Introduction to Psychology Review Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychology provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. This course explores foundational concepts including perception, learning, memory, motivation, emotion, development, personality, and psychological disorders. Students will examine how biological, psychological, and social factors influence behavior, and they will be introduced to various research methods used in psychology. By integrating real-life examples and classic experiments, the course encourages critical thinking and helps students appreciate the relevance of psychology in everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
A History of Modern Psychology 11th Edition by Duane
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15 Chapters
1771 Verified Questions
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Page 2
P. Schultz
Chapter 1: The Study of the History of Psychology
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Modern psychology shares which of the following characteristics with ancient Greek philosophy?
A)An interest in the same kinds of questions about human nature
B)The development of common methods of research to answer questions about human nature
C)A reliance upon biology to help in the understanding of human nature
D)The denial that humans are composed of a physical body and a spiritual soul
E)None of the choices are correct
Answer: A
Q2) Although difficult to do,the data of history can be reconstructed or replicated. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The earliest possible starting point for psychology is approximately 1,000 years ago. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Philosophical Influences on Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Locke,the tickle of a feather would be a(n)____.
A)complex idea
B)primary quality
C)secondary quality
D)tertiary quality
E)essential quality
Answer: C
Q2) The nativistic theory of perception holds that certain ideas and mental functions are learned through experience.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) A basic principle of 17th century physics was that every physical effect is predictable and measurable.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Physiological Influences on Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) What was the ratio of a weight to its just noticeable difference weight when they were lifted? What was the ratio of a weight to its just noticeable difference weight when the weights were placed in the subject's hands?
A)1:40;1:30
B)1:30;1:40
C)1:40;1:25
D)1:25;1:50
E)None of the choices are correct.
Answer: A
Q2) ____ was a pioneer in research on reflex behavior showing that reflexes could occur in the absence of brain involvement.
A)Hall
B)Broca
C)Flourens
D)Galvani
E)Gall
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: The New Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) As Wundt stated in the Original Source Material on the Law of Psychic Resultants and the Principle of Creative Synthesis from the Outline of Psychology (1896),the ____ "finds its expression in the fact that every psychical compound shows attributes which may...be understood from the attributes of its elements...but which are by no means to be looked upon as the mere sum of the attributes of these elements.
A)principle of creative synthesis
B)use of physical measurements
C)use of psychic measurement
D)concept of habit
E)law of psychic resultants
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of Wundt's experimental conditions?
A)Observers must be able to describe the qualitative aspects of their experiences.
B)Observers must be able to determine when the process is to begin.
C)Observers must be in a state of readiness.
D)The observations must be repeatable.
E)It must be possible to control and manipulate the stimuli.
Q3) Discuss the differences between Wundt and Külpe,and describe some ramifications of those differences on contemporary psychology.
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Chapter 5: Structuralism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Titchener's graduate student observers were instructed to ignore certain classes of words called ____ words.
A)stimulus
B)error
C)meaning
D)distractor
E)reagent
Q2) A century before Titchener's work the philosopher ____ wrote that the act of introspection itself altered the conscious experience being studied.
A)Hume
B)Locke
C)Mill
D)Kant
E)Descartes
Q3) Titchener defined exactly what he meant by the introspective method.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss and give examples of the central criticisms of structuralism.What contributions has structuralism made to psychology?
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Chapter 6: Functionalism: Antecedent Influences
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who was the first to show that biological and social data were normally distributed?
A)Galton
B)Quetelet
C)Pearson
D)Huarte
E)Moyen
Q2) One of the early sources of modern child psychology was an article in 1877 by ____..
A)E.Darwin
B)C.Darwin
C)F.Galton
D)K.Pearson
E)J.M.Cattell
Q3) A sturdy root of functional psychology is animal behavior research.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the functionalist protest,including the definition of functionalism and the bases on which the functionalists objected to Wundt's psychology and Titchener's structuralism.
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Chapter 7: Functionalism: Development and Founding
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who succeeded Angell as head of the University of Chicago's department of psychology,under which functionalism at Chicago reached its peak?
A)Calkins
B)Dewey
C)Carr
D)Hall
E)Jung
Q2) ____ maintained that functional psychology was the American psychology.
A)Dewey
B)Hollingworth
C)Angell
D)Woodworth
E)Carr
Q3) Spencer found psychology to be a "nasty little science."
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the several ways in which functionalism expanded the field and/or practice of psychology.
Q5) Describe at least three contributions of Robert Sessions Woodworth to psychology.
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Chapter 8: Applied Psychology: the Legacy of Functionalism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Unlike ____,who used sensorimotor tests,____ assessed cognitive functions to measure intelligence.
A)Darwin;Galton and Cattell
B)Cattell;Witmer
C)Galton and Cattell;Binet
D)Binet;Terman
E)Goddard;Binet
Q2) The first to apply psychology to personnel selection was ____.
A)Yerkes
B)Münsterberg
C)Scott
D)Witmer
E)Hawthorne
Q3) What persuaded psychologists to apply their expertise to problems in education?
A)World War I and immigration
B)An increase in public school enrollment
C)Intelligence testing
D)The popular appeal and status of psychology
E)James's Talks to Teachers and the need to test and educate newly arrived immigrants
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Behaviorism: Antecedent Influences
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115 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pavlov's original term for learned responses was "psychic reflexes."
A)True
B)False
Q2) Habit strength is a function of repetition.This is an instance of ____.
A)Thorndike's law of effect
B)Thorndike's law of exercise
C)Pavlov's law of reinforcement
D)Skinner's principle of the extinction of competing responses
E)vicarious learning
Q3) Pavlov's view of psychology was ____.
A)initially favorable,then somewhat negative
B)always negative
C)always favorable
D)initially negative,then somewhat favorable
E)uncertain;he never said one way or the other
Q4) One criterion of positivism is that knowledge must be private in nature.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the ways in which functional psychology influenced behaviorism.
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Chapter 10: Behaviorism: the Beginnings
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Watson's system,fear,rage,and love are ____.
A)meaningless labels people have adopted
B)unconditioned responses
C)conditioned responses
D)associated reflexes
E)precognitions
Q2) McDougall believed that human behavior ____.
A)derives from innate tendencies
B)could not be studied
C)was a function of God's will
D)could not be predicted or controlled
E)was solely determined by the environment
Q3) Watson described conditioning in terms of ____.
A)symptom substitution
B)stimulus substitution
C)respondent substitution
D)response substitution
E)associated reflexes
Q4) Describe Lashley's contributions to behaviorism.
Q5) Describe Watson's treatment of instincts between 1910 and 1925.
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Chapter 11: Behaviorism: After the Founding
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Sample Questions
Q1) Operationism means that a concept ____.
A)must be defined in logical terms
B)is synonymous with its methods of measurement
C)must be mathematical
D)operates to control human mental processes
E)All of the choices are correct.
Q2) Tolman proposed ten causes of behavior in addition to environmental stimuli.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The "third stage" of behaviorism refers to ____.
A)the advent of humanism
B)sociobehaviorism
C)the reframing of psychoanalytic concepts in behavioristic terms
D)the implementation of behaviorism's laws of learning in clinical psychology
E)the return to Watsonian thought
Q4) What is Rotter's approach to cognitive processes? Describe his concept of locus of control including the difference between internal and external.
Q5) A major cognitive variable in Bandura's system is locus of control.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: gestalt Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) One reason Gestalt psychology did not influence American psychology in the 1930s was that its criticisms of Wundt's system were no longer necessary.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe the various contextual forces that interfered with Gestalt psychology's having a major impact in the United States.
Q3) Perhaps the best known of the books written by the Gestalt psychologists,The Mentality of Apes,____.
A)was the result of the influence of Darwin's theory of evolution
B)documented animals' purposeful behaviors to solve problems
C)aided in the discovery of perceptual constancies
D)is an example of the application of field theory to the behavior of monkeys
E)demonstrates the influence of the functionalist school and its emphasis on adaptation
Q4) Although acclaimed for his work on static and stationary physical Gestalts,Koffka is better known for his work on insight learning.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Psychoanalysis: the Beginnings
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sigmund Freud believed that his system was one of three great shocks to Western civilization.
A)True
B)False
Q2) At the time of Freud's death,the dominant form of American psychology was ____.
A)functionalism
B)behaviorism
C)Gestalt psychology
D)humanistic psychology
E)cognitive psychology
Q3) A major criticism of Freud's data is that there are discrepancies between his notes on the therapy sessions and the published case histories.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Freud's doctrine of psychic determinism was influenced by the physiologist Brücke.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the role of mechanism and determinism in Freud's system.
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Chapter 14: Psychoanalysis: After the Founding
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Sample Questions
Q1) Horney's system is called analytical psychology.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Jung called the two basic attitudes within the person ____.
A)anima and animus
B)introversion and extraversion
C)thinking and feeling
D)sensing and intuiting
E)judging and sensing
Q3) Rogers's argued that one's personality is shaped by how one perceives the present.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In Jung's system,the experiences that form the basis of personality are part of the ____.
A)personal unconscious
B)anima/animus
C)shadow
D)collective unconscious
E)persona
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Chapter 15: Contemporary Developments in Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) There are no structural psychologists left in the United States.However,structural psychology was a success because it ____.
A)discovered metal elements that compose consciousness
B)helped to establish psychology as an independent science
C)was able to perfect the method of introspection as a means to explore the nature of consciousness
D)discovered the phi phenomenon which shows that mentality has the job of trying to interpret reality from sensory inputs
E)None of the choices are correct.
Q2) Neisser's career was influenced by ____.
A)Miller
B)Koffka
C)Köhler
D)Maslow
E)All of the choices are correct.
Q3) The Gestalt school transformed psychology in the manner anticipated by its founders.
A)True
B)False
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