrating biological, psychological, and sociocultural perspectives to understand the complexities underlying abnormal behavior, as well as the ethical issues related to diagnosis and treatment.
Recommended Textbook
Abnormal Psychology Sixth Canadian Edition by Gordon L. Flett
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18 Chapters
3716 Verified Questions
3716 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction: Definitional and Historical
Considerations, and Canadas Mental Health
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196 Verified Questions
196 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychiatrists differ from clinical psychologists in that psychiatrists
A)receive training in scientific bases of behaviour.
B)receive training in diagnosis of psychopathology.
C)undergo personal analysis as part of their training.
D)prescribe medication.
Answer: D
Q2) Pinel was the first to remove chains from the mentally ill in asylums.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The 'Malleus Maleficarum' was
A)a witch hunt manual.
B)a ceremonial guide used by witches.
C)a treatment manual used in early mental hospitals.
D)a Freudian perspective on mental illness.
Answer: A
Q4) Mesmer believed that one person could change another's behaviour.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Current Paradigms and Integrative Approaches
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234 Verified Questions
234 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When you attempt to buy a soda from a machine, you only do so if the lights are on. According to Skinner, the lights on the soda machine are
A)positive reinforcement.
B)a discriminative stimulus.
C)a signal for extinction.
D)a conditioned stimulus.
Answer: B
Q2) Lou is in physics class and begins to feel disinterested. He then thinks about his girlfriend and their plans for that weekend. This is an illustration of:
A)Libidinal activity
B)Identification formation
C)Ego activity
D)Primary process thinking
Answer: D
Q3) According to Ellis, people should believe that they ought to be loved by everyone. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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4
Chapter 3: Clinical Assessment, Classification, and Diagnosis
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245 Verified Questions
245 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Esther was given a memory test in January and administered a different memory test one year later. She scored almost identically on both tests. This indicates that the memory tests have
A)high test-retest reliability.
B)high inter-rater agreement.
C)alternate-form reliability.
D)none of the above are correct.
Answer: C
Q2) The concept of comorbidity in abnormal psychology means that:
A)A client is diagnosed with at least two mental disorders.
B)A client is diagnosed with one mental and one physical disorders.
C)Two clinicians have to diagnose a client with the same disorder.
D)Two clients are diagnosed with the same disorder by the same clinician.
Answer: A
Q3) A cognitive therapist will pay particular attention to a client's negative thoughts.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Research Methods in the Study of Abnormal Behaviour
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194 Verified Questions
194 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) James and Marc are discussing the disadvantages of case studies, most specifically the degree of subjectivity involved. James challenges this, though, by stating that since interviews can be __________, multiple people can evaluate the content.
A)transcribed
B)watched via closed-circuit television
C)recorded
D)lengthy
Q2) "Approximately 1500 new cases of AIDS were diagnosed in 1988 in San Francisco." This is an estimate of the ________________ of AIDS.
A)prevalence
B)incidence
C)risk factor
D)statistical significance
Q3) The case, The Three Faces of Eve, was controversial because:
A)Some challenged the existence of multiple personalities
B)The individual in the case offered a different account of her treatment than her doctors
C)It ultimately did not offer much information on multiple personality
D)The case study challenged conventional wisdom on multiple personality
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Chapter 5: Anxiety Disorders
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179 Verified Questions
179 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A study of six anxiety disorders identified in the Virginia Adult Twin Study of Psychiatric and Substance Use concluded that:
A)GAD was influenced primarily from the environment
B)GAD was influenced primarily from genetics
C)GAD had a genetic component for females only
D)GAD had a genetic component for both males and females
Q2) Doug was frightened by a rat coming into his bedroom when he was a child, and he now has a rat phobia. However, despite having been severely shocked by putting her finger in an electric outlet, Martha has no fear of sockets. This inconsistency is explained by the theory of
A)preparedness.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)irrational beliefs.
D)avoidance conditioning.
Q3) The most common specific phobia is fear of heights.
A)True B)False
Q4) There are over 100 known phobias.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Body dysmorphic disorder is classified as a body-focused repetitive behaviour disorder.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Medication is often used in the treatment of hoarding disorder.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Adding a cognitive component to ERP for OCD helps with A)preventing the onset of OCD.
B)the client-therapist relationship.
C)eliminating dysfunctional beliefs.
D)restructuring the meaning of the obsession.
Q4) In DSM-5, obsessive-compulsive disorder is listed with other disorders and they are termed the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. What are the related disorders? Why are they all listed together with OCD?
Q5) OCD is diagnosed when obsessions interfere with normal functioning.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What are the two body-focused repetitive behaviours? How are they similar? How are they different?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Somatic Symptom Disorders and Dissociative Disorders
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189 Verified Questions
189 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) People with hypochondriasis, somatization disorder, and malingering will frequently go to their physician for diagnosis and treatment. Explain how a physician can differentiate between the disorders (i.e., describe each disorder)and how to treat each one?
Q2) Dissociative amnesia may be distinguished from brain injury by:
A)The loss of ego functioning in dissociative amnesia
B)Additional cognitive deficits in brain injury
C)The presence of prograde memory loss in dissociative amnesia
D)The presence of severe anxiety in dissociative amnesia
Q3) Aphonia, anosmia, and the experience of anesthesias are indicators of:
A)Dissociative disorder
B)Hypochondriasis
C)Dissociative amnesia
D)Conversion disorder
Q4) The Biopsychosocial Model of Conversion Disorder proposed by Stonnington et al. (2006)integrates two main elements. What are they?
A)Empirical findings and causal models
B)Empirical findings and biological factors
C)Causal models and psychological factors
D)Causal models and biological factors
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Chapter 8: Mood Disorders and Suicide
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267 Verified Questions
267 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tony has a choice between right unilateral brief ECT and right unilateral ultrabrief pulse ECT for treatment of his persistent major depression. You advise him to select __________, because __________.
A)right unilateral brief ECT; it has a high rate of treatment success
B)right unilateral ultrabrief pulse ECT; it has a much lower side effect profile C)either one; they both may work about the same D)neither; he's better off remaining depressed
Q2) A businessman commits suicide when he must file for bankruptcy. According to Durkheim, this is which type of suicide?
A)Altruistic
B)Egoistic
C)Intrinsic
D)Anomic
Q3) Perfectionism is associated with depression.
A)True
B)False
Q4) It is possible to experience mania without depressive episodes.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Stress-Related Disorders and Health Psychology
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250 Verified Questions
250 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A study by Capewell & O'Flaherty (2009)shows that premature cardiovascular disease _____.
A)cannot be avoided
B)can be avoided
C)is extremely difficult to diagnose
D)none of the above
Q2) The most effective type of coping has been found to be
A)inward-focused coping.
B)problem-focused coping.
C)emotion-focused coping.
D)None of the above is always most effective; it depends on the situation.
Q3) When activated, the sympathetic nervous system:
A)Decelerates the heartbeat
B)Contracts the pupil
C)Relaxes the bladder
D)Stimulates digestive activity
Q4) Why do some people who experience trauma develop PTSD while others who experience the exact same trauma do not (e.g., two students who were at the school of a school shooting)?
Q5) What are some of the major factors that contribute to essential hypertension?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Eating Disorders
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193 Verified Questions
193 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Night eating syndrome is a type of purging disorder.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The way that some individuals (including those with eating disorders)try to minimize making mistakes in front of other people both in terms of their physical image and in general has been termed
A)concern over mistakes perfectionism.
B)perfectionistic self-presentation.
C)self-image perfectionism.
D)socially-prescribed perfectionism.
Q3) Having been exposed to abuse _______ time(s)amplifies the risk of developing an eating disorder.
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)there is no relationship between having been abused and having an eating disorder
Q4) Serotonin is implicated in anorexia nervosa.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Schizophrenia
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244 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mr. Hart spends long hours sitting in a chair with his arms behind his back and his left leg tucked under. No matter what is going on around him, he remains in this position. This is an example of which symptom of schizophrenia?
A)Somatic passivity
B)Waxy flexibility
C)Catatonic immobility
D)Inappropriate affect
Q2) Conley et al. (2007)prospectively measured the link between depressive symptoms and functional outcomes in long-term treatment of individuals with schizophrenia. Results showed that at 3-year follow-up, those who were depressed at the outset were also
A)less likely to use relapse-related mental health resources.
B)to be a safety concern (e.g., violent, arrested, victimized, suicidal).
C)to have better medication adherence.
D)All of the above.
Q3) Which is required as part of the DSM-IV definition of schizophrenia?
A)Acute onset of symptoms
B)Symptoms for at least six months
C)Family history of schizophrenia
D)Dopamine imbalance
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Chapter 12: Substance-Related Disorders
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230 Verified Questions
230 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Controlled drinking" refers to:
A)Using aversion therapy to control the drinking of alcoholics.
B)The approach to alcohol use promoted by Alcoholics Anonymous.
C)Programs designed to teach alcoholics to drink in moderation rather than abstain completely.
D)Preventing alcoholism through changes in society and laws such as prohibition.
Q2) Alcohol abusers tend to:
A)Progress linearly from social drinking to becoming alcohol dependent
B)Drink heavily only on weekends and moderately during the week
C)Become heavy drinkers soon after starting to drink
D)Be quite variable in their drinking history and progression
Q3) Which is the most serious problem?
A)Substance abuse
B)Substance dependence
C)Substance use
D)All of the above are equally serious.
Q4) There are two illicit drugs can be used recreationally and also as part of medical or psychological treatment. Name them, and explain how each drug is used is each way.
Q5) Contrast biological and psychological therapies for alcohol use.
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Chapter 13: Personality Disorders
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218 Verified Questions
218 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The effect of punishment on psychopaths
A)is greater, although in the long term they tend to forget the consequences.
B)has a minimal effect.
C)is associated with lower efforts to commit antisocial acts.
D)usually results in greater psychopathic behaviour.
Q2) Two primary features of Linehan's diathesis-stress theory of borderline personality disorder are:
A)Ego functioning and transference
B)Object representation and cognitive style
C)Cognitive bias and attribution error
D)Dysregulation and invalidation
Q3) Describe how each of the odd/eccentric personality disorders are similar and dissimilar to schizophrenia.
Q4) Which neurotransmitter system has been implicated in anger control and has been implicated in borderline personality disorder?
A)Norepinephrine
B)Serotonin
C)GABA
D)Dopamine
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Chapter 14: Sexual Disorders and Gender Dysphoria
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201 Verified Questions
201 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The extent of the cover-up of pedophiles in the Catholic Church in Boston was the subject of the movie:
A)The Last Crusader
B)Spotlight
C)Children of a Lesser God
D)Church and State
Q2) Our current cultural practice is to
A)have people who identify as transgender attend therapy for years before transitioning.
B)use therapy to help transgender individuals be at peace with their biological sex.
C)provide sex-reassignment surgery to all who request it.
D)allow transgender individuals to transition as they wish.
Q3) Describe the human sexual response cycle. How is this cycle affected by the spectator role?
Q4) All people with transvestic disorder are easily identified because they cross-dress in public.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Disorders of Childhood
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237 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Margaret, a mentally retarded 35-year-old, lives in an institution and requires nursing care and constant supervision. She is unable to walk, go to the bathroom independently, or speak. What range does Margaret's IQ most likely fall into?
A)50 to 70
B)35 to 55
C)20 to 40
D)below 25
Q2) Which of the following is a learning disorder?
A)Pervasive developmental disorder
B)Mental retardation
C)Mathematics disorder
D)Attention deficit disorder
Q3) A new diagnosis in DSM-5 is disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, also known as "the temper tantrum disorder."
A)True
B)False
Q4) It is easier to prevent conduct disorder than to treat it.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Aging and Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Seniors have increased their prevalence of binge drinking.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Paraphrenia is schizophrenia with onset in old age.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following may explain why more psychotherapists do not specialize in the treatment of older adults?
A)The cognitive problems of most older adults make them poor candidates for insight-oriented psychotherapy.
B)Older adults do not seek out mental health services, so there is insufficient demand for the services of psychotherapists with this population.
C)The optimal mode of treatment for older adults is medication.
D)Clinicians expect that older adults will not improve with psychotherapy.
Q4) Delirium can be distinguished from dementia in that delirium is associated with:
A)Forgetfulness, memory loss
B)Poor social judgement
C)Slow insidious onset
D)Erratic, changing behaviour
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Chapter 17: Outcomes and Issues in Psychological Intervention
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158 Verified Questions
158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jamal is seeking treatment for combat-related PTSD. If his experience is much like others, he will receive:
A)Exposure based treatment
B)Empirically supported treatment
C)Whatever treatment his therapist is most comfortable delivering
D)No treatment, as the military denies the existence of PTSD
Q2) If a treatment for depression is said to be effective, that has been determined through controlled research studies.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Research indicates that therapeutic alliance:
A)Is unrelated to client treatment preferences
B)Ratings by clients and therapists are generally highly correlated
C)Is associated with rapid decline in maladjustment across different treatment modalities
D)Tends to change substantially throughout the course of treatment
Q4) The dodo bird effect refers to various therapies leading to similar outcomes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is emotion-focused therapy and how is it used with couples?
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Chapter 18: Legal and Ethical Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) The deinstitutionalization of mental patients was brought about because:
A)Innovative community programs were being developed in large numbers.
B)Institutions were increasingly viewed as being warehouses, inadequate for truly treating the mentally ill.
C)Of the high cost of maintaining patients in institutions.
D)Of the impact of riots by involuntarily committed psychiatric patients.
Q2) Which measure was developed by Marnie Rice and her colleagues at the Oak Ridge Mental Health Centre in Ontario?
A)HCR-20
B)PCL-R
C)VRAG
D)ARA-40
Q3) The Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists was developed:
A)By American psychologists
B)Out of the American Psychological Association code of ethics
C)Because Canadian psychologists were concerned that the APA code of ethics was too lax with regard to dual relationships
D)When the Canadian Psychological Association was founded
Q4) Can a person in Canada refuse treatment when civilly committed? Explain.
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