Introduction to Psychology Test Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychology provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. This course explores foundational topics such as perception, learning, memory, emotion, motivation, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social interactions. Students will examine major psychological theories, research methods, and real-world applications, gaining insight into how individuals think, feel, and act. Through lectures, discussions, and practical activities, the course encourages critical thinking and fosters an understanding of both the biological and environmental influences on behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Child Development 14th Edition by John W Santrock
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1797 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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153 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lorenz demonstrated the importance of experience during critical periods by imprinting goslings to
A) adoptive mothers.
B) himself.
C) each other.
D) surrogate mothers.
Answer: B
Q2) The ________________________ stage of psychosocial theory has the following characteristics: occurs in late infancy and toddler hood; infants discover that their behavior is their own; assertion of independence.
A) trust versus mistrust
B) autonomy versus shame and doubt
C) industry versus inferiority
D) initiative versus guilt
Answer: B
Q3) List the five stages of childhood development.
Answer: prenatal,infancy,early childhood,middle and late childhood,adolescence
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Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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Sample Questions
Q1) Between Christa's 14<sup>th</sup> through 20<sup>th</sup> week of pregnancy,a prenatal medical procedure was done in which a sample of amniotic fluid was withdrawn by syringe and tested to discover if the fetus was suffering from any chromosomal or metabolic disorders.What is this procedure called?
A) maternal blood test
B) ultrasound
C) amniocentesis
D) chorionic villi sampling
Answer: C
Q2) __________________ consists of observable characteristics,including physical characteristics and psychological characteristics.
A) Genotype
B) Chromosomes
C) Phenotype
D) None of these.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because experts look at the postpartum period as a family-centered event,which of the following would you not expect from the father?
A) The father needs to learn how to take care of the recovering wife.
B) The father needs to learn how to take care of the baby.
C) The father needs to pull away from the baby so the mother has an opportunity to bond with the baby.
D) The father needs to learn how to feel good about himself as a father.
Answer: C
Q2) Fertilization occurs when one single sperm unites with an ovum.This takes place in the
A) uterus.
B) vagina.
C) fallopian tube.
D) cervix.
Answer: C
Q3) List the three periods of prenatal development.
Answer: germinal,embryonic,and fetal
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Chapter 4: Physical Development and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the most pronounced physical change in middle and late childhood?
A) head circumference
B) waist circumference
C) leg length
D) proportional changes in relation to height
Q2) A review of the height and weight of children around the world concluded that two important contributors to height differences are
A) environment and nutrition.
B) ethnic origin and nutrition.
C) environment and ethnic origin.
D) gender and ethnic origin.
Q3) Since development occurs in a cephalocaudal sequence,what can Sarah,an infant,control first?
A) legs
B) arms
C) head
D) hands
Q4) Name the activities that help shape the infant brain's neural connections.
Q5) Describe the difference between left-brain and right-brain thinking.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gesell believes that motor development comes about through the unfolding of a genetic plan called
A) organogenesis.
B) maturation.
C) memory.
D) an activity plan.
Q2) When 3-year-old Mario plows his tricycle into the side of his 1-month-old brother Michael's crib,what response will Michael show?
A) Moro reflex
B) Babinski reflex
C) grasping reflex
D) rooting reflex
Q3) Describe the difference between habituation and dishabituation.
Q4) What would you not expect of a newborn's introduction to being immersed in water?
A) The newborn would stiffen his or her body and pull back from the water.
B) The newborn would have no fear of the water.
C) The newborn would hold his or her breath naturally.
D) The newborn would contract his or her throat to keep water out.
Q5) Explain the difference between sensation and perception.
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Developmental Approaches
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Sample Questions
Q1) The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's perspective is called
A) animism.
B) egocentrism.
C) centration.
D) irreversibility.
Q2) Six-month-old Claude kicks his crib really hard,causing the mobile above his head to shake.Fascinated by this reaction,he continues to kick his crib.Which substage of sensorimotor thought is Claude in?
A) secondary circular reactions
B) coordination of secondary circular reactions
C) tertiary circular reactions,novelty,and curiosity
D) first habits
Q3) Jean Piaget was a(n)
A) educator.
B) physician.
C) psychologist.
D) social worker.
Q4) Compare and contrast Jean Piaget's theory with that of Lev Vygotsky.
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Chapter 7: Information Processing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Annette is a 4-year-old in preschool.What would you expect of her thinking about her own memory skills?
A) She is withdrawn because she is having trouble remembering the other children's names.
B) She understands that she may have false beliefs.
C) She believes that other children will beat her in a memory game.
D) None of these.
Q2) Do infants have concepts?
A) No,they do not.
B) Yes,they do but they do not form concepts until late in their second year.
C) Yes they do although we do not know how early in their development.
D) Yes,but only if they are perceptually advanced compared to other children their age.
Q3) List and describe the three ways children will allocate their attention.
Q4) At the ages of 2 and 3 years of age,children begin to understand three mental states:
A) perceptions,physical development,and emotions.
B) perceptions,desires,and emotions.
C) desires,demands,and perceptions.
D) None of these.
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Chapter 8: Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) If Jaedyn's mental age and her chronological age are the same,what is her IQ?
A) 50
B) 75
C) 100
D) 120
Q2) Recent research has indicated a decline in creative thinking among U.S.schoolchildren.A reason cited for this decrease is
A) increased TV viewing.
B) decreased emphasis on creative thinking.
C) increased video gaming.
D) All of these.
Q3) Nine-year-old Amir has developed study skills that help him succeed in school.Sternberg would argue that this skill is best identified with __________ intelligence.
A) general
B) practical
C) creative
D) analytical
Q4) Compare and contrast mental retardation and giftedness in IQ and functioning.
Q5) Identify four methods of guiding a child's creativity.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Language Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The whole-language approach supports that reading should be
A) taught alone for its own sake.
B) focused on real-life materials.
C) integrated with other content areas such as science and social studies.
D) focused on real-life materials as well as integrated with other content areas such as science and social studies.
Q2) Which is the proper sequence for children's writing?
A) scribbling,printing letters,distinguishing between features of letters
B) scribbling,distinguishing between letters,printing letters,printing own name
C) scribbling,printing letters,printing own name,distinguishing between letters
D) None of these.
Q3) How many morphemes are in the word farmer?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
Q4) Compare and contrast the actions of recasting,expanding,and labeling.
Q5) Consider language development from birth through 2 years of age.Explain the process by using the major language milestones and ideas that support your responses.
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Chapter 10: Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Biological factors are only part of the story of emotion.For example,Ryan's caregiver plays a role in his neurobiological regulation.By soothing Ryan when he cries and shows distress,the caregiver is helping Ryan
A) know that crying will not help him get attention.
B) increase the production of the stress hormone.
C) modulate his emotions and reduce the level of stress hormones.
D) None of these.
Q2) In terms of emotional competence skills,an example of being able to detect others' emotions is
A) being able to differentiate whether you feel sad or anxious.
B) being able to differentiate whether others feel sad rather than anxious.
C) reducing anger by walking away.
D) appropriately describing a social situation in one's culture.
Q3) Psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas identified three basic types or clusters of temperament.Describe these three types of temperament.
Q4) Compare and contrast primary and self-conscious emotions in infants.Give four examples of each.
Q5) Identify the two implications of the functionalist view of emotions.
Q6) Describe and provide one example of when an infant may use anticipatory smiling.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Self and Identity
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Sample Questions
Q1) List the five forms of self-image with which an adolescent will relate.
Q2) The Self-Perception Profile for Children taps all of the following domains of self-concept,except:
A) emotional well-being.
B) social acceptance.
C) physical appearance.
D) scholastic competence.
Q3) Which of the following is not one of the four ways that children's self-esteem can be improved?
A) identifying the causes of low self-esteem
B) emotional support and social approval
C) achievement reduction
D) coping with problems
Q4) Domain-specific evaluations of the self are referred to as
A) self-esteem.
B) self-concept.
C) self-awareness.
D) self-understanding.
Q5) Describe and give one example of social cognition.
Q6) Compare and contrast self-esteem and self-concept.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who developed a theory of gender development based on children identifying with the same sex parent?
A) Bem
B) Freud
C) Kohlberg
D) Goldberg
Q2) Many social scientists,such as Eagly,locate the cause of psychological sex differences not in biologically evolved dispositions but in
A) contrasting positions and social roles of women and men.
B) evolutionary pressures.
C) hormonal difference.
D) All of these.
Q3) While visiting a foreign country,James notices that it appears socially appropriate for females to always begin a conversation and for males to always have the last word.This discovery gives insight into the culture's
A) sex differences.
B) gender identity.
C) value system.
D) gender roles.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Moral Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a side effect of service learning?
A) Grades and motivation improve for the students involved in service learning.
B) Self-esteem remains untouched.
C) Students become less alienated.
D) Students increasingly reflect on society's political organization and moral order.
Q2) _____________________________ is a concept based on the belief that students should learn to value things like democracy and justice as their moral reasoning develops.
A) Cognitive-moral education
B) History involvement
C) Hidden curriculum
D) Values clarification
Q3) List the three discipline techniques of parenting by Hoffman.Give one example of each.
Q4) The social-cognitive theory makes a distinction between
A) direct and indirect moral education.
B) autonomous and heteronomous morality.
C) moral competence and moral performance.
D) preconventional and conventional level of morality.
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Chapter 14: Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) The story about Shelley Schwarz,who was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis,sends the following message to people with disabilities when raising a family:
A) You have a greater possibility of raising children who are extremely dependent.
B) Raising a family that includes someone with a disability is not always the worst thing in the world.
C) Parent child relationships suffer greatly if the parent has a disability.
D) You cannot help but let the disability interfere with a relationship between a child and parent.
Q2) When describing his new neighbors,Stu says their parenting style appears to be "We love you,so go and do whatever you feel like doing." What parenting style is this?
A) indulgent
B) neglectful
C) authoritative
D) authoritarian
Q3) Tehra is a mother of three children.She is skilled at making friends,sharing with others,and leading others.What characteristics would you expect her children to display?
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Chapter 15: Peers
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Sample Questions
Q1) When you are informed that 8-year-old Gerald was named "most popular" by his classmates,you would least expect him to be identified as
A) conceited.
B) talkative.
C) self-confident.
D) attentive.
Q2) The type of play that occurs when the child transforms the physical environment into a symbol is called ___________ play.
A) sensorimotor
B) practice
C) pretense/symbolic
D) social
Q3) The key factor in predicting whether rejected children will engage in delinquent behavior later is their
A) impulsiveness.
B) disruptiveness.
C) aggression toward peers.
D) self-confidence.
Q4) Describe the difference between an early and a late bloomer.
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Chapter 16: Schools and Achievement
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the United States,what is the most common of the listed disorders?
A) speech problem
B) learning disability
C) emotional disturbance
D) hearing impairments
Q2) Which seventh-grader is most likely to not complete a high-school education?
A) an African American
B) an Asian American
C) a Latino
D) a white
Q3) _______________________________ is a setting that is as similar as possible to the one in which children who do not have a disability are educated.
A) Reverse inclusion
B) Least restrictive environment
C) Resource room
D) After-school tutoring
Q4) Compare and contrast the pros and cons of the "No Child Left Behind" law.
Q5) Compare and contrast mastery orientation and performance orientation.
Q6) Identify the characteristics involved with a learning disability.
Q7) Compare and contrast external and internal motivation.
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Chapter 17: Culture and Diversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Among the nations described as individualistic is
A) China.
B) Japan.
C) India.
D) the United States.
Q2) In the textbook's discussion of individualistic and collectivist cultures,it was found that members of an individualistic culture have higher rates of what four things?
Q3) Research has found that both parents and children of lower-SES backgrounds are at high risk for what problems?
Q4) Many two-generation programs have been put in effect to improve the conditions of poverty.What was one result of these programs?
A) There was more of an effect on children than parents.
B) There was more of an effect on parents than children.
C) There was no effect on parents or children.
D) Two-generation programs were impossible to evaluate.
Q5) Identify four different areas included in the definition of socioeconomic status.
Q6) List five positives and five negatives of technology on our lives today.
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