Introduction to Psychology Review Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychology offers a comprehensive overview of the scientific study of human thought, behavior, and emotion. This course delves into the foundational concepts, theories, and research methods that psychologists use to understand how individuals perceive, process, and interact with the world around them. Students will explore major topics such as biological bases of behavior, learning, cognition, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social dynamics. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking, real-world applications, and the development of a scientific approach to analyzing human behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Children and Their Development 4th Canadian Edition by Robert V. Kail
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14 Chapters
2726 Verified Questions
2726 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2436
Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Child Development
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271 Verified Questions
271 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48369
Sample Questions
Q1) When a child sees someone having fun with a toy,their superego tells them to just grab the toy from that person and play with it.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) To measure children's social skill,you decide to use the number of interactions children have with other children.As you collect data,you notice that some children who have many interactions do not seem to be very socially skilled because many of their interactions are negative.This makes you question the ________ of your measure.
A)sampling
B)stability
C)validity
D)reliability
Answer: C
Q3) A theory is supported when research results match the theory's predictions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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3
Chapter 2: Genetic Bases of Child Development
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A child's 46 chromosomes include about ___________ genes.
A)10 000
B)50 000
C)25 000
D)100
Answer: C
Q2) Discuss genetic counselling.
Answer: A good answer will include the following key points:
- If parents fear that their children may inherit serious or fatal disorders,they may seek the help of a genetic counsellor before conception.
- A genetic counsellor constructs a detailed family history that can be used to decide whether it's likely that either the man or the woman carries the allele for the disorder they're worried about.
- Tests can also be administered after a woman is pregnant to determine whether the child she is carrying has an inherited disorder.
Q3) About 80 percent of in vitro fertilization attempts succeed.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn
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246 Verified Questions
246 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is TRUE of the influence of teratogens on prenatal development?
A)If a teratogen in harmful to one species of mammals it will be harmful to all species of mammals.
B)Teratogens have widespread,not specific,effects on prenatal development.
C)The timing of exposure to a teratogen is important.
D)Damage from teratogens is always evident at birth.
Answer: C
Q2) A cry that begins suddenly with a long burst of crying followed by a long pause and gasping is known as the
A)basic cry.
B)mad cry.
C)pain cry.
D)hunger cry.
Answer: C
Q3) Even occasional,mild anxiety has negative effects on the developing child.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Growth and Health
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191 Verified Questions
191 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Puberty
A)occurs earlier in boys than in girls.
B)occurs earlier in girls who experience more stress than in girls who have less stress.
C)occurs later in boys who experience more stress than in boys who have less stress.
D)is not influenced by genetics.
Q2) Which of the following accurately describes secular growth trends over the last 100 years?
A)Adults and children are heavier today but no taller than in previous generations.
B)Adults and children are heavier and taller today than in previous generations.
C)Adults and children are lighter and shorter today than in previous generations.
D)Adults and children have the same average height and weight today as they did in previous generations.
Q3) People with bulimia may purge food from their bodies by taking laxatives.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the characteristics of malnourishment and how should it be treated?
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Perceptual and Motor Development
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194 Verified Questions
194 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Newborns' sense of smell
A)is so poor that they cannot identify their mothers using the sense of smell.
B)is very different from that of adults.Newborns will turn away from odours that adults find pleasant (e.g. ,honey or chocolate).
C)is well-developed at birth.
D)is poorly developed because they do not turn away from unpleasant smells (e.g. ,rotten eggs).
Q2) Infants can differentiate sour,salty,bitter,and sweet tastes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ________ is the process by which we select information that will be processed further.
A)Habituation
B)Orienting response
C)Attention
D)Differentiation
Q4) What is habituation and how is it used to study perception in infants?
Q5) Discuss Bahrick and Lickliter's intersensory redundancy theory.
Q6) Suzanne wants her children to be more active.What advice can you give her?
Q7) Describe what is known about how well infants can smell,taste,and feel.
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Chapter 6: Theories of Cognitive Development
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172 Verified Questions
172 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A four-year-old is not capable of realizing that a baby pig that is adopted by a cow would grow up to look and behave like a pig.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Between ages five and seven,children develop a theory of mind.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The information-processing approach
A)is based on Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
B)states that human thinking is based on mental hardware and mental software.
C)proposes that there are four stages of cognitive development.
D)is no longer a widely used theory of cognitive development.
Q4) Preoperational children typically believe that others see the world,both literally and figuratively,exactly as they do,a concept known as egocentrism.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Name and describe the three components of mental hardware,as discussed by the information-processing theory.
Q6) Discuss assimilation and accommodation and the balance between the two.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills
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174 Verified Questions
174 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the impact of scripts on memory?
A)In trying to recall an event that fits a script,children can retrieve the script and use it to organize recall of the event.
B)Experiences that do not conform to the script may be forgotten or distorted.
C)Children may "remember" events because they are part of the script,not because they were actually experienced.
D)Memory distortions are particularly likely when children are recounting the first experience of a new activity.
Q2) Define a "heuristic" and give an example of when it might be used to solve a problem.
Q3) ________ refers to people's memory of the significant events and experiences of their own lives.
A)Infantile amnesia
B)Sensory store
C)Automatic processing
D)Autobiographical memory
Q4) What are some factors that contribute to improved reading comprehension?
Q5) Name and briefly describe the three basic principles of counting.
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Chapter 8: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition
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163 Verified Questions
163 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of the intelligences proposed by Gardner?
A)musical intelligence
B)sensory-perceptual intelligence
C)intrapersonal intelligence
D)bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
Q2) Studies of adopted children indicate that the impact of heredity on IQ decreases during childhood and adolescence.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Name and briefly define the nine intelligences in Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.
Q4) Your friend Elena has been asked to supervise an intervention program that is aimed at preparing disadvantaged children for school.Some people have objected to the program,claiming that it will be expensive and that it is unlikely to work.Based on the results of other Head Start programs,do you think that intervention will be effective? Is it worth it? Why or why not?
Q5) The Bayley Scales can be used to detect developmental problems.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Language and Communication
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180 Verified Questions
180 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Behaviourist theorists' claim that language is learned strictly through imitation and reinforcement has been challenged by other theorists who propose that an inborn mechanism helps children learn grammar.Give an example of a language phenomenon that behaviourists would have difficulty explaining and describe evidence that supports the notion of an inborn grammar-learning device.
Q2) Sign languages such as ASL and LSQ
A)are unstructured.
B)show displacement.
C)are not meaningful.
D)are not symbolic.
Q3) Which of the following is a CORRECT statement concerning the rules children use to learn new words?
A)If an unfamiliar word is heard in the presence of objects that already have names and objects that do not,the word refers to one of the objects that does not have a name.
B)A name refers to a part of an object,not the whole object.
C)A name refers to one particular object not to all objects of the same type.
D)If an object already has a name and another name is presented,the new name is incorrect.
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11
Chapter 10: Emotional Development
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162 Verified Questions
162 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Maggie is seven months old and is playing in an indoor gym with her mother.As a stranger approaches her,she moves closer to her mother.This is best an example of A)emotion regulation.
B)temperament.
C)display rules.
D)social referencing.
Q2) Emotion regulation begins in A)infancy.
B)the preschool years.
C)the school-age years.
D)adolescence.
Q3) Children with secure attachment relationships have higher-quality friendships and fewer conflicts with peers than children with insecure attachment relationships.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Complex emotions depend on the child having some understanding of self. A)True
B)False
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Understanding Self and Others
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177 Verified Questions
177 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children's self-worth depends on being valued regardless of actual competence.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Michael,15,was just broken up with by his girlfriend,Lisa.Michael's dad told him that he knows how he feels but that in time he will feel better.Michael is convinced that his dad does not know how it feels to be broken up with by a girlfriend and that his dad does not know what he is talking about.Which of the following terms best describes Michael's beliefs?
A)adolescent egocentrism
B)imaginary audience
C)personal fable
D)illusion of invulnerability
Q3) Describe Marcia's four identity statuses.
Q4) Young children's descriptions of other people tend to focus on
A)abstract traits.
B)psychological traits.
C)concrete traits.
D)integrating contradictory traits.
Q5) Discuss briefly variations in self-esteem associated with ethnicity and culture.
Q6) Discuss depression in adolescence.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Moral Understanding and Behaviour
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162 Verified Questions
162 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One likely path of genetic influence in helping behaviour involves ________,a hormone that influences many social behaviours (e.g. ,nurturance,empathy,affiliation,and cooperation).
A)oxytocin
B)testosterone
C)estrogen
D)adrenaline
Q2) Relational aggression is more common in girls than boys.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following questions is most likely to result in different answers depending on the culture of the children answering the question?
A)When is it acceptable to lie?
B)Should decisions in the personal domain be left to the individual child or to adults?
C)Is morality an issue for you?
D)Is it ok to hurt other people?
Q4) Briefly explain the relationship between failure in school and aggression.
Q5) Discuss the idea that there is an evolutionary basis to moral judgments.
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Chapter 13: Gender and Development
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Girls tend to ________ than boys.
A)be more active
B)be less healthy
C)have better fine-motor coordination
D)be more likely to have an attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder
Q2) Ellie,a girl,is likely to be ________ than Eddie,a boy.
A)more emotionally sensitive
B)less easily influenced by others
C)more aggressive
D)less empathic
Q3) Girls tend to be healthier than boys.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is an instrumental trait?
A)independence
B)emotionality
C)kindness
D)awareness of others' feelings
Q5) Discuss the development of gender stereotypes.
Q6) What are some of the explanations for gender differences in spatial ability?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Social Influences
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309 Verified Questions
309 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parents with lower socioeconomic status tend to be more controlling and more punitive,characteristics associated with the authoritarian style of parenting.
A)True
B)False
Q2) As children grow older,parents
A)become more physically affectionate with their children.
B)become less controlling of their children.
C)become more controlling of their children.
D)do not change their behaviour in terms of either warmth or control.
Q3) As a rejected child,Tyler is
A)more likely to drop out of school.
B)likely to do well academically.
C)no more likely than popular children to suffer from psychopathology.
D)more likely to conform to adult standards of behaviour.
Q4) Children often adjust better to parental divorce if they live with the opposite-sex parent.
A)True
B)False
Q5) List some common traits associated with firstborn,laterborn,and only children.
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