Introduction to Psychology Pre-Test
Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychology offers a comprehensive overview of the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. The course explores foundational theories, key concepts, and major research findings within areas such as perception, learning, memory, emotion, motivation, development, personality, and social interaction. Students will examine the biological bases of behavior, understand psychological disorders, and review contemporary approaches to therapy. Through lectures, discussions, and case studies, this course equips students with a broad understanding of the field, fostering critical thinking about how psychological principles apply to everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
The Personality Puzzle 6th Edition by David C. Funder
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Study of the Person
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Sample Questions
Q1) The personality paradigm that focuses on rewards and punishments is known as the ________ paradigm.
A) trait
B) behaviorist
C) phenomenological
D) psychoanalytic
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is NOT part of the psychological triad?
A) behavior
B) thoughts
C) psychological health
D) feelings
Answer: C
Q3) Personality is an individual's characteristic patterns of ________.
A) behavior
B) emotion
C) thought
D) all of the above
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Clues to Personality: the Basic Sources of Data
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Q1) Which type of data is likely to be the most subjective and judgmental?
A) I
B) B
C) L
D) S
Answer: A
Q2) A behavioroid measure is a combination of which two types of data?
A) S and B
B) L and B
C) I and B
D) S and L
Answer: A
Q3) Which kind of data would be the easiest way to obtain information about the content of dreams?
A) S
B) B
C) L
D) I
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Personality Psychology As Science: Research
Methods
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Q1) Validity is the degree to which a measurement ________.
A) is consistent and stable
B) provides the same result if repeated
C) actually reflects or measures what you think it does D) is reliable
Answer: C
Q2) According to the text, which of the following would NOT be a threat to the generalizability of personality research?
A) More women than men participate in research.
B) Participants who show up for research studies are more conventional than individuals who do not show up.
C) Personality researchers strive to study multiple cohorts.
D) Much personality research is based on samples of college students.
Answer: C
Q3) What is the big disadvantage of the case study method?
A) It describes isolated variables, not the whole phenomenon.
B) It is rarely the source of testable hypotheses.
C) It does not usually apply to particular individuals, only to groups.
D) It is not controlled.
Answer: D
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Personality Traits, Situations, and Behavior
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Q1) Interactionism is the view that traits and situations work with each other to produce behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A situationist would interpret a correlation of around .30 ________.
A) as an example of a very small effect size
B) as an example of a medium effect size
C) as an example of a large effect size
D) by using a Binomial Effect Size Display
Q3) In real life, personality traits and situational features are uncorrelated.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Sally found that neither caffeine nor extraversion individually predicted problem solving; however, she found that they both worked together to predict problem solving. This is an example of what kind of an effect?
A) a true interaction
B) a suppressor
C) an evocation
D) a true mediation
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Chapter 5: Personality Assessment I: Personality Testing
and Its Consequences
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Q1) The approach to personality test construction that examines a set of correlations among many items in order to identify which items are highly correlated is called the ________ approach.
A) nomothetic
B) idiographic
C) rational
D) factor analytic
Q2) How would a personality psychologist use the rational method of test construction to create a measure of depression? What are the limitations of this technique?
Q3) The MMPI was designed to ________.
A) assess individuals with psychological disorders
B) assess normal individuals
C) identify the Big Five personality factors
D) assess Jung's psychological types
Q4) A test created using the rational method yields what kind of data?
A) S
B) I
C) L
D) B
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Chapter 6: Personality Assessment Ii: Personality Judgment in
Daily Life
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Q1) A problem for shy people is that other people also see them as shy and try to avoid them.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Robert is a stable, well-adjusted person. His behavior is fairly consistent and predictable; essentially, "what you see is what you get." Robert would most likely be ________.
A) easy to judge accurately
B) a good judge of personality
C) a narcissist
D) someone who scores high on commonality
Q3) According to the text, ________ describes a context where social norms tend to restrict what people do.
A) a weak situation
B) a socially constrained situation
C) a strong situation
D) situationism
Q4) What is a moderator variable? Identify the four moderators of accuracy detailed in the text, and provide clear examples for each moderator.
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Chapter 7: Using Personality Traits to Understand Behavior
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Q1) Research on ________ addresses important questions concerning the way that inner reality and the private self relate to external reality and the self as presented to others.
A) authoritarianism
B) introversion and extraversion
C) self-monitoring
D) conscientiousness
Q2) A researcher who starts with an interest in delinquency and then identifies the traits associated with that category of behavior is taking a ________ approach.
A) single-trait
B) many-trait
C) essential-trait
D) typological
Q3) When compared to high self-monitors, people who score low in self-monitoring tend to ________.
A) perform better in job interviews
B) use strategies to influence coworkers
C) be willing to lie to get a date
D) masturbate less often
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Page 9
Chapter 8: The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was NOT one of bodily humors?
A) blood
B) black bile
C) phlegm
D) marrow
Q2) What term refers to brain regions that have been injured, removed, or destroyed?
A) lesions
B) afferent areas
C) tomographs
D) efferent areas
Q3) The projections from nerves that receive stimulation are called ________.
A) axons
B) dendrites
C) afferents
D) efferents
Q4) Which hormone has been associated with levels of stable extraversion?
A) dopamine
B) testosterone
C) oxytocin
D) serotonin
Page 10
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Chapter 9: The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral
Genetics and Evolutionary Theory
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Q1) What might explain the difference in heritability coefficients between twin and non-twin studies?
A) increased measurement error in non-twin studies
B) the presence of interactive genetic effects
C) the greater statistical power of twin studies
D) the rarity of non-twin studies
Q2) In the past, some psychologists have concluded that shared family environments have little or no effect on personality development. Recent research has cast doubt on such conclusions by finding that ________.
A) molecular geneticists identified the specific alleles associated with each of the Big Five personality traits
B) the shared family environment actually has a larger effect on personality than does shared nonfamily environment (i.e., school)
C) the shared environment was related to certain aspects of personality when personality was measured through direct behavioral observation
D) the shared environment was related to personality when personality was measured through self-report data
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Chapter 10: Basics of Psychoanalysis
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Q1) Freud made a distinction between libido and sexual energy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The superego maintains its power through its ability to ________.
A) produce dreams
B) produce fear
C) use psychic energy
D) pass moral judgments
Q3) Stephen's apartment is exceptionally neat and clean, whereas Mary Anne's house is always messy. According to Freud, ________.
A) Stephen is an anal character, and Mary Anne is an oral character
B) Stephen is an oral character, and Mary Anne has regressed to the latency period
C) both Stephen and Mary Anne have developed fixations in the phallic stage
D) both Stephen and Mary Anne are anal character types
Q4) The main goal of psychoanalytic therapy is to ________.
A) bring unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness
B) teach the client to repress id impulses
C) regress the client to earlier levels of functioning through hypnosis
D) have the therapist become emotionally involved with the client
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Chapter 11: The Workings of the Unconscious Mind:
Defenses and Slips
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Q1) Zeke has just found out that his brother has been killed in a plane crash. His first response is "No, not John; he's not dead." According to psychoanalytic theory, Zeke is experiencing the operation of a(n) ________.
A) parapraxis
B) fixation
C) defense mechanism
D) id impulse
Q2) Chris spends most of the time before his surgery calmly discussing the death rates associated with the surgery with his doctor and reading all the latest medical articles on his disease. He says that his illness is an interesting opportunity to learn more about medicine. Freud would say that Chris is using ________ to deal with his illness.
A) trivialization
B) rationalization
C) repression
D) intellectualization
Q3) Imagine that you have to defend the teaching of Freud to contemporary psychology majors. What arguments can you make to support why students should continue to study Freud?
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Chapter 12: Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations,
and Current Research
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Q1) Freud's anal stage corresponds to Erikson's stage of ________.
A) generativity vs. stagnation
B) basic trust vs. mistrust
C) initiative vs. guilt
D) autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Q2) Most neo-Freudians rely on information from ________ to test or verify their ideas.
A) controlled experiments
B) archival and field studies
C) Freud's original case descriptions
D) patient histories and introspection
Q3) Some psychologists maintain that your relationships with other people are based on the images of them that you hold in your mind. Psychologists who emphasize this idea are known as ________ theorists.
A) object relations
B) Eriksonian
C) Adlerian
D) ego
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Experience, Existence, and the Meaning of Life:
Humanistic and Positive Psychology
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Q1) Mike thinks that sitting around contemplating the meaning of existence is a waste of time. He spends his life concentrating on developing his career, building a bigger house for his family, and enjoying himself. Sartre and other existentialists would say that Mike is
A) living in bad faith
B) preventing himself from becoming a functioning person
C) ignoring Mitwelt
D) following core ideas of self-determination theory
Q2) Research indicates that financial status is more strongly linked with life satisfaction in richer nations as opposed to poorer nations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Positive psychology seeks to study human ________ rather than ________.
A) behavior; thoughts or cognitions
B) strengths; faults
C) potential; human behavior
D) nature; social constructions
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality
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Q1) The holier-than-thou effect is most likely to occur in members from what country?
A) Spain
B) China
C) England
D) India
Q2) David McClelland would argue that a culture that emphasizes children's stories such as "The Little Engine That Could" has a high need for________.
A) achievement
B) affiliation
C) appraisal
D) affluence
Q3) What term associated with Japanese culture refers to indulgence and dependence that may exist between a parent and child?
A) amae
B) anatta
C) anicca
D) amie
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Learning to Be a Person: Behaviorism and Social Learning Theories
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Q1) The philosophical belief called ________ claims that people learn in order to seek pleasure and to avoid pain.
A) associationism
B) empiricism
C) hedonism
D) utilitarianism
Q2) According to Dollard and Miller's theory, love, prestige, power, fear, and avoidance of humiliation are considered ________.
A) secondary drives
B) primary reinforcers
C) primary drives
D) secondary reinforcers
Q3) According to Rotter, locus of control is analogous to ________.
A) self-efficacy
B) a specific expectancy
C) reinforcement value
D) a generalized expectancy
Q4) Most people use punishment effectively.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Personality Processes: Perception, Thought,
Motivation, and Emotion
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Q1) A need for ________ is NOT one of the primary goals proposed by David McClelland.
A) achievement
B) autonomy
C) affiliation
D) power
Q2) What term describes someone who is low in emotional intelligence?
A) anhedonic
B) eudonic
C) dysthymic
D) alexithymic
Q3) Laura attends church regularly because she finds personal meaning and spiritual fulfillment in the rituals and discussions. Jeanne attends church regularly because she knows that many influential business leaders from the community also attend that church. Laura and Jeanne have ________.
A) the same strategies, leading to different behaviors
B) the same strategies, leading to the same behavior
C) different strategies, leading to different behaviors
D) different strategies, leading to the same behavior
Page 18
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Chapter 17: What You Know About You: the Self
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Q1) Behavioral consistency seems to be unrelated to measures of mental health among Koreans.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Behavioral consistency is positively associated with ________ in American culture, whereas behavior consistency is ________ in Korean culture.
A) personality disorders; associated with mental health
B) mental health; associated with personality disorders
C) mental health; positively associated with cognitive ability
D) mental health; not necessarily associated with mental health
Q3) A study in China showed that information about one's ________ is remembered as well as information about the self.
A) coworkers
B) enemies
C) mother and father
D) romantic partners
Q4) Describe how the realistic accuracy model can be applied to self-knowledge. How does this model explain why accurate self-knowledge can be difficult to achieve?
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Chapter 18: Disorders of Personality
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Q1) Which of the maladaptive personality traits proposed for the DSM-V captures many of the personality attributes associated with narcissism?
A) psychoticism
B) antagonism
C) negative affectivity
D) detachment
Q2) High neuroticism is NOT associated with which personality disorder?
A) avoidant
B) paranoid
C) borderline
D) schizoid
Q3) What term describes the urge to seek erotic stimulation by rubbing up against others in crowded buses?
A) frotteurism
B) pica
C) fugue state
D) enuresis
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Conclusion: Looking Back and Looking Ahead
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Q1) Why is it important to maintain an awareness of alternative approaches to the study of personality?
Q2) Funder identifies most strongly with the psychoanalytic approach to personality.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The limited perspective afforded by the different approaches to personality impedes scientific progress.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Draw on what you have learned about personality psychology to support the argument that the most important choices you make in life are the environments that you select.
Q5) Personality traits are good predictors of single behaviors in particular situations.
A)True
B)False
Q6) It would be extremely difficult to integrate trait and cognitive approaches to personality.
A)True
B)False
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