Introduction to Psychology Test Bank
Course
Introduction
Introduction to Psychology offers a comprehensive overview of the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. This course explores the fundamental principles, theories, and research methods within the field of psychology. Topics include biological bases of behavior, sensation and perception, learning, memory, motivation, emotion, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social interactions. Students will gain insight into how psychological concepts apply to everyday life and develop critical thinking skills to evaluate psychological findings and their implications.
Recommended Textbook
Culture and Psychology 6th Edition by David Matsumoto
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15 Chapters
750 Verified Questions
750 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: An Introduction to Culture and Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true regarding cultural worldviews?
A)Cultural worldviews contain attitudes,beliefs,opinions,and values about the world.
B)Cultural worldviews are universal belief systems about the world.
C)A person's cultural worldview always remains unchanged over his or her lifetime.
D)Having a worldview is a psychological process specific only to certain cultures.
Answer: A
Q2) One of the most important thinking abilities that humans have unlike other animals is the ability to _____.
A)believe that other people are intentional agents
B)maintain social networks and hierarchies
C)communicate with each other
D)invent and use tools
Answer: A
Q3) Population density influences culture,whereas climate does not.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Cross-Cultural Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) On the individual level,Triandis referred to collectivism as idiocentrism.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) According to Matsumoto and his colleagues,the general class of statistical procedures that helps to determine the degree to which differences in mean values reflect meaningful differences among individuals is called _____.
A)between-group statistics
B)effect size statistics
C)analysis of variance
D)multivariate analysis of variance
Answer: B
Q3) In unpackaging studies,"culture" as an unspecified variable is replaced by more specific variables in order to explain observed differences.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Enculturation
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory of human development,which of the following is an example of a microsystem?
A)A parent's workplace
B)School
C)Religion
D)The influence of time
Answer: B
Q2) Studies comparing American,German,Russian,and Japanese children's beliefs about school performance showed that American children had the lowest _____.
A)belief-ability correlations
B)belief-performance correlations
C)belief-esteem correlations
D)belief-power correlations
Answer: B
Q3) According to the study conducted by Smith and his colleagues,girls and boys defined bullying in very similar ways.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Culture and Developmental Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development,centration is the tendency to focus on a single aspect of a problem.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Cross-cultural studies suggest that Kohlberg's theory of moral development,as well as the methods for scoring moral stages according to verbal reasoning,may not recognize higher levels of morality as defined in some cultures.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to Jensen,the concepts related to religion,spirituality,and divinity are least important to the moral belief systems in the majority of cultures around the world.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to Ainsworth,a major determinant of attachment security is having a caregiver who is sensitive and responsive to a child's needs.
A)True
B)False
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6
Chapter 5: Culture, Self, and Identity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Studies indicate that bicultural individuals have multiple cultural systems in their minds and access one or the other depending on the context in which they are in.This is known as _____.
A)cultural frame switching
B)cultural exchange
C)culture shock
D)cultural worldview
Q2) The idea that people of different cultures all self-enhance,but they choose to do it in different ways is known as _____.
A)self-effacement
B)independent construal of self
C)tactical self-enhancement
D)cultural self-enhancement
Q3) Cultural worldviews are belief systems about one's self and culture.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Culture and Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Church,Katigbak,& Reyes (1998)and Church,Reyes,Katigbak,& Grimm (1997),the two additional traits,apart from the five dimensions,that described the Filipino personality adequately were:
A)cooperativeness and compassion.
B)tempermentalness and self-assurance.
C)responsiveness and hospitality.
D)dutifulness and argumentative.
Q2) The _____,one of the core components of the five-factor theory,representing the universal personality traits are not culturally variable.
A)external dispositions
B)characteristic adaptations
C)basic tendencies
D)motive dispositions
Q3) The term _____ refers to a consistent pattern of behavior,feelings,and thoughts that a person would usually display in relevant circumstances.
A) trait
B) morale
C) ethics
D) preference
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Culture and Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____ states that sex differences in social behavior result from the division of labor between men and women with regard to homemaker or worker outside the home.
A)social cognitive theory
B)social role theory
C)gender schema theory
D)expectancy theory
Q2) Several programs of research have shown that many gender-related stereotypes are universally held across cultures.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A common gender stereotype is that females are more aggressive than males.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The term _____ generally refers to the physical characteristics and differences between men and women.
A)sex
B)gender
C)sex role
D)gender role
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Chapter 8: Culture and Cognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term _____ denotes all the mental processes one uses to transform sensory input into knowledge.
A)aspiration
B)cognition
C)information
D)initiation
Q2) Ji,Zhang,and Nisbett (2004)conducted tests with Americans and bilingual Chinese (mainland and Taiwan)participants,having them group sets of three words in either English or Chinese.The test suggested that the cultural differences in categorization styles _____.
A)were affected by education
B)were not affected by education
C)were not affected by language
D)were affected by language
Q3) According to Stigler and Baranes,math skills are logically constructed on the basis of abstract cognitive structures,and not forged out of a combination of previously acquired knowledge and skills,and cultural input.
A)True
B)False
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Culture and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the context of cultural display rules,_____ refers to people showing an emotion but with another emotion to comment on it.
A) qualification
B) amplification
C) simulation
D) masking
Q2) In humans,_____ are emotions that focus on the self and are associated with cognitive representations of self and others as intentional agents.
A)self-conscious emotions
B)self-enhancement emotions
C)self-oriented emotions
D)self-centered emotions
Q3) Identify an accurate statement about basic emotions.
A)Basic emotions are triggered by a biologically innate system in human brains.
B)Guilt and pride are examples of basic emotions in humans.
C)Basic emotions are acquired by humans over a period of time.
D)Basic emotions are associated with cognitive representations of self and others as intentional agents.
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11
Chapter 10: Culture, Language, and Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ are specific verbal language and nonverbal behaviors that are encoded when a message is sent.
A)Pragmatics
B)Decoders
C)Signals
D)Channels
Q2) Placing both hands at the side of one's head and pointing upward with the forefingers signals that one is angry in some cultures (such as Japan);in others,however,it refers to the devil;and in others it means that one wants sex.This is an example of _____.
A)paralinguistic cues
B)emblematic gestures
C)proxemics
D)phonemes
Q3) _____ is the term used to define what we call ourselves and others.
A)Self-other referents
B)Other-directed characters
C)Generalized others
D)Self-pragmatic relationships
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Culture and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Roemer (1991),which of the following is a type of national health system?
A)Cumulative
B)Collective
C)Comprehensive
D)Captive
Q2) Differences across cultures in _____ play a role in contributing to the striking differences in rates of overweight and obesity.
A)ethnicities
B)lifestyles
C)gender roles
D)religious practices
Q3) According to MacDorman and Mathews (2008),which of the following ethnic groups has the highest infant mortality rate in the United States?
A)Mexicans
B)African Americans
C)Asian/Pacific Islanders
D)Native Americans
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Chapter 12: Culture and Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Whether to accept universal or culturally relative definitions of abnormality is a source of continuing controversy in psychology.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the context of cultural syndromes of distress,_____ is the extreme fear that one's genitals are shrinking or retracting into the body,causing death.
A)Whakama
B)Koro
C)Zar
D)Susto
Q3) In the context of the acculturation,adaptation,and mental health of refugees,_____ refers to the phenomenon whereby greater severity of trauma is associated with a higher likelihood of experiencing a psychological disorder.
A)dose effect
B)cultural reaffirmation effect
C)serial position effect
D)endowment effect
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Chapter 13: Culture and Treatment for Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) In traditional psychotherapy,individuals are discouraged to arrive at insights into their own behavioral and thought patterns underlying the mental illness.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Traditional psychotherapy has its origins in Western Europe and can be traced to _____,the father of psychoanalysis.
A)William James
B)Carl Jung
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Alfred Adler
Q3) According to Leong and Lau (2001),the _____ population tends to be the least likely to seek treatment.
A)African American
B)Latino
C)Native American
D)Asian American
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Chapter 14: Culture and Social Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true of attractiveness ratings based on the recent research conducted on North Americans?
A)Attractiveness ratings are positively correlated with modesty.
B)Attractiveness ratings are negatively correlated with adjustment.
C)There is no correlation between attractiveness ratings and dominance.
D)Attractiveness ratings are strongly correlated with intellectual competence.
Q2) The proposition that immigrants and sojourners with characteristics that match their host cultures will adjust better than those with less match is called _____.
A)cultural fit hypothesis
B)contact hypothesis
C)social orientation hypothesis
D)Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Q3) _____ refers to the tendency to view the world through one's own cultural filters.
A)Conservatism
B)Relativism
C)Ethnocentrism
D)Ableism
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Culture and Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) In terms of organizational fairness,_____ refers to whether one's contributions and efforts are considered in making organizational decisions.
A) restorative justice
B) distributive justice
C) equality
D) equity
Q2) According to Morris and Leung (2000),in _____ cultures,people in legitimate positions of authority can treat subordinates more harshly before this behavior is seen as unfair.
A) collectivistic
B) individualistic
C) horizontal,egalitarian
D) hierarchical,high-power-distance
Q3) Equality,with reference to organizational fairness,indicates whether the demographic characteristics of individuals such as age or seniority in the organization are considered primarily in making organizational decisions.
A)True
B)False
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