Introduction to Psychology Review Questions - 14792 Verified Questions

Introduction to Psychology Review Questions

Course Introduction

Introduction to Psychology is a foundational course that explores the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. Students are introduced to key concepts, theories, and research findings across major subfields such as biological psychology, cognitive processes, development across the lifespan, social interactions, and abnormal psychology. The course emphasizes critical thinking and the application of psychological principles to everyday life, while cultivating an understanding of research methods and ethical considerations in psychological research.

Recommended Textbook Psychology Modules for Active Learning 13th Edition by Dennis Coon

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2

Chapter 1: Introduction

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Q1) The S in the SQ4R method stands for A)search.

B)survey.

C)study.

D)sequence.

Answer: B

Q2) Good general test taking skills include reading all directions and questions carefully,quickly surveying the test before beginning,and answering the _______ questions first.

Answer: easy

Q3) If you remember that "gato" is the Spanish word for "cat" by visualizing a cat sitting on the top of a gate,then you are using a A)mnemonic.

B)signal word.

C)retriever.

D)lisan device.

Answer: A

Q4) Reflective learners set specific goals for studying with these goals being clear-cut and _______.

Answer: measurable

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Chapter 2: How to Study Psychology

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Q1) If you remember that the cerebellum controls coordination by picturing someone named "Sarah Bellum," who is very coordinated,then you are using a A)lisan device.

B)signal word.

C)retriever.

D)mnemonic.

Answer: D

Q2) According to the LISAN method,every lecture is based on a core of A)identifications.

B)ideas.

C)noteworthy examples.

D)specific terminology.

Answer: B

Q3) Two ways to become more reflective while reading is to use A)massed practice and experiential processing.

B)self-projection and transference.

C)animism and egocentrism.

D)self-reference and critical thinking.

Answer: D

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Page 4

Chapter 3: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

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Sample Questions

Q1) Research reports begin with a brief summary of the study and its findings called the ______.

Answer: abstract

Q2) The tendency to consider a personal description accurate if it is stated in very general terms is called the __________ effect.

Answer: Barnum

Q3) The word psychology comes from the roots psyche and logos,which mean respectively

A)behavior and science.

B)brain and science.

C)mind and knowledge or study.

D)personality and knowledge or study.

Answer: C

Q4) Deception,invasion of privacy,and lasting harm are considerations in the A)justification for doing non­laboratory,or "real world" experiments.

B)control of dependent variables in a field experiment.

C)determination of the degree of placebo effect.

D)ethics of behavioral research.

Answer: D

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Chapter 4: Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now

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Q1) Which theorist believed that our behavior is deeply influenced by unconscious thoughts,impulses,and desires,especially those concerning sex and aggression?

A)John Watson

B)Sigmund Freud

C)Wilhelm Wundt

D)William James

Q2) The first psychological laboratory in Leipzig,Germany was set up in order to A)break down conscious experiences,such as sensations.

B)study how the use of reinforcement and punishment alter behaviors.

C)understand the unconscious conflicts individuals experience.

D)understand how language and intelligence develop.

Q3) "I'm studying how people use movement-based computer interfaces,like Xbox Kinect." This statement would most likely be made by which type of psychologist?

A)engineering

B)comparative

C)environmental

D)sensation and perception

Q4) Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow advocated the school of thought known as ______ psychology.

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Chapter 5: Introducing Psychology: the Psychology Experiment

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Q1) Suppose you want to find out if using cell phones while driving a car affects the likelihood of having an accident.Driving ability as defined by the scores achieved on a test of driving ability would be the ______ variable.

A)independent

B)control

C)extraneous

D)dependent

Q2) The dependent variable is often revealed by measures of performance,such as test scores.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Dr.Langston is undertaking a formal trial to confirm or disconfirm his hypothesis regarding whether his new drug will more rapidly alleviate migraine headaches.Dr.Langston is conducting a(n)

A)naturalistic observation.

B)medical survey.

C)case study.

D)experiment.

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Chapter 6: Introducing Psychology: Non-Experimental

Research Methods

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Q1) Simister and Cooper decided to find out if there is a relationship between crime and the weather.They obtained data on temperatures and criminal activity in Los Angeles over a four-year period.When they graphed air temperature and the frequency of aggravated assaults,they found that assaults and temperatures rise and fall more or less in parallel.Simister and Cooper conducted a(n) _______ study.

A)naturalistic observation

B)statistical inventory

C)correlational

D)experimental

Q2) A positive correlation means that as one variable increases,the other variable

A)increases.

B)decreases.

C)remains constant.

D)is unpredictable.

Q3) Decreases in one measure are matched by decreases in the other measure in a A)nonexistent relationship.

B)positive correlation.

C)negative correlation.

D)zero correlation.

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Chapter 7: Psychology in Action: Thinking Critically About the Media

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Q1) A psychologist visiting a classroom concludes that one of the children is depressed because the child is quiet and unresponsive.Actually,the child has the flu.The psychologist has made what error?

A)failure to distinguish correlation from causation

B)failure to distinguish inference from observation

C)failure to use experimental controls

D)failure to obtain a representative sample

Q2) If you see your mother in the kitchen crying and incorrectly assume she is upset when her tears are really due to peeling an onion,you have failed to distinguish between _______ and inference.

Q3) After seeing a friend of yours being uncharacteristically quiet,you decide that your friend must be depressed.You later find out that your friend is not depressed but sleepy from staying up all night working on a term paper.You made this error because you failed to distinguish between observation and inference.

A)True

B)False

Q4) If you see a course advertised that offers a "new personality in three sessions" or "six steps to love and fulfillment in marriage," you should beware of these _______.

Page 9

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Chapter 8: Brain and Behavior: Neurons and the Nervous System

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Q1) Miriam has been suffering from numbness,weakness,and partial paralysis.Miriam's doctor told her that her immune system has attacked and destroyed the myelin in her body,causing her to have

A)rheumatoid arthritis.

B)multiple sclerosis.

C)Huntington's disease.

D)muscular dysthrophy.

Q2) The usual flow of information in a reflex arc is

A)cranial nerve,connector neuron,spinal nerve

B)sensory neuron,connector neuron,motor neuron

C)effector cell,interneuron,connector neuron

D)sensory neuron,motor neuron,reflex neuron

Q3) Cocaine triggers an increase in which neurotransmitter resulting in a drug "high" in the reward system of the brain?

A)serotonin

B)acetylcholine

C)dopamine

D)histamine

Q4) The capacity of our brains to change in response to experience is referred to as

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Chapter 9: Brain and Behavior: Brain Research

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Q1) According to Haier's PET scan research,persons who do well on difficult reasoning tests have brains that

A)are the most active and consume the most glucose.

B)consume the least glucose.

C)have the largest corpus callosums.

D)are the easiest to study using EEGs.

Q2) Ray awoke one morning to find that he could not see anything in the upper right side of his visual field,his right eye and the right side of his mouth looked different in the mirror,his gait when walking was a bit awkward,and he felt generally "clumsy." Ray is exhibiting

A)neurological soft signs of a stroke.

B)the initial onset of spatial neglect.

C)hard neurological signs of facial agnosia.

D)the initial onset of Alzheimer's disease.

Q3) The research strategy of linking specific structures in the brain with specific psychological or behavioral functions is known as neurocortical induction.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Describe and compare the two main structural imaging techniques.

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Chapter 10: Brain and Behavior: Hemispheres and Lobes of the Cortex

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Q1) Which of the following changes would you expect to occur in someone whose parietal lobes were damaged in an accident?

A)development of blind spots in the visual field

B)reduced capacity to hear sounds

C)reduced reasoning and planning abilities and changes in personality

D)inability to sense hot and cold

Q2) Regarding the cerebral cortex of humans,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The cerebral cortex covers most of the brain with a mantle of gray matter.

B)The cerebral cortex is only 10 millimeters thick (one third of an inch).

C)The cerebral cortex contains 70 percent of the neurons in the central nervous system.

D)The cerebral cortex shows corticalization.

Q3) Damage to Broca's area causes great difficulty in

A)speaking or writing.

B)walking.

C)understanding the meaning of words.

D)feeling pain.

Q4) The increased size and wrinkling of the cerebral cortex in higher animals is referred to as _______.

Page 12

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Chapter 11: Brain and Behavior: Sub-Cortex and Endocrine System

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Q1) A critical link between the chemical and neural information systems in humans is the link between the reticular formation and the pituitary gland.

A)True

B)False

Q2) The adrenal medulla secretes corticoids,while the adrenal cortex secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

A)True

B)False

Q3) The control of vital bodily functions,such as heart rate and breathing,is carried out primarily by the part of the hindbrain known as the _______.

Q4) Which system is considered a parallel communication system to the nervous system in the body with its secretions passing directly into the bloodstream or lymph system?

A)endocrine

B)reticular activating

C)limbic

D)somatosensory

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Chapter 12: Psychology in Action: Handedness

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Q1) Regarding handedness,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Studies of identical twins show that hand preferences are not directly inherited like eye color or skin color.

B)Handedness is influenced by a single gene on the X chromosome.

C)Two left-handed parents are more likely to have a left-handed child than two right-handed parents are.

D)Left-handedness is more common in females than in males.

Q2) Regarding handedness,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Right-handed persons are better at visualizing three-dimensional objects than left-handed persons.

B)More musicians are ambidextrous than would normally be expected.

C)Left-handed persons have more difficulty recovering from brain injury and language loss than do right-handed persons.

D)Right-handed persons have a clear advantage in the sports of boxing,tennis,handball,and fencing.

Q3) The differences between the two sides of the body,especially differences in the abilities of the brain hemispheres are referred to as __________.

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Page 14

Chapter 13: Human Development: Heredity and Environment

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Q1) Within the nucleus of every human cell are 46 thread-like structures that hold the coded instructions of heredity. These 46 structures are called

A)gametes.

B)DNA organic acids.

C)chromosomes.

D)genes.

Q2) The broad outlines of the human growth sequence are virtually universal.This fact is evidence of the effect of which of the following on development?

A)heredity

B)temperament

C)environment

D)motor primacy

Q3) According to Thomas and Chess,the smallest percentage of children (10 percent)display what type of temperament?

A)easy

B)difficult

C)slow-to-warm-up

D)generic

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Chapter 14: Human Development: Emotional and Social Development in Childhood

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following statements concerning maternal and paternal influences is FALSE?

A)Mothers spend about twice as long each day on child care as compared to fathers.

B)Fathers spend more time on interactive care,such as playing,reading,or other activities,than on physical and emotional care,such as feeding,bathing,and soothing.

C)Compared to fathers,mothers spend more time on travel,such as driving children to sports or music lessons and in communications,such as talking to teachers about their children.

D)Compared to mothers,fathers spend more time providing passive care,such as supervising children while they play.

Q2) According to Mary Ainsworth,the quality of attachment is revealed by A)the goodness-of-fit between a baby's temperament and their parents' temperaments.

B)a baby's vocalization toward their parents and their use of social referencing. C)how babies act when their mothers leave them alone and then return a short time later.

D)how much the child clings to the parent when they are in need of comfort.

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Chapter 15: Human Development: Language and Cognitive Development in Childhood

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Sample Questions

Q1) Learned knowledge and skills are called _______ intelligence.

A)practical

B)fluid

C)crystallized

D)experiential

Q2) Your baby is about two months old and is repeating vowel sounds,such as saying "oo" over and over while you are holding her.She is

A)babbling.

B)telegraphing.

C)cooing.

D)delayed.

Q3) Younger children cannot understand why the driver of a car cannot see them if they can see the car.This illustrates egocentric thought,a limitation of the _______ stage.

A)sensorimotor

B)concrete operational

C)preoperational

D)preformal

Q4) A specialist in the psychology of language is called a(n) _______.

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Q5) The false-belief task is used to assess whether a child has developed _______.

Chapter 16: Human Development: Adolescence and Adulthood

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Q1) According to Kübler­Ross,the generally­accepted order of emotional reactions in preparing for death is

A)anger,depression,bargaining,denial and isolation,and acceptance.

B)denial and isolation,anger,bargaining,depression,and acceptance.

C)anger,depression,denial and isolation,bargaining,and acceptance.

D)depression,anger,denial and isolation,bargaining,and acceptance.

Q2) Ideally,reworking old identities,achieving valued goals,finding one's own truths,and preparing for old age are all part of the _____ transition.

A)elderly

B)midlife

C)senior citizen

D)ageism

Q3) Career difficulties and unemployment can pose serious challenges to adult well-being not only because of financial pressures but also because many adults derive which of the following from their work?

A)friendships.

B)identity.

C)creativity

D)structure and stability.

Page 18

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Chapter 17: Psychology in Action: Well-Being and Happiness

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Q1) Jeffery just won a large lottery.If he is like most lottery winners,

A)he will be significantly happier than he was before winning the lottery.

B)he will be less happy than he was before winning the lottery.

C)his level of happiness will not change since instant riches have not been shown to affect happiness.

D)his level of happiness is not predictable.

Q2) Mary is very satisfied with her life.She describes her life as "a sunny day with only an occasional dark cloud." Mary is exhibiting A)self-efficacy.

B)hypomania.

C)subjective well-being.

D)emotional intelligence.

Q3) Some people are more temperamentally disposed to be happy,regardless of life events.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Regarding whether one is married,separated,divorced,or single,the people who report the greatest happiness are the people who are __________.

Page 19

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Chapter 18: Sensation and Perception: Sensory Processes

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Q1) You are undergoing a PET scan.The doctor finds that when he asks you questions,the temporal lobe of the brain shows activation,while areas on the somatosensory area of the parietal lobe are activated when your hand is stroked.This association of brain area activation and sensation experienced illustrates A)sensory gating.

B)sensory assimilation.

C)sensory localization.

D)cerebralization.

Q2) The process of detecting physical energies with the sensory organs is called A)sensation. B)perception.

C)adaptation.

D)cognition.

Q3) When listening to your professor's lecture,hearing the various sounds of the professor's words would involve the process of A)perception. B)sensation.

C)assimilation.

D)accommodation.

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Chapter 19: Sensation and Perception: Vision

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Q1) Damage to the receptors for peripheral vision could be expected to create A)presbyopia.

B)tunnel vision. C)myopia.

D)color blindness.

Q2) Trichromatic theory states that in the eye,there are three kinds of A)rods.

B)phosphenes.

C)ganglion cells.

D)cones.

Q3) White light is A)made up of the longest wavelengths. B)made up of the shortest wavelengths. C)a mixture of many wavelengths. D)the absence of any wavelength.

Q4) A small cup-shaped area in the middle of the retina that produces the sharpest images and contains only cones is the __________.

Q5) The area of the retina is about the size and thickness of a postage stamp. A)True B)False

21

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Chapter 20: Sensation and Perception: The Other Senses

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Q1) The order of sensitivity to the four basic taste sensations may have

A)helped prevent malnutrition.

B)helped prevent poisonings.

C)led to cooked food.

D)been connected with one's pheromones.

Q2) Hunter's notch refers to a(n)

A)heredity cochlea defect.

B)specific type of hearing loss.

C)decibel level of gunfire.

D)ear protection device.

Q3) The somesthetic senses include

A)gustation,olfaction,and the vestibular sense.

B)olfaction,the vestibular sense,and the kinesthetic sense.

C)touch,the vestibular sense,and the kinesthetic sense.

D)the vestibular sense,the kinesthetic sense,and audition.

Q4) Which would represent the greatest loss to a professional wine taster or chef?

A)vestibular loss

B)injury to the pinna

C)olfactory loss

D)injury to the cochlea

Page 22

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Chapter 21: Sensation and Perception: Perceptual

Processes

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Q1) When you are driving in a car,road signs on the edge of the road seem to move past you faster than the houses and buildings in the distance.This is called

A)aerial perspective.

B)linear perspective.

C)relative size.

D)relative motion.

Q2) Peter,who uses PCP,sees "flaky black smoke falling from the ceiling." Peter is experiencing a A)visual hallucination.

B)visual illusion.

C)perceptual reconstruction.

D)sane hallucination.

Q3) A hallucination is

A)another name for an illusion.

B)a distorted or misleading perception of stimuli that actually exist.

C)a perception of objects or events that have no external reality.

D)characterized by none of these.

Q4) When one can alternately see both a wine glass and then two faces within the same image,this illustrates the reversibility of _______ images.

Page 23

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Chapter 22: Sensation and Perception: Perception and Objectivity

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Q1) Because Robin has more experience with people from her own race,she is better able to recognize people from her own race because she is more familiar with the features that help us recognize different persons.This illustrates the importance of A)habituation.

B)sensory adaptation.

C)perceptual learning.

D)dishabituation.

Q2) Because Orlando knows that his perceptions are not automatically accurate,he tries to actively look for additional evidence to check his perceptions by asking questions,seeking clarifications,and finding alternate channels of information.Orlando is engaged in

A)habituation.

B)sensory assimilation.

C)reality testing.

D)forming perceptual sets.

Q3) The novice chef who discovers how to tell the difference between dried basil,oregano,and tarragon is exhibiting sensory assimilation.

A)True

B)False

24

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Chapter 23: Psychology in Action: Extrasensory Perception

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Q1) Reinterpretation in psi experiments,like Edgar Mitchell's experiment,involves

A)discounting the Barnum effect.

B)using double-blind research techniques.

C)safeguarding against fraud and deception.

D)defining scores,both above and below chance,as successes.

Q2) The purported ability to perceive events in ways that cannot be explained by known sensory capacities is referred to as

A)top-down processing.

B)bottom-up processing.

C)the perceptual set.

D)extrasensory perception.

Q3) Miss Cleo and her "psychic hot line" operators provided information to the people who called regarding questions about their future by using a set of techniques known as A)clairvoyance interpretation.

B)psi interpretation.

C)cold reading.

D)dishabituation reading.

Q4) Events that seem to defy accepted scientific laws are known as _______.

Q5) The purported ability to predict future events is called _______.

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Chapter 24: Consciousness: States of Consciousness

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Q1) The detached part of the hypnotized person's awareness that silently views the events occurring during hypnosis is called the __________.

Q2) Of those listed,hypnosis has been shown to be LEAST effective

A)in helping people make better progress during therapy.

B)as a way of controlling pain.

C)in modifying behaviors,such as smoking or overeating.

D)as a tool for inducing relaxation.

Q3) Which of the following is NOT a reason that stage hypnotists can get people to do strange things on stage?

A)The "hypnotized" volunteers don't want to "spoil the act" while on stage.

B)Stage hypnotists use tricks and deception,which the audience does not seem to question.

C)The audience response tends to bring out the "ham" in the volunteers.

D)The volunteers are experiencing a dissociative state of hypnosis.

Q4) While meditating,Bradley tries to achieve a total non-judgmental awareness of the world.Bradley is using _______ meditation.

Q5) Discuss the two theories of hypnosis,including Hilgard's demonstration involving the painful use of ice water.

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Chapter 25: Consciousness: Sleep and Dreams

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Q1) Jorge and Sietta's three­month­old baby is very small and has a high­pitched cry.The baby has been showing signs of a cold and cough,has been breathing through his mouth,and has been waking up frequently during the night.

Jorge and Sietta's baby should be monitored to prevent A)narcolepsy.

B)night terrors.

C)cataplexy.

D)SIDS.

Q2) Regarding narcolepsy,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Maintaining a high level of emotional excitement,such as laughing,tends to prevent the occurrence of narcoleptic episodes.

B)People with narcolepsy tend to fall directly into REM sleep.

C)There is no known cure for narcolepsy,but a drug named sodium oxybate reduces the frequency and intensity of the attacks.

D)The hereditary basis for narcolepsy has been confirmed by the breeding of several generations of narcoleptic dogs.

Q3) Short bursts of brain activity in Stage 2 sleep are called _______.

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Page 27

Chapter 26: Consciousness: Psychoactive Drugs

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Q1) Jacob is suffering from amphetamine psychosis.When in this state,Jacob's most prominent symptom will be

A)severe depression.

B)panic attacks.

C)paranoid delusions.

D)auditory hallucinations.

Q2) Jessie,who is a freshman in college,has become addicted to an opium derivative,which has become popular with younger abusers.Jessie's drug addiction is most likely to A)GHB.

B)Oxycontin.

C)MDMA.

D)methamphetamine.

Q3) If Terry stops taking Oxycontin,he develops physical ailments,such as chills,cramps,and diarrhea.Terry is experiencing A)tolerance.

B)physical dependence.

C)psychological dependence.

D)drug psychosis.

Q4) Marijuana,LSD,mescaline,and psilocybin are classified as _______.

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Chapter 27: Psychology in Action: Exploring and Using Dreams

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Q1) Anna has an argument with her roommate and then dreams that she accidentally put a red towel in with her roommate's white clothes in the washer.According to Freud,this could be an example of

A)condensation.

B)displacement.

C)compensation.

D)secondary elaboration.

Q2) Regarding "catching" and understanding dreams,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Natural awakening almost always follows soon after a REM period.

B)Remember that drinking alcohol before going to bed tends to increase REM sleep and dreaming.

C)Opening your eyes will disrupt dream recall.

D)Keep dreams in chronological order and review them periodically to reveal recurrent themes.

Q3) In order for you to be able to periodically review your past dreams,it is recommended that you record your dreams in chronological order within a permanent dream .

Q4) Describe Sigmund Freud's four dream processes and give an example of each.

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Chapter 28: Conditioning and Learning: Types of Learning

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199 Verified Questions

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Sample Questions

Q1) A critical variable in determining whether modeled behavior will be imitated is

A)the attractiveness of the situation in which the model appears.

B)the unconscious motivation of the learning.

C)the interpersonal relationship between model and learner.

D)whether the model is successful or unsuccessful.

Q2) Classical conditioning is based on

A)the consequences of making a response.

B)what happens before we respond.

C)punishments the organism receives.

D)the observation of another organism being reinforced for a response.

Q3) The blinking of your eye to a puff of air would be a good example of a(n) A)antecedent.

B)reflex.

C)precursor.

D)secondary reinforcer.

Q4) The type of learning that involves higher mental processes,such as understanding,knowing,or anticipating is called _______ learning.

Q5) Describe three ways in which conditioning techniques can be used to help people to learn to conserve energy resources.

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Chapter 29: Conditioning and Learning: Classical Conditioning

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Q1) Ms.Reed's emotional reaction to her ordeal of being trapped in an elevator for several hours has generalized to a fear of all enclosed spaces.This is an example of A)operant response.

B)instrumental response.

C)a phobia.

D)a desensitization.

Q2) Theresa has a phobia of insects and is undergoing a therapeutic technique in which she will be gradually exposed to the phobic stimuli of insects while she remains calm and relaxed.This therapeutic technique is called _______.

Q3) The reappearance of a previously extinguished response is known as A)a stimulus generalization.

B)a spontaneous recovery.

C)shaping.

D)latent learning.

Q4) The learned ability to respond differently to various stimuli is known as A)stimulus degeneralization.

B)stimulus discrimination.

C)positive transfer of responding.

D)negative transfer of responding.

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Chapter 30: Conditioning and Learning: Operant

Conditioning

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Sample Questions

Q1) Taking away a teen's privileges or using time out with younger children are examples of

A)aversive conditioning.

B)response chaining.

C)negative reinforcement.

D)punishment.

Q2) A rat in a Skinner box is going through several training sessions where the light that illuminates the box is alternately turned on and off.When the light is on,a bar press will produce food.When the light is off,bar pressing goes unrewarded.We soon observe that the rat presses vigorously when the light is on and ignores the bar when the light is off.This illustrates

A)stimulus control.

B)systematic extinction.

C)stimulus generalization.

D)a resistance to extinction.

Q3) Operant conditioning involves which of the following?

A)unconditioned responses

B)reflexes

C)reinforcement

D)conditioned responses

32

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Chapter 31: Conditioning and Learning: Reinforcement and Punishment

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Q1) When people engage in various forms of gambling,they can play these "games of chance" uninterrupted for long periods of time because they are being reinforced on which type of reinforcement schedule?

A)partial

B)continuous

C)fixed interval

D)fixed ratio

Q2) Which of the following is NOT a partial schedule of reinforcement?

A)fixed ratio

B)fixed interval

C)variable ratio

D)continuous interval

Q3) Children should want to behave well

A)if you did not "spoil" them by "sparing the rod."

B)if you show visible anger regarding their misbehavior.

C)in order to get your praise.

D)because they fear the punishment they will receive.

Q4) When Jason is scolded by his mother,he actually increases the misbehavior because he finally has her attention.For Jason,the scolding serves as a(n) _______.

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Chapter 32: Psychology in Action: Behavioral

Self-Management

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Q1) Greg has not been making any progress toward his weight loss for the past six months.So,he and his wife draw up a formal agreement in which he states that he will meet weekly weight loss goals with the rewards for meeting these goals listed and the consequences he will incur if he does not meet his weekly goal.Greg and his wife are utilizing which of the following to help Greg lose weight?

A)the Premack principle

B)higher order conditioning

C)a behavioral contract

D)self-recording

Q2) In behavioral self-management,the activity you want to change is called the A)goal gradient.

B)baseline.

C)primary reinforcer.

D)target behavior.

Q3) The Premack principle states that activities you like doing,such as watching television,can serve as reinforcers for activities that you want to increase,such as studying more.

A)True

B)False

Page 34

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Chapter 33: Memory: Memory Systems

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Questions

Q1) Students can get a teacher off the subject by asking one slightly off-topic question,which sets up an association with another topic and then to another topic and so on until the teacher is "miles" from what she was originally teaching.This illustrates which model of memory?

A)consolidation model

B)eidetic model

C)pseudoassociation model

D)network model

Q2) Which type of long­term memory can be fully expressed only as actions (or "know­how")and represents the most basic "automatic" elements of conditioning,learning,and memory?

A)episodic memory

B)semantic memory

C)declarative memory

D)procedural memory

Q3) Explain why hypnosis is rarely used in police work to improve the memory of eyewitnesses,and describe an alternative method that is more effective in improving the memory of eyewitnesses.

Q4) Iconic and echoic memories are part of the stage of memory known as _______ memory.

Page 35

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Chapter 34: Memory: Forgetting

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Sample Questions

Q1) Regarding our memories for people,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Encoding failures affect our memories of people.

B)Our memory for people is affected by our tendency to categorize strangers in very specific terms.

C)During brief social contacts,people often act as if members of other ethnic groups "all look alike."

D)People's inclinations to act as if members of other ethnic groups "all look alike" tends to disappear when they learn more about one another as individuals.

Q2) When your mathematics professor asks you to account for your poor performance on your last exam,your most convincing defense would be based on A)memory decay.

B)the effects of redintegration.

C)interference.

D)repression.

Q3) The forgetting that occurs in old age and with senility is due to disuse,or infrequent retrieval of information.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 35: Memory: Exceptional Memory and Improving Memory

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Q1) Strategies used in a cognitive interview that can help recreate the context in which classroom information was learned include

A)writing down everything you remember,including trivial details.

B)using dream analysis to remember details consolidated during sleep.

C)recalling things from a single,focused viewpoint.

D)skilled use of mnemonics.

Q2) Psychologists John Wilding and Elizabeth Valentine found that when they prevented the memory contestants from using learned strategies and techniques,none of the contestants were able to excel on any of the memory tasks.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Serena studies for 20 minutes then takes a break,then studies another 20 minutes,and takes a break,and so on.This pattern of studying is referred to as _______ practice.

A)serial positioned

B)partial

C)massed

D)spaced

Q4) Explain the differences in mental images and eidetic imagery.

Page 37

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Chapter 36: Psychology in Action: Mnemonics

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Q1) To remember the following short list in order-elephant,doorknob,string,watch,rifle,oranges-Tara pictures a full­ size elephant balanced on a doorknob playing with a string tied to him and then pictures a watch tied to the string,and a rifle shooting oranges at the watch.Tara is

A)forming a chain.

B)taking a mental walk.

C)using a system.

D)using the serial position method.

Q2) Regarding the use of mnemonics to remember information,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Turn information into mental pictures and make these images as vivid as possible. B)Bizarre images work best for confusing,complex information that you wish to retain for a long period of time.

C)If some facts or ideas in a Chapter seem to stay in your memory easily,associate other more difficult facts with them.

D)If you encounter technical terms that have little or no immediate meaning for you,give them meaning,even if you have to stretch the term to do so.

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Chapter 37: Cognition and Intelligence: Imagery, Concepts, and Language

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Sample Questions

Q1) In a study of how language affects one's thoughts,individuals who spoke different languages were asked to arrange a set of cards that depicted a series of events,such as a meal being cooked and eaten.Which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding the findings of this study?

A)The subjects who spoke Hebrew usually arranged the cards from right to left.

B)Speakers of Kuuk Thaayorre,the language of the Cape York Australian aboriginals,used a temporal sequence from east to west in arranging the cards.

C)All the subjects regardless of the language they spoke arranged the cards from left to right.

D)The findings of this study lend support to the linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Q2) When you form a mental image of "a kite flying in the sky," the brain area where memories are stored sends signals back to the visual cortex to create that image.This process is known as

A)visual assimilation.

B)synesthesia.

C)"reverse vision."

D)none of these.

Q3) The study of meaning in words and language is known as _______.

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Chapter 38: Cognition and Intelligence: Problem Solving

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Sample Questions

Q1) Identifying how the current state of affairs differs from the desired goal and then finding steps that will reduce the difference would be an example of a(n) _______ strategy.

Q2) A random search strategy involves

A)the use of insight and pragmatics.

B)trying possible solutions to a problem in a more or less random order.

C)limiting the number of possible solutions to be tried.

D)correctly stating the requirements for success but not in enough detail for further action.

Q3) An algorithmic solution to a problem is one in which

A)the answer is arrived at using lexigrams.

B)the answer is arrived at by brainstorming.

C)a learned set of rules is used in answering the problem.

D)all of these are used.

Q4) As a barrier to problem-solving,the fear of making a fool of yourself or of making a mistake is called a(n) __________ barrier.

A)cultural

B)learned

C)perceptual

D)emotional

Page 40

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Chapter 39: Cognition and Intelligence: Creative Thinking and Intuition

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Sample Questions

Q1) Jimmy has a feeling about a horse named Surf and Turf in the Kentucky Derby.While the horse is a long shot to win the race,Jimmy somehow believes Surf and Turf will win.He decides to make a substantial wager on the race.Which type of thinking is Jimmy using to make his decision?

A)illogical

B)divergent

C)algorithmic

D)creative

Q2) When making decisions,emotions,such as fear,hope,anxiety,liking,or disgust can A)eliminate possibilities from consideration and promote possibilities to the top of the list.

B)help one to become aware of the base rate for the occurrence of a particular event.

C)help one to think more clearly and firmly about important decisions.

D)do all of these.

Q3) Deductive thought is thinking that applies a general set of rules to specific situations,for example,using the laws of gravity to predict the behavior of a single falling object.

A)True

B)False

Page 41

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Chapter 40: Cognition and Intelligence: Intelligence

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Sample Questions

Q1) Early signs of giftedness include showing kindness,understanding,and cooperation with others.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Rajal is being administered the Working Memory section of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV).Which of the following subtests is a part of this section?

A)coding

B)block design

C)arithmetic

D)matrix reasoning

Q3) On which section of the Stanford-Binet (SB5)are subjects asked to correctly remember the order of colored beads seen,to repeat a series of digits forward and backward,and to name the last word in each sentence after hearing several sentences read?

A)quantitative reasoning

B)visual-spatial processing

C)working memory

D)fluid reasoning

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Chapter 41: Psychology in Action: Enhancing Creativity

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of Csikszentmihalyi's recommendations about how to become more creative?

A)Try to surprise at least one person every day.

B)Make a commitment not to worry about doing things well.

C)Start doing more of what you really enjoy,less of what you dislike.

D)Try to look at problems from as many viewpoints as you can.

Q2) Imagining how another person would view the problem and asking "silly" or playful questions are ways to

A)restate the problem in different and novel ways.

B)create mental sets that must be avoided.

C)narrowly define a problem so it can be clearly understood.

D)prevent incubation of the problem.

Q3) When brainstorming is applied to individual problem solving,the essential point to remember is to

A)suspend judgment.

B)use convergent thinking.

C)set a short time limit.

D)list the ideas outloud.

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Chapter 42: Motivation and Emotion: Overview of Motives and Emotions

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following is characterized by physiological arousal and is linked to many basic adaptive behaviors that aid survival?

A)expectations

B)perceptions

C)emotions

D)sensations

Q2) Plutchik is likely to characterize an emotion such as guilt as being the result of

A)the action of a single,powerful hormone.

B)a specific pattern of physiological reactions.

C)a mixture of several basic emotions.

D)a generalized physiological reaction to specific cognitions.

Q3) Which of the following is classified as a biological motive?

A)aggression

B)physical contact

C)security

D)pain avoidance

Q4) Low intensity states that can last for many hours,or even days,can affect day-to-day behavior,and are closely tied to circadian rhythms are called _______.

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Chapter 43: Motivation and Emotion: Motivation in Detail

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following suggestions would NOT be helpful to include in a behavioral diet plan?

A)Involve other people in your efforts with Overeaters Anonymous or Take Off Pounds Sensibly being good sources of social support.

B)Record where you eat and the feelings and events that occur just before and after eating and then learn to weaken your personal eating cues.

C)Restrict your eating to one room,carry to the table only what you plan to eat,and put all other food away before leaving the kitchen.

D)Fast one day a week,eat only fruits and vegetables two days a week,then eat only protein two days a week,and anything you want the other two days.

Q2) Regarding obesity,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)A lack of variety in one's diet tends to encourage obesity.

B)Obesity is overtaking smoking as a major cause of needless deaths.

C)In Westernized societies,obesity has become a source of social stigma and low self-esteem.

D)Sixty-five percent of adults in the United States are overweight with more than one third being obese.

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Chapter 44: Motivation and Emotion: Emotion in Detail

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following directly measures brain activity,thus bypassing the traditional approach of measuring indirect signs of emotional arousal?

A)GSR detectors

B)fMRI

C)polygraph

D)the kinesic approach

Q2) When parents try to break up the romance of a son or daughter,they tend to add anger,frustration,and fear to the situation.Then,the romantic couple may see the cause of all these intense feelings to be "love." This situation illustrates the effects of the mental process called A)negation.

B)feedback.

C)attribution

D)homeostasis.

Q3) The emotional expression of anger is more common in A)the United States.

B)China.

C)Japan.

D)Korea.

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Page 46

Chapter 45: Psychology in Action: Emotional Intelligence

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Q1) In making the "right" choices in life,emotionally intelligent people typically use extremely rational approaches.

A)True

B)False

Q2) When good fortune comes their way,emotionally intelligent people

A)enjoy their good fortune without announcing it to others.

B)share their news with others.

C)know the good fortune is fleeting and prepare themselves for a reversal of fortune.

D)enjoy their good fortune and assume that this is a stable situation.

Q3) Being emotionally skilled can make us more flexible,adaptable,agreeable,and emotionally mature.

A)True

B)False

Q4) When good fortune comes their way,people who are emotionally intelligent share the news with others.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 46: Human Sexuality: Sexual Development and Orientation

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Sample Questions

Q1) Regarding sexual orientation,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Although learning contributes to one's sexual orientation,it appears that nature strongly prepares people to be either homosexual or heterosexual.

B)Differences in the size and in the neurotransmitter levels of the hypothalamus have been found in homosexual and heterosexual persons.

C)Most lesbian and gay men were raised by heterosexual parents,while most children raised by gay or lesbian parents become heterosexual.

D)Most gay men have lower than normal adult testosterone levels,while adult lesbians have lower than normal estrogen.

Q2) Dr.Armond is investigating what role genetics play in homosexuality.His research centers on how genes are expressed during development.Dr.Armond's field is called A)eugenics.

B)polygenics.

C)epigenetics.

D)bidirectionality.

Q3) The belief that heterosexuality is better or more natural than homosexuality is called _______.

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Page 48

Chapter 47: Human Sexuality: Gender Development,

Androgyny, and Gender Variance

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Q1) According to Sandra Bem,being psychologically androgynous is adaptable for A)only adult women.

B)only adult men.

C)both adult men and women.

D)neither adult men nor adult women.

Q2) Which of the following would be considered a "feminine" trait on the Ben Sex Role Inventory?

A)ambitious

B)self-reliant

C)child-like

D)analytical

Q3) Gender role socialization begins

A)during early childhood.

B)at birth.

C)at puberty.

D)between adolescence and adulthood.

Q4) In Western cultures,boys are encouraged to develop goal-directed behaviors,which are referred to as __________ behaviors.

Q5) Your personal,private sense of maleness or femaleness is your _______.

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Chapter 48: Human Sexuality: Sexual Behavior, Response, and Attitudes

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following describes how AIDS kills its victims?

A)The virus prevents new cell growth.

B)The virus weakens the body to other diseases.

C)The virus attacks the brain.

D)The virus poisons the blood.

Q2) Which of the following does NOT occur during the excitement phase of sexual activity for women?

A)nipples become erect

B)skin becomes flushed

C)pulse rate decreases

D)the vagina is being prepared for intercourse

Q3) The impact of child molestation

A)is affected by the identity of the abuser and the duration of the abuse.

B)depends on whether genital sexual acts were involved.

C)may be compounded if the parents become hysterical,which only adds to the child's fear and emotional trauma.

D)is characterized by all of these.

Q4) After orgasm,men experience a short phase during which a second orgasm is impossible,which is referred to as the __________ period.

Page 50

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Chapter 49: Psychology in Action: Sexual Problems

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Q1) Regarding male erectile dysfunction,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)It was once known as impotence,but psychologists discourage the use of that term.

B)According to the DSM,erectile disorder involves a persistent difficulty of at least six months duration,although only the man and his partner can make this judgment.

C)Fatigue,anger,and drinking too much alcohol will not cause erectile difficulties in healthy males.

D)"Performance demands" or overreaction to the temporary loss of an erection may generate fears and doubts that contribute to a further inhibition of arousal.

Q2) The most prevalent sexual complaint among women is

A)hypoactive desire disorder.

B)female sexual arousal disorder.

C)female orgasmic disorder.

D)vaginismus.

Q3) Lana has had a persistent loss of sexual desire for the last six months,which is causing her great distress.Lana would be diagnosed with a sexual dysfunction called _______ sexual desire.

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Chapter 50: Personality: Overview of Personality

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Q1) If a person taking the MMPI-2 displays a pattern of responses that indicates the presence of emotional excitability and excessive activity,the person would have a high score on which clinical subscale?

A)mania

B)schizophrenia

C)psychasthenia

D)hysteria

Q2) Regarding projective tests,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Projective tests have no right or wrong answers,which makes them difficult to fake.

B)The MMPI-2 is one of the oldest and most widely used projective tests.

C)The Rorschach consists of 10 standardized inkblots that vary in color,shading,form,and complexity.

D)Projective tests can be a rich source of information,because responses are not restricted to simple true/false or yes/no answers.

Q3) Classifying people into two or three types is more informative than rating people on a list of traits.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 51: Personality: Trait Theories

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Q1) Your roommate tends to be hot-tempered and irritable.The early Greeks would have said that your roommate has which temperament?

A)melancholic

B)choleric

C)sanguine

D)phlegmatic

Q2) Sissy approaches most situations with optimism but tends to expect the worst each time she applies for a job and worries that she won't get it.If her pessimism is limited to this situation or just a few others,then

A)optimism would still be considered a stable disposition for Sissy.

B)pessimism would be a more accurate trait with which to describe Sissy.

C)neither the trait of optimism nor the trait of pessimism should be used to describe Sissy.

D)trait theory would not be a good way to describe or predict Sissy's behavior.

Q3) The trait approach is currently the dominant method for studying personality.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Describe your personality using the five dimensions of the Big Five Personality Model.

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Page 53

Chapter 52: Personality: Psychoanalytic and Humanistic

Theories

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Q1) According to Freud,when the ego is overwhelmed by threats of punishment from the superego,the person experiences

A)incongruence.

B)neurotic anxiety.

C)moral anxiety.

D)organismic valuing.

Q2) Which of the following is the correct ordering of Freud's psychosexual stages and latency period?

A)anal,phallic,latency,oral,genital

B)oral,anal,phallic,latency,genital

C)genital,latency,phallic,oral,anal

D)genital,oral,anal,phallic,latency

Q3) According to psychoanalytic theory,which of the following functions entirely at the unconscious level of awareness?

A)ego

B)id

C)superego

D)ego ideal

Q4) Threats of punishment from the superego cause _______ anxiety.

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Chapter 53: Personality: Behavioral and Social Learning

Theories

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Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of the four critical situations that Dollard and Miller believed to be capable of leaving a lasting imprint on personality?

A)sex training

B)language skills

C)feeding

D)toilet training

Q2) According to the text,early behaviorists overlooked a crucial element in their theories of personality,which is the fact that

A)much of behavior is affected by the situation in which it occurs.

B)behaviors are identical to personality,which is shaped by learning.

C)people have stable traits that are unchanged by experience.

D)people think and have different perceptions and expectations.

Q3) The core of personality is shaped by early learning experiences and by social reinforcement,according to which view of development?

A)humanist

B)behaviorist

C)psychoanalytic

D)trait theorist

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Chapter 54: Psychology in Action: Understanding Shyness

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Q1) Difficulties with social skills and making conversation may be overcome by all of the following EXCEPT

A)asking open-ended questions.

B)practicing in front of a mirror.

C)using more animation in conversations.

D)waiting for the other person to start the conversation.

Q2) Shy persons tend to show a high degree of private self-consciousness,being completely wrapped up in their own feelings and thoughts.

A)True

B)False

Q3) One of the simplest ways to improve one's social skills is to

A)learn some funny jokes.

B)improve your physical appearance.

C)ask open-ended questions.

D)be a good listener by making eye contact and nodding often.

Q4) According to Cheek and Buss,shyness is linked to A)private self-consciousness.

B)public self-consciousness.

C)having an inflated ego.

D)all of these.

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Chapter 55: Health, Stress, and Coping: Health Psychology

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Sample Questions

Q1) Canadian researcher Hans Selye called the complete lack of stress

A)heaven.

B)death.

C)inertia.

D)vacation.

Q2) A program with the greatest likelihood of success in reducing health risks associated with smoking by young people would use

A)aversive conditioning to stop smoking.

B)attitude-change programs to stop smoking.

C)advertising campaigns to encourage smokers to switch to smokeless tobacco.

D)role-playing to resist peer pressure.

Q3) As discussed in your textbook,lifestyle diseases related to just six behaviors,smoking,alcohol abuse,drug use,poor diet,insufficient exercise,and risky sexual practices,account for what percent of all medical costs?

A)25

B)40

C)55

D)70

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Chapter 56: Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress, Frustration, and Conflict

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following examples most clearly represents frustration from a personal source?

A)You go to the grocery store,and they are out of your favorite ice cream.

B)You would like to make an "A" on your term paper,but you turned it in late,and points will be deducted.

C)You are late to class because of a traffic jam near campus.

D)Your payroll check was delayed in the mail.

Q2) If the cost of direct aggression is too high,the aggression may be redirected toward whomever or whatever is available.This type of response is known as

A)repressed aggression.

B)displaced aggression.

C)withdrawal.

D)circumvention.

Q3) Which of the following was NOT one of the top ten work stresses listed in your textbook?

A)job expectations uncertain

B)too much office gossip and drama

C)lack of opportunity for growth

D)work interferes with personal time

Page 58

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Chapter 57: Health, Stress, and Coping: Defenses, Helplessness,

and Depression

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Sample Questions

Q1) People who are exposed repeatedly to unpleasant events over which they have no control may develop a passive resignation to the event.This condition is called

A)learned helplessness.

B)reaction formation.

C)passive aggressiveness.

D)avoidance-avoidance.

Q2) At work,Walter feels overworked and unappreciated.He often imagines himself receiving a surprise visit from the CEO,who presents him with an award for his hard work and dedication to the company.Walter is using which defense mechanism?

A)compensation

B)rationalization

C)intellectualization

D)fantasy

Q3) Discuss how the "college blues," or mild depression affects college students,the reasons many college students suffer from this mild depression,how to distinguish the "college blues" from a more serious type of depression,and ways to combat the "college blues."

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Page 59

Chapter 58: Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress and Health

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Q1) The study of links among behavior,stress,disease,and the immune system is called

Q2) Hardy personalities in the workplace often

A)feel alienated from other workers due to their positive attitudes.

B)see themselves passively as victims of circumstances.

C)try to learn from their experiences.

D)seek easy comfort,security,and routine.

Q3) Barbara is a college student who frequently strives to do two or more things simultaneously,evaluates herself in terms of the number of A's earned or awards won,grinds her teeth in her sleep,and feels vaguely guilty when she relaxes on the weekends.Barbara would be described as

A)a Type A personality.

B)a Type B personality.

C)having generalized anxiety disorder.

D)having hypochondriasis.

Q4) Explain the benefits of positive emotions and the advantages of being an optimist in life.

Q5) According to psychologist Barbara Fredrickson,our mental focus is broadened,and we are more likely to find creative solutions to problems when we experience _______ emotions.

Page 60

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Chapter 59: Psychology in Action: Stress Management

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Q1) Exercising for stress management is most effective when it is done

A)daily for as little as 30 minutes a day,even in 10 to 20-minute sessions.

B)daily for at least one to two hours,with any less being ineffective.

C)three times a week for at least one hour each time.

D)on weekends and only when you are relaxed as well.

Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of responses that are triggered by stress?

A)upsetting thoughts

B)ineffective behavior

C)stress inoculation

D)bodily effects

Q3) Self­critical thoughts that directly elevate physical arousal,increase anxiety,and increase one's tendency to make poor decisions are referred to as

A)sublimated statements.

B)negative self-statements.

C)displaced aggression.

D)marginalizing.

Q4) Stress triggers bodily effects,upsetting thoughts,and ineffective _______.

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Chapter 60: Psychological Disorders: Normality and Psychopathology

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Q1) Insanity is

A)another term for nervous breakdown.

B)the psychiatric term that is synonymous with schizophrenia.

C)established by the testimony from expert witnesses.

D)all of these.

Q2) In judging normality,the most common source of bias is probably A)religion.

B)race.

C)gender.

D)social class.

Q3) Depersonalization is a(n)

A)psychotic tendency to view others as non-human.

B)acute episode of amnesia characteristic of personality disorders.

C)robot-like or detached feeling sometimes associated with dissociative disorders.

D)abrupt,dramatic change in personality seen often in mood disorders.

Q4) Low intelligence is considered a psychological risk factor for developing a mental disorder.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 61: Psychological Disorders: Psychosis, Delusional Disorders,

and Schizophrenia

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Q1) Regarding the characteristics of psychosis,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The speech of psychotic patients tends to be garbled and chaotic.

B)Psychotic patients have severely disturbed emotions and may show a "flat affect."

C)A psychotic patient often exhibits a "split personality" with at least two identities.

D)Psychotic patients often experience delusions and/or hallucinations.

Q2) Regarding the development of schizophrenia,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The older a man is when he fathers a child,the more likely it is that his child will develop schizophrenia because of genetic mutations in aging male reproductive cells.

B)Schizophrenia is more common among close relatives and tends to run in families.

C)When children of schizophrenic parents are raised away from their chaotic home environment,they are significantly less likely to become psychotic.

D)The risk of developing schizophrenia for the general population is one percent.

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Chapter 62: Psychological Disorders: Mood Disorders

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Q1) After childbirth,women may experience a mild depression lasting from one to two days after delivery,which is marked by crying,fitful sleep,tension,anger,and irritability.This mild depression is known as A)postpartum depression.

B)motherese.

C)maternity blues.

D)childbirth-related dysthymia.

Q2) In any given year,what percent of the U.S.population suffers from a mood disorder?

A)3.8 percent

B)5.6 percent

C)9.5 percent

D)14.7 percent

Q3) A treatment for seasonal affective disorder that involves exposure to bright,full-spectrum light is called

A)neurocognitive stimulation.

B)electrostimulation therapy.

C)neuro-illumination.

D)phototherapy.

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Chapter 63: Psychological Disorders: Anxiety-Based

Disorders and Personality Disorders

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Q1) Dr.Bardo sees threats to one's self­image being the key element to understanding anxiety attacks,conversion reactions,and similar symptoms.Dr.Bardo utilizes the _______ approach.

A)psychodynamic

B)humanistic

C)cognitive

D)behavioral

Q2) Juanita worries excessively about her children,her job,her house,and her finances to the point that she stays so nervous that she cannot get anything done.This continuing sense of foreboding has interfered with her ability to sleep,eat,and enjoy life for at least six months.Juanita suffers from a _______ disorder.

A)panic

B)somatic symptom

C)cyclothymic

D)generalized anxiety

Q3) A history of childhood trauma,especially sexual abuse,is found in a high percentage of persons whose personalities split into multiple identities.

A)True

B)False

65

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Chapter 64: Psychology in Action: Suicide

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Q1) In 90 percent of all suicides,a diagnosable mental disorder was a factor,usually depression or a(n) _______ disorder.

Q2) In 90 percent of all suicides,a diagnosable mental disorder is a factor and is usually either depression or a(n) __________ disorder.

A)obsessive-compulsive

B)dissociative identity

C)conversion

D)substance abuse

Q3) It is estimated that about two thirds of all suicide attempts are made by people who do not really want to die with almost a third more being ambivalent or undecided about dying.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Suicidal thoughts and feelings are most characterized by unbearable psychological pain,frustrated psychological needs,a desire to escape,and a constriction of _______.

Q5) For every ten potential suicides,the number of people who give warning beforehand is _______.

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Chapter 65: Therapies: Treating Psychological Distress

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Q1) Regarding telephone or Internet therapists,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Distance therapists may or may not be trained professionals or may not be licensed in every state.

B)Distance therapists can be just as successful at assessing a client's affect by using voice tone and emotional icons,such as smiley faces,as traditional therapists who use facial expressions and body language to assess affect.

C)Distance therapists have been successful at helping people who are depressed or who have a social phobia or panic disorder.

D)A person who might hesitate to see a psychologist can seek help privately,on the phone or online.

Q2) The key feature of any successful therapy,whether traditional or distance therapy,is the

A)establishment of an effective relationship between therapist and client.

B)therapy placebo effect.

C)occurrence of spontaneous remissions.

D)skill and knowledge of the therapist.

Q3) The first true psychotherapy was _______.

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Chapter 66: Therapies: Humanistic and Cognitive Therapies

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Q1) Regarding the talk-oriented therapies,traditional psychoanalysis and the humanistic therapies are all considered to be

A)action therapies.

B)insight therapies.

C)directive therapies.

D)nondirective therapies.

Q2) Which therapist emphasized that emotional health comes from knowing what you want to do and not dwelling on what you should do,ought to do,or should want to do?

A)Sigmund Freud

B)Victor Frankl

C)Fritz Perls

D)Abraham Maslow

Q3) According to Victor Frankl's principles of logotherapy,those persons who survived the Nazi concentration camps with their sanity did so because they managed to hang on to a sense of

A)meaning.

B)generativity.

C)immense pride.

D)optimism.

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Chapter 67: Therapies: Behavior Therapies

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Q1) Tommy has been an emergency room doctor for six years.After the horrible injuries he has seen from car accidents,Tommy does not drive without using a seat belt.This situation with Tommy illustrates the effectiveness of which of the following?

A)systematic desensitization

B)aversion therapy

C)covert reinforcement

D)the mirror technique

Q2) Learning based on the consequences of making a response is called

A)operant conditioning.

B)classical conditioning.

C)systematic desensitization.

D)reciprocal inhibition.

Q3) Aversion therapy for smoking involves rapid smoking which seems to work because A)of the added expense of purchasing so many cigarettes.

B)excessive smoking is unpleasant due to nicotine being toxic.

C)the smoker feels smelly and dirty.

D)the process is based on supportive reinforcement.

Q4) The use of classical or operant conditioning to directly alter human responses is known as _______.

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Chapter 68: Therapies: Medical Therapies

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Q1) The main mode of action of the anxiolytics is to

A)enhance the effects of serotonin or dopamine.

B)reduce the effects of GABA.

C)enhance the effects of GABA.

D)reduce the effects of dopamine.

Q2) When well-run,which of the following can be a humane and cost-effective way to ease former mental patients back into the community?

A)deinstitutionalizations

B)half-way houses

C)encounter groups

D)somatic therapy groups

Q3) The use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)for the treatment of depression

A)produces permanent improvement without the need for additional drug therapy.

B)usually requires only one treatment session.

C)can cause memory losses in some patients.

D)is characterized by all of these statements.

Q4) The reduced use of full-time commitment to mental hospitals for the treatment of mental disorders is referred to as

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Chapter 69: Psychology in Action: Self-Management and Seeking Professional Help

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Sample Questions

Q1) The first step in self-directed desensitization is

A)understanding what caused your anxiety.

B)learning to relax voluntarily.

C)deciding on the most feared stimulus in your hierarchy.

D)deciding on the least feared stimulus in your hierarchy.

Q2) Which of the following is NOT a danger signal in psychotherapy?

A)The therapist makes sexual advances toward the client.

B)The therapist makes consistent attempts to establish rapport with the client.

C)The therapist talks repeatedly about his or her own problems.

D)The therapist tells the client not discuss therapy with anyone else.

Q3) Regarding the typical fees charged by different psychological professionals,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Psychiatrists average about $160 to $200 per hour,while psychologists average about $100 per hour.

B)Counselors and social workers average about $80 per hour.

C)Because the therapist's fee is divided among several people,group therapy averages about $25 an hour.

D)If fees are a problem for the client,many therapists charge on a sliding scale,or ability-to-pay basis.

Page 71

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Chapter 70: Social Psychology: Social Behavior and Cognition

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Q1) A reference group is any group

A)in which you have face-to-face contact with others.

B)in which you are a member.

C)which serves as a standard for social comparison.

D)that is characterized by all of these.

Q2) Regarding the Stanford Prison study,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Philip Zimbardo conducted the Stanford Prison study in which he paid normal healthy male college students to serve as "inmates" and "guards" in a simulated prison.

B)The students were selected to play the roles of "prisoners" and "guards" based on personality profiles.

C)The ascribed social roles of "prisoner" and "guard" were so powerful that in just a few days the experiment became "reality" for those involved.

D)After six days,the experiment had to be halted.

Q3) We tend to attribute positive characteristics to our _______ group.

A)in-

B)achieved

C)ascribed

D)positive referant

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Chapter 71: Social Psychology: Social Influence

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Q1) Your church does not have a Sunday School teacher for the preschool class.They ask you to teach it for the whole upcoming year.You explain why this will not be possible.So,they ask if you will teach it for a month,while they look for someone else.Your agreement is testament to the

A)highball technique.

B)lowball technique.

C)foot-in-the-door effect.

D)door-in-the-face effect.

Q2) In Todd's conversion to a cult,he went through all­night meditation sessions in which the group continually chanted praises to the leader of the cult.These rituals do all of the following EXCEPT

A)wear down physical and emotional resistance.

B)instill discipline and discourage critical thinking.

C)generate feelings of commitment to this new "religion."

D)help to sort and clarify ideas regarding this new "religion."

Q3) Brainwashing and cult conversion are two examples of A)compliance.

B)obedience.

C)groupthink.

D)coercion.

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Chapter 72: Social Psychology: Pro-Social Behavior

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Q1) One of the most effective ways of "de­victimizing" yourself and receiving prompt help is to

A)define your situation and directly assign responsibility to a bystander.

B)increase empathic arousal in another person by pretending to be more at risk than you really are.

C)scream very loudly and exaggerate your gestures.

D)allow bystanders to assign responsibilities among themselves.

Q2) Excessive self-disclosure is a staple of many television talk shows.Guests frequently reveal intimate details about their personal lives.Viewers probably find such intimate disclosures entertaining rather than threatening,because the

A)television guests are strangers to the viewer.

B)television guests are viewed as sympathetic individuals who are seeking help from the talk show host.

C)viewer does not have to reciprocate with their own self-disclosure to these guests.

D)viewer has been desensitized by watching numerous talk shows and will not feel threatened by overdisclosure as non-TV talk show watchers.

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Chapter 73: Social Psychology: Antisocial Behavior

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Q1) The belief that we learn to be aggressive by observing aggression in others is held by

A)the ethological learning theorists.

B)the dissonance conditioning theorists.

C)the social learning theorists.

D)no serious theorists.

Q2) Social interaction that occurs without obvious differences in power and status is referred to as

A)individuating.

B)superordinate contact.

C)equal-status contact.

D)just-world interactions.

Q3) Whenever Keith discusses current events with his classmates,he tends to be overly certain in his opinions and intolerant of anyone else's opinion.Even when evidence contradicts him,Keith finds it difficult to change his beliefs.Keith would be described as exhibiting

A)dogmatism.

B)cognitive dissonance.

C)self-stereotyping.

D)ethnocentrism.

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Page 75

Chapter 74: Psychology in Action: Multiculturalism

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Q1) Typically,when we only have minimal information about a person,we are most tempted to apply

A)social stereotypes.

B)individuating information.

C)tolerance,giving people the "benefit of the doubt."

D)self-fulfilling prophecies.

Q2) If Gordon wants to develop cultural awareness,the BEST way would be for him to A)read several books on different cultures.

B)visit different cultural exhibits,museums,plays,and restaurants.

C)become acquainted with a person whose cultural background is different from his.

D)strive to develop more just-world beliefs.

Q3) The fact that some individuals seek to enhance their self-esteem by identifying with a group is at the core of A)self-actualization.

B)sociopathy.

C)social competition.

D)groupthink.

Q4) Rivalry among groups,each of which regards itself as superior to others,is referred to as _______.

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Chapter 75: Applied Psychology: Industrialorganizational Psychology

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Q1) When interviewees seek to portray a positive image to interviewers,they are engaging in

A)the halo effect.

B)impression management.

C)the biodata effect.

D)critical incidents management.

Q2) Regarding employees who show organizational citizenship,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)They contribute to the success of the company in a number of different ways.

B)They display "good sportsmanship" in the work setting.

C)They tend to be regarded as troublemakers by their fellow employees.

D)They keep themselves informed about what is going on in the company.

Q3) Recent studies suggest that interviews can be improved by

A)using honesty test questions within the interview.

B)making the interview more conversational and unstructured.

C)asking each candidate the same questions.

D)utilizing the halo effect while interviewing.

Q4) Rather than being communal,most people expect good leaders to be independent,confident,ambitious,objective,dominant,and forceful,which is referred to as being _______.

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Chapter 76: Applied Psychology: Environmental Psychology

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Q1) Natural settings,such as forests and beaches,as well as environments built by humans,such as buildings,ships,and cities,would be classified by environmental psychologists as A)physical environments.

B)social environments.

C)behavioral settings.

D)territorial settings.

Q2) Crowding,noise,and overstimulation are considered major sources of A)urban stress.

B)biodata.

C)critical incidents.

D)all of these.

Q3) Which of the following is NOT an example of territorial behavior?

A)You place a coat on a chair next to your chair in the campus center.

B)You spread out your books and study material on a table in the library.

C)You move the chairs in a classroom into a circle.

D)You spread your towel out on a "prime" part of the beach.

Q4) Describe what is meant by "the tragedy of the commons." Explain through two examples how this concept applies to our current environmental problems,and how we might alleviate the problems caused by this type of social dilemma.

Page 78

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Chapter 77: Applied Psychology: the Psychology of

Education, Law, and Sports

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Q1) In class,Dr.Myers presents factual information through lecture,demonstration,and rote practice,while Dr.Ing creates conditions that encourage her students to discover or construct knowledge for themselves.Dr.Myers and Dr.Ing are using different A)teaching styles.

B)task analyses.

C)presentation modes.

D)lecture types.

Q2) A jury composed of people who favor the death penalty or at least are indifferent to it are referred to as a(n) __________ jury.

Q3) Jason gives his class a unit test covering three Chapter s.This test not only gives the learner feedback on his or her progress,but will allow Jason to determine which concepts he will need to reteach.This step of the teaching strategy is called A)learner response.

B)spaced review.

C)evaluation.

D)learner preparation.

Q4) If you break the complex skill involved in a tennis serve into its subparts,you are using _______.

Page 79

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Chapter 78: Psychology in Action: Human Factors

Psychology

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Q1) Effective design provides information about the effect of making a response,which is called

A)feedback.

B)multi-sensory interactions.

C)ergonomic stimuli.

D)attentional control.

Q2) Describe five factors that must be considered in designing a space station in order to accommodate human needs,reduce stress,and help the crews work more effectively.

Q3) Which of the following was utilized in 2001 by a surgeon in New York who removed the diseased gallbladder of a patient an ocean away in France?

A)psychokinesis

B)kinesthetic imagery

C)telepresence

D)virtual travel

Q4) A speciality concerned with making machines and work environments compatible with human perceptual and physical capacities is called human factors psychology,or

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Chapter 79: Behavioral Statistics

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Q1) Abscissa is to ordinate as

A)vertical axis is to horizontal axis.

B)horizontal axis is to vertical axis.

C)measure of central tendency is to frequency distribution.

D)frequency distribution is to measure of central tendency.

Q2) Groups of scores from distributions that are approximately normal can be compared because the relationship does not change between the normal curve and the A)standard deviation.

B)median.

C)mode.

D)coefficient of correlation.

Q3) Gayle had a score of 80 in a class with a mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 5.Her z-score is

A)+2.0.

B)+1.0.

C)-1.0.

D)-2.0.

Q4) The Jones have five children aged 3,5,7,10 and 12.The median age of the Jones children is _______.

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Chapter 80: Life After School

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Q1) The incredible breadth of the field of psychology and the many career opportunities can be seen by browsing the American Psychological Association's list of

A)20 specialized divisions.

B)35 specialized divisions.

C)more than 50 specialized divisions.

D)more than 100 specialized divisions.

Q2) Michael has just graduated with a bachelor's degree in psychology and is applying for a job as a community worker.The skill learned during his psychology coursework that would be the LEAST beneficial in obtaining this job as a community worker would be his

A)ability to work independently.

B)ability to write well.

C)sensitivity to cross-cultural issues.

D)knowledge of the psychological functions of the brain.

Q3) To get a sense of the diversity of psychologists' interests,students reading Psychology: Modules for Active Learning, (13th Edition)should look at Table 3.3 in Module 3 or scan the Table of Contents.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 81: Understanding Descriptive and Inferential

Statistics for Psychological Research

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Q1) Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the weakest relationship?

A)+.69

B)-.85

C)-1.27

D)+.35

Q2) After administering a unit test to her psychology students,a college professor calculates the mean and range for this test in order to better understand the performance of her students on the material in this unit.This professor is using _______ statistics.

A)descriptive

B)inferential

C)nominal

D)ordinal

Q3) Histograms and frequency polygons are visual representations of

A)frequency distributions.

B)nominal scales.

C)inferential statistics.

D)differential statistics.

Q4) Given these scores 22,44,33,55,33,22,44,22,55,22,the mode is _______ .

83

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Chapter 82: The Competencies of the Undergraduate

Psychology Major

Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper

76 Verified Questions

76 Flashcards

Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72185

Sample Questions

Q1) To maximize finding a job after obtaining your college degree in psychology,you should list your degree and then exaggerate your accomplishments and "pad" your resume.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Michael has just graduated with a bachelor's degree in psychology and is applying for a job as a community worker.The skill learned during his psychology coursework that would be the LEAST beneficial in obtaining this job as a community worker would be his A)ability to work independently.

B)ability to write well.

C)sensitivity to cross-cultural issues.

D)knowledge of the psychological functions of the brain.

Q3) Potential career areas that utilize the skills developed as a psychology major would include advertising,public relations,technical writing,and government research. A)True

B)False

Q4) The discussion of these topics develops psychology students' _______ skills.

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