Introduction to Psychology Solved
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychology provides students with a broad overview of the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The course covers foundational concepts such as perception, learning, memory, motivation, emotion, personality, and psychological disorders. Students will explore major psychological theories, research methods, and real-life applications, gaining insights into how humans think, feel, and act both as individuals and within groups. This course lays the groundwork for understanding psychological principles and their relevance to everyday life and future academic pursuits in the field.
Recommended Textbook
Scientific American Psychology 1st Edition by Deborah Licht
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Page 2
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) At a DUI checkpoint, some cars are stopped at random; many others are not stopped. Using the terminology of psychological research, the cars that are stopped may be considered a _____ of all the cars that pass by the checkpoint.
A)sample
B)subset
C)cohort
D)population
Answer: A
Q2) Describe the biopsychosocial perspective in psychology. Explain how the perspective integrates or synthesizes at least three other psychological perspectives. Answer: The biopsychosocial perspective explains behavior by examining the biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors that influence it. The perspective emphasizes the complex interaction between these many factors. The biopsychosocial perspective integrates insights from many of the other perspectives in psychology: 11ea4e2a_2da6_0846_b59b_c354652130ab_TB4665_00
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3
Chapter 2: Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Men earn a majority of the bachelors' degrees in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Auditory cortex is to the _____ lobe as _____ cortex is to the occipital lobe.
A)parietal; somatosensory
B)parietal; visual
C)temporal; somatosensory
D)temporal; visual
Answer: D
Q3) The pineal gland secretes the hormone melatonin.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Which endocrine gland is matched with the correct function?
A)pancreas - regulates metabolism
B)pineal gland - regulates blood sugar
C)thyroid gland - controls sleep-wake cycles
D)adrenal gland - regulates salt balance
Answer: D
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Biology and Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Only about 2% of people can multi-task with little or no loss in efficiency.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which correlation coefficient would a researcher MOST likely find between college students' GPAs and the number of hours spent using social media each week?
A)-.85
B)-.30
C).05
D).35
Answer: B
Q3) Beth plays the lowest note on her ukelele, a middle C. Penny plays a middle C at the same volume on a harp. In this instance, the difference in sound between the two instruments represents a difference in:
A)frequency.
B)wavelength.
C)timbre.
D)amplitude.
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hypnosis may help Serena overcome her intense fear of dogs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Alcohol boosts the activity of the neurotransmitter GABA.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Speech becomes slurred when one's blood alcohol content reaches:
A).05.
B).08.
C).10.
D).15.
Q4) Dr. Destri argues that sleep functions to conserve energy during periods in which hunting and gathering would be dangerous or unproductive. Dr. Destri's views reflect the _____ theory of sleep.
A)evolutionary
B)consolidation
C)restorative
D)psychoanalytic
Q5) List three classes of drugs. Identify two drugs in each class and describe their physiological and behavioral effects.
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Chapter 5: Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Responses that lead to pleasurable consequences are more likely to be repeated." This is the law of:
A)consequences.
B)reward.
C)effect.
D)effort.
Q2) ______ is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that would elicit the same response naturally.
A)Classical conditioning
B)Operant conditioning
C)Observational learning
D)Shaping
Q3) Acquiring behavior is to maintaining behavior as _____ reinforcement is to _____ reinforcement.
A)primary; secondary
B)partial; continuous
C)positive; negative
D)continuous; partial
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research reviewed in the textbook suggests that practice tests:
A)decrease memory for material by increasing anxiety.
B)increase memory for material.
C)have little effect on memory for material.
D)have unpredictable effects on memory for material.
Q2) The organization of long-term memory is MOST nearly analogous to the organization of:
A)a dictionary.
B)a computer's directory structure.
C)an airline's routes.
D)the items on a clearance rack.
Q3) Distinguish between the encoding failure, decay, and interference theories of forgetting and provide an example of each.
Q4) _____ devices are methods for improving memory.
A)Eidetic
B)Mnemonic
C)Rehearsal
D)Elaborative
Q5) Describe anterograde and retrograde amnesia, as well as Alzheimer's disease. Provide a detailed response.
8
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) As a condition for a test's validity, a test's reliability is:
A)necessary.
B)sufficient.
C)both necessary and sufficient.
D)neither necessary nor sufficient.
Q2) A political science professor attempts to facilitate her students' completion of a term paper assignment by requiring them to first submit a topic statement, then a list of references, then a draft of the introduction, and then, finally, the completed paper. The professor is encouraging her students to use the problem-solving strategy of:
A)trial and error.
B)means-end analysis.
C)subgoals.
D)insight.
Q3) When one's memory for an event is especially vivid, one may overestimate the likelihood of the event's future occurrence.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Outline both theories of multiple intelligences.
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9
Chapter 8: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) A critical period is a specific type of sensitive period.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Define the term "attachment" as it used in psychology. Identify three attachment styles and describe how each style is reflected in infant behavior in Ainsworth's strange situation.
Q3) An individual's _____ is comprised of his or her 23 pairs of chromosomes.
A)DNA
B)genotype
C)dominant gene
D)phenotype
Q4) During the first year of life, the brain doubles in size.
A)True
B)False
Q5) From two months after conception until birth, the developing fertilized egg is called a(n):
A)zygote.
B)neonate.
C)embryo.
D)fetus.
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Chapter 9: Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first two theoretical approaches to motivation that attained prominence in the history of modern psychology were:
A)the instinct approach, then self-determination theory.
B)self-determination theory, then the drive approach.
C)the drive approach, then the instinct approach.
D)the instinct approach, then the drive approach.
Q2) When behavior is motivated by reinforcers in the environment, it is driven by _____ motivation.
A)intrinsic
B)internal
C)external
D)extrinsic
Q3) In Deci and Ryan's (2008) theory, self-determination is the motivation for:
A)realizing one's full potential.
B)extending beyond oneself.
C)growth and optimal functioning.
D)self-respect and feelings of independence.
Q4) Distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Provide an example of each from your own experience. Discuss how extrinsic motivation may affect intrinsic motivation.
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Chapter 10: Sexuality and Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sexual scripts are the:
A)behaviors that contribute to one's feeling of being either male or female.
B)cultural rules specifying "appropriate" sexual activities.
C)methods by which a culture transmits its gender roles.
D)rules, norms, and expectations associated with being male or female.
Q2) Human primary and secondary sex characteristics develop:
A)immediately after conception.
B)during the embryonic period of prenatal development.
C)by the end of the second trimester.
D)during puberty.
Q3) Katherine experiences a persistent inability to climax during intercourse. Katherine's case illustrates _____ disorder.
A)female orgasmic
B)genito-pelvic pain/penetration
C)female sexual interest/arousal
D)hypoactive sexual desire
Q4) Sex hormones are produced only by the gonads.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Identify and describe three differences of sexual development.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr. Cavanaugh creates an assessment to examine the relationship between the trait of hardiness and senior citizens' compliance with medication regimes. A reviewer finds, however, that scores on the even-numbered items of the hardiness measure do not correlate with scores on the odd-numbered items. Dr. Cavanaugh's hardiness assessment may lack _____ reliability.
A)split-half
B)interrater
C)test-retest
D)alternate forms
Q2) The TAT and the Rorschach are _____ tests of personality.
A)objective
B)reflective
C)projective
D)behavioral
Q3) Which choice correctly matches a neo-Freudian theorist with his or her key concept?
A)Adler - basic anxiety
B)Horney - inferiority complex
C)Jung - collective unconscious
D)Horney - archetype
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is unclear whether stress actually causes heart disease.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The component of the Type A pattern MOST strongly linked to coronary heart disease is that of:
A)hostility.
B)competitiveness.
C)time urgency.
D)ambitiousness.
Q3) Eustress is to distress as _____ is to _____.
A)response; stimulus
B)positive; negative
C)negative; positive
D)stimulus; response
Q4) Cortisol _____ one's response to immediate danger. It _____ immune system functioning when its levels remain high for a prolonged period of time.
A)impairs; impairs
B)impairs; improves
C)improves; impairs
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Chapter 13: Stress and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) The brain abnormalities seen in schizophrenia are thought to be related to psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. In other words, brain abnormalities may underlie some of the _____ symptoms of the disorder.
A)negative
B)positive
C)primary
D)secondary
Q2) Schizophrenia is one of the most heavily studied psychological disorders.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Pam is experiencing a major depressive episode. She is upset that she doesn't feel "like herself," and it bothers her that she has too little energy to participate fully in her family and work life. Pam's discomfort is an example of the _____ associated with psychological abnormality.
A)distress
B)dysfunction
C)deviance
D)disability
Q4) Review the biological and psychological contributors to depression.
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Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) In contrast to psychodynamic therapy, humanistic therapy does not require a high level of self-awareness or well-developed verbal ability.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Carl Rogers was a key figure in all of these EXCEPT:
A)insight therapy.
B)person-centered therapy.
C)psychodynamic therapy.
D)humanistic therapy.
Q3) Dorothea Dix is to Philippe Pinel as _____ is to _____.
A)French Revolution; Renaissance
B)moral treatment; mental hygiene
C)Renaissance; French Revolution
D)mental hygiene; moral treatment
Q4) Aaron Beck believed that automatic thought patterns are at the root of psychological disorders.
A)True
B)False
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) "He probably cheated on the test because he is a dishonest person." This statement is a(n) _____ attribution.
A)dispositional
B)situational
C)central
D)peripheral
Q2) Consider the old saying "Love and marriage go together like a horse and carriage."
Cross-culturally, to what extent is love an important factor in mate selection?
A)Love is not important in American culture, but it is important in a number of other cultures.
B)Love is not important in American culture or in many others for that matter.
C)Love is important in American culture but not in certain other cultures.
D)Love is important around the world.
Q3) Define compliance. Identify and define two compliance techniques. Provide examples of their potential use in advertising and sales.
Q4) Why is deception sometimes necessary in social psychological research? Discuss the ethical considerations surrounding the use of deception in psychological research.
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