Introduction to Psychology Question Bank
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychology offers a comprehensive overview of the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. This course explores foundational concepts such as perception, learning, memory, motivation, emotion, development, personality, and psychological disorders. Students will be introduced to key psychological theories, research methods, and applications, gaining insight into both individual and group behavior. Through lectures, readings, and interactive activities, students will develop critical thinking skills and an understanding of how psychological principles apply to everyday life and various professional fields.
Recommended Textbook
Learning and Memory 1St Edition Edition by Howard Eichenbaum
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12 Chapters
600 Verified Questions
600 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Nature of Learning and Memory
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50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Drew is going to conduct a study on memory and he will measure how many items participants can remember after studying a list of words for 30 seconds. The number of words recalled by the participants is called the _____________ variable.
A) operational
B) independent
C) dependent
D) control
Answer: C
Q2) A critical feature of experimentation in learning and memory is the operational definition of the constructs included.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Ebbinghaus studied memory processes by using _____________ as his stimuli.
A) binary vowels
B) word pairs
C) nonsense syllables
D) nonsense word pairs
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Neural Bases of Learning and Memory
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50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The practice of phrenology was originally called __________ by Francis Gall.
A) typology
B) somatology
C) organology
D) somatotyping
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following would not be a function of the autonomic nervous system?
A) salivation
B) sweating
C) crying
D) respiration
Answer: C
Q3) Following an action potential, the exchange of sodium ions for potassium ions restores the balance in a neuron.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Simple Forms of Learning and Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nerve cell circuit involved in the defensive reflex of the Aplysia involves both _________ and _________ interneurons.
A) internal; external
B) small; large
C) ganglion; clustered
D) excitatory; inhibitory
Answer: D
Q2) You notice that your psychology professor has been varying the intonation and loudness of her voice during her lecture. What could be one explanation for this behavior?
A) She is trying to scare you into learning the material.
B) She may be ill and has a hard time controlling her voice.
C) She is trying to keep your attention to the lecture.
D) There is no reasonable explanation for this odd behavior.
Answer: C
Q3) Habituation cannot be used reliably to investigate learning and memory.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Perceptual Learning and Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a participant is looking at a picture of a common object drawn in a segmented line he is most likely looking at the _______.
A) Gollins partial pictures task
B) Wisconsin card sorting task
C) Binet standard pictures test
D) thematic apperception test
Q2) The ________ depends heavily on cognitive memory, while the ______ assesses priming.
A) free recall; stem completion
B) stem completion; free recall
C) free recall; cued recall
D) cued recall; free recall
Q3) What are the four main properties of perceptual skill learning. Describe each property as it relates to how well one learns a skill.
Q4) Perceptual memories are specific to __________.
A) a person's skill level
B) a general type of stimulus
C) a particular stimulus
D) both skill level and type of stimulus
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Chapter 5: Procedural Learning I: Classical Conditioning
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the dogs in Pavlov's experiment began salivating before the food entered the stomach and as early as when the research door opened, the sound of the door would be called the _____________.
A) unconditioned stimulus
B) conditioned stimulus
C) unconditioned reflex
D) conditioned reflex
Q2) The time between the successive presentation of CS and US pairs is called the interstimulus interval.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Dr. Brown is working with a client in reducing her fear of planes. Part of the treatment is to countercondition a positive response with the plane while _____________.
A) exciting the negative conditioned anxiety
B) inhibiting the positive feelings about flying
C) inhibiting the negative conditioned anxiety
D) exciting the spontaneous recovery of her fear
Q4) How does the Rescorla-Wagner model explain the strength of a CR and learning?
Q5) Give two explanations for why spontaneous recovery occurs.
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Chapter 6: Procedural Learning II: Habits and Instrumental Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) An early view of how we become so skilled at motor behaviors was through mediation of ____________ mechanisms.
A) probability matching
B) backward matching
C) serial patterns
D) response chaining
Q2) In response chaining, can animals discover sequential patterns in rewards and respond appropriately? Discuss the research that supports your answer.
Q3) Describe a study that shows that an animal's expectation of a reward is more powerful than the actual amount of a reward.
Q4) Animal trainers often use shaping to get the animals to perform complex tasks.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Superstitious learning is a form of contextual conditioning
A)True
B)False
Q6) How are cued learning and place learning two different approaches for studying instrumental learning in a water maze task?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Emotional Learning and Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why would a company want to spend a great deal of money on a commercial spot during the Super Bowl or American Idol? Why would companies want to come up with short names for their products with catchy phrases? How did researchers measure this?
Q2) The cingulate cortex projects to the mamillary bodies.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Subjects who were given a beta blocker had ___________.
A) better recall for an emotional story over a neutral story
B) better recall for a neutral story over an emotional story
C) had equal recall for the emotional and neutral parts of a story
D) no memory for an emotional story
Q4) According to Zajonc and his colleagues, what kind of words do most people prefer?
A) long
B) novel
C) less common
D) more common
Q5) How is a flashbulb memory an example of how emotions and memories can be closely tied together? How can researchers study flashbulb memories?
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Chapter 8: Cognitive Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chase and Simon (1973) found that chess experts did not have a better memory for chess piece location on a chess board than novices if ________.
A) the novices had more practice
B) the chess pieces were randomly placed on the board
C) the experts were given a distracter task in between D) the chess pieces represented real chess moves
Q2) Describe the two key study strategies that William James suggested to his students.
Q3) If you learn material in one room you should take the test for that information in the same room. This concept is based on the idea of __________.
A) cued recall
B) context dependent memory
C) free recall
D) explicit memory recall
Q4) Place cells are found in the _________.
A) hypothalamus
B) hippocampus
C) amygdala
D) limbic system
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Chapter 9: Episodic Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your personal recollection of an event is specifically called __________ memory.
A) semantic
B) implicit
C) episodic
D) explicit
Q2) Episodic memory is factual and semantic memory is experiential.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Studies of individuals who suffered from transient anoxia suggest that the ________ plays a large role in episodic memory.
A) hypothalamus
B) medial temporal lobe
C) amygdala
D) hippocampus
Q4) Our memories for specific past events are specifically called __________ memory.
A) semantic
B) implicit
C) episodic
D) explicit
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Chapter 10: Semantic Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) A ___________ is a network of associations that coordinate memories stored in the cerebral cortex.
A) relational network
B) module network
C) semantic network
D) flexible network
Q2) The extrastriate body area is more active when an individual views photographs of
A) inanimate objects
B) novel objects
C) faces and body parts
D) animals
Q3) The information shared during conversation is often referred to as _______.
A) common ground
B) conversational rules
C) ground rules
D) shared communication
Q4) Agnosia is an inability to recognize novel objects.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Memory Consolidation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Following hippocampal damage, participants show temporally graded retrograde amnesia for episodic but not for semantic memories.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Bob got hit by a baseball and has memory loss for the last month. Bob suffers from _________ amnesia.
A) retrograde
B) anterograde
C) selective
D) inconvenient
Q3) Evidence suggests that the _________ does not seem to be involved in memory consolidation.
A) parietal cortex
B) hippocampus
C) entorhinal cortex
D) parahippocampal region
Q4) What is known about how sleep helps with consolidation of memory?
Q5) Consolidation is an active process that can either be enhanced or impaired.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Short-Term Memory and Working Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Our subvocal speech is part of the ___________.
A) phonological loop
B) visuospatial sketchpad
C) episodic executive
D) central executive
Q2) Central executive works to transfer information between the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If you had to remember a set of numbers in serial position, like 3-4-5 and then the number length increased to four, then five, then six, and so on, this test would measure our _________.
A) digit span
B) long-term memory storage
C) ability to add numbers
D) recall for important dates
Q4) Chunks of information in short-term memory do not get stored as the same chunks in long-term memory.
A)True
B)False
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