Introduction to Psychology Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychology offers a comprehensive overview of the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. This course explores foundational concepts, prominent theories, and key research methods used in psychology, covering topics such as learning, memory, emotion, perception, development, personality, and abnormal behavior. Throughout the course, students will examine how biological, psychological, and social factors influence individual and group behavior. By engaging with classic and contemporary studies, students will gain insight into the diverse applications of psychology in everyday life and develop critical thinking skills essential for further study in the field.
Recommended Textbook
Sensation and Perception 10th Edition by E.
Bruce Goldstein
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Visual form agnosia is a problem of the _____ step of the perceptual process.
A) action
B) attention
C) transduction
D) recognition
Answer: D
Q2) Fechner's and Weber's methods not only made it possible to measure the ability to detect stimuli, but also made it possible to _____.
A) determine mechanisms responsible for experiences
B) identify the subconscious rationales for the responses
C) provide scientific justification for introspection
D) localize brain lesions responsible for poor performance
Answer: A
Q3) Cognitive influences affect _____ level of analysis.
A) only the physiological
B) only the psychophysical
C) both the physiological and psychophysical
D) neither the physiological nor psychophysical
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Beginning of the Perceptual Process
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Q1) Lorelei's mother is 60 years old, and, because of the condition called _____, she has a difficult time bringing near objects into focus.
A) cataracts
B) diplopia
C) presbyopia
D) retinitis pigmentosa
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is a reason for the poor acuity of newborns
A) The rods are not developed at birth.
B) Newborns have too much visual pigment in the cones.
C) A newborn's rods have very narrow inner segments.
D) The visual cortex of the newborn is only partially developed.
Answer: D
Q3) Convergence results in _____ sensitivity and _____ acuity.
A) increased; increased
B) increased; decreased
C) decreased; decreased
D) decreased; increased
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Neural Processing
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________: Limulus :: ________: human retina.
A) Horizontal cells; amacrine cells
B) Amacrine cells; horizontal cells
C) Lateral plexus; horizontal and amacrine cells
D) Lateral plexus; rods
Answer: C
Q2) A neuron with an excitatory center-inhibitory surround receptive field will respond most when we stimulate _____.
A) only the center
B) only the surround
C) both the center and surround together
D) part of the surround
Answer: A
Q3) Selective rearing refers to _____.
A) raising an organism in an environment that only contains certain types of stimuli
B) genetically manipulating the organism prenatally
C) genetically manipulating the organism in the first month after birth
D) presenting an array of stimuli to the organism in the first month after birth
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Cortical Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) The results of the patient D.F., who had visual form agnosia, show that _____.
A) perception and action are independent of each other in the brain
B) the same brain areas are involved in visual orientation and oriented action
C) the inability to draw items is due to a lack of general knowledge
D) double dissociations do not occur in these patients
Q2) Ablation is a procedure in which _____.
A) a radioactive isotope is injected into the bloodstream and traced through the brain
B) electrodes on the scalp are used to measure changes in brain activity
C) a particular area of the brain is removed or destroyed
D) an electromagnetic pulse is used to temporarily disrupt brain activity
Q3) Which statement regarding the dorsal and ventral pathways is most accurate
A) Information flow is unidirectional in both pathways.
B) The pathways rely on information from the same type of ganglion cells.
C) The pathways are independent of each other and do not communicate.
D) Both pathways have feedback activation.
Q4) Describe how MRIs and fMRIs are performed and explain why these methods are so important to psychological research.
Q5) Describe how an object such as a tree is represented in the striate cortex.
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Chapter 5: Perceiving Objects and Scenes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on Fei-Fei et al. (2007), smaller objects within a scene are typically recognized within _____.
A) 50 milliseconds
B) 150 milliseconds?
C) 500 milliseconds
D) 1000 milliseconds
Q2) The _____ effect is that humans perceive horizontals and verticals more easily than other orientations.
A) Turing
B) Oblique?
C) spreading?
D) visual persistence
Q3) Research has shown that an infant can visually recognize his/her mother's face from _____.
A) the contrast between her eye color and face
B) her smile
C) the contrast between her hairline and forehead
D) her overall head shape
Q4) Explain how grouping and segregation work together to organize perception.
Q5) Discuss three reasons why object perception is difficult for computer vision.
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Chapter 6: Visual Attention
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the relationship between change blindness and continuity errors (b) Describe a specific example of a "continuity error".
Q2) In an fMRI study by Datta and DeYoe (2009), participants covertly shifted their attention within a display. This shifting of attention resulted in the activation of _____. A) the same brain regions because the participant's eyes were not moving B) the same brain regions because the participant was engaging attention C) different brain regions because the participant was attending to different locations D) different brain regions because the participant's eyes were moving
Q3) Kelly is participating in an attention study. She is asked to fixate on a cross in the middle of the screen and watch for a word to appear in place of the cross. When the word appears she is using ______ attention to perceive it.
A) indirect
B) overt
C) covert
D) focused
Q4) How is talking on a cell phone while driving different from talking to passengers while driving
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Chapter 7: Taking Action
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Sample Questions
Q1) The movement of elements of the environment relative to the observer is called _____.
A) optic flow
B) the phi movement
C) an affordance
D) motion ecology
Q2) Describe evidence from monkey studies that suggests that mirror neurons do more than respond to patterns of motion.
Q3) Some researchers have suggested that individuals with chronic pain may not perceive distances differently, but rather, may have _____.
A) emotional overreactions
B) different expectations
C) cognitive differences
D) less motivation
Q4) Discuss the capacity of newborn infants to imitate facial expressions.
Q5) One researcher found that tennis players who have recently won a match perceive the net as being lower than those who have recently lost. Describe how these differences in perception might arise.
Q6) Discuss research that shows how vision is important in performing a somersault.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Perceiving Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss three types of illusory motion and provide an example of each.
Q2) The connection between MT neurons and movement perception has been supported by _____.
A) lesioning studies only
B) microstimulation studies only
C) both lesioning and microstimulation studies
D) intact brain studies only
Q3) A monkey with an intact MT cortex can detect the direction of moving dots when coherence is ____%, while a monkey that has had the MT cortex lesioned detects the direction of the moving dots when coherence is _____%.
A) 1-2; 10-20
B) 10-20; 1-2
C) 1-2; 1-2
D) 1-20; 1-2
Q4) In monkeys, real-motion neurons have been located in _____.
A) the extrastriate cortex
B) the striate cortex
C) the retina
D) the brain stem
Q5) Describe Francesca Simion's work with biological motion in newborn infants.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Perceiving Color
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nora adapts to a yellow stimulus for about 30 seconds. She will then see an afterimage that appears to be _____.
A) a saturated yellow
B) green
C) blue
D) red
Q2) The neutral point for protonopes is approximately ___ nm.
A) 405
B) 492
C) 570
D) 690
Q3) Dr. Lanzilotti wants to create a stimulus that will produce an afterimage of a red heart shape against a white background. He should make the heart _____ and the background _____.
A) red; green
B) green; black
C) blue; white
D) pink; red
Q4) Evaluate Newton's claim that the light "rays are not colored."
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Chapter 10: Perceiving Depth and Size
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the _____ theory of the moon illusion, the overhead moon appears smaller when it is surrounded by a large amount of sky.
A) ocular dominance
B) stimulus deprivation
C) angular size-contrast
D) apparent-distance
Q2) A major assumption of the apparent-distance theory of the moon illusion is that the sky overhead _____.
A) appears to be further away than the horizon because of the lack of the depth cue of atmospheric perspective
B) appears to be further away than the horizon because of the depth cue of stereopsis
C) appears to be closer than the horizon because of the lack of depth cues
D) appears to be closer than the horizon because of the depth cue of accommodation
Q3) Discuss the method, results, and implications of the Holway and Boring (1941) "hallway" experiment.
Q4) Discuss motion-based depth perception cues.
Q5) Describe the differences in how depth is perceived in cats, insects, and bats.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Hearing I: Basic Processes and Pitch Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The outer hair cells respond to sound by slightly tilting and changing length. Because of the consequence of this, the action of the outer hair cells is called the _____.
A) the tuning response
B) the cochlear amplifier
C) phase lock mechanism.
D) the traveling wave
Q2) The question "If a tree falls in a forest and no one is there to hear it, would there be a sound
Is useful because it highlights that "sound" can be _____.
A) only a physical stimulus?
B) only a perceptual response
C) both a perceptual response and a physical stimulus
D) only a philosophical construct
Q3) A piano tone played backwards will sound more likely an organ than a piano because _____.
A) the tone's original decay has become the attack, and vice versa
B) the tone chroma is higher when played backwards
C) the tone height is decreased when played backwards
D) two middle harmonics are eliminated when played backwards
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Hearing II: Location and Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss research that shows that similarity of pitch and timbre affects auditory grouping.
Q2) The neural basis of binaural localization begins along the pathway to the brain, in the _____.
A) medial geniculate nucleus
B) cochlear nucleus
C) inferior colliculus
D) superior olivary nucleus
Q3) Spectral cues for auditory localization are provided by _____.
A) the frequency of the sound wave
B) the interaural level difference
C) the head position and the pinnae
D) the motion of the stimulus
Q4) If there is an interaural time difference, we interpret the sound as coming from
A) directly in front of us
B) directly behind us
C) the side
D) directly above us
Q5) What is meter and what is known about the processing of meter in the brain?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Speech Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the motor theory of speech perception.
Q2) Brain scanning research has shown that the _____ is responsible for identifying sounds, and the _____ is responsible for locating sounds.
A) "where" (dorsal) stream; what" (ventral) stream
B) "what" (ventral) stream; "where" (dorsal) stream
C) corpus callosum; "where" (dorsal) stream
D) Pacinian area; what" (ventral) stream
Q3) Discuss what information is used by listeners to accomplish speech segmentation.
Q4) What is the McGurk effect What evidence exists for the physiological basis for this effect?
Q5) The _____ is the shortest segment of speech that, if changed, changes the meaning of the word.
A) formant
B) phoneme
C) tadoma
D) morpheme
Q6) What is noise vocoded speech and what has been learned using it?
Q7) Discuss two sources of the variability problem. Provide examples for each.
Q8) Discuss Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia.
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Chapter 14: The Cutaneous Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Name and discuss the differences between the four types of mechanoreceptors.
Q2) Research by Derbyshire et al. (2003) Hofbauer et al. (2001) showed that hypnotic suggestion _____.
A) causes changes in somatosensory cortex for changes in affective component of pain
B) can cause changes in anterior cingulate cortex for changes in sensory component of pain
C) causes changes in somatosensory cortex for changes in sensory component of pain
D) can cause changes in somatosensory cortex for changes in emotional component of pain
Q3) Jan is a right-handed violin player - she bows with her right hand and fingers the strings with her left. The cortical representation for the fingers on her left hand is _____.
A) equal to the area for the fingers on her right hand
B) equal to the area for the fingers on the left hand of a non-musician
C) larger than the area for the fingers on the left hand of a non-musician
D) smaller than the area for the fingers on the left hand of a non-musician
Q4) Explain how haptic exploration is used to identify objects.
Q5) Describe the basic principles of the gate-control model of pain.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: The Chemical Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the research on odor identification. Relate Goldstein's anecdote about smelling "Aquavit" to odor identification (or better yet, describe a similar situation that happened in your life).
Q2) Macrosmatic animals _____.
A) have relatively few olfactory receptors
B) have limited ability to discriminate among odors
C) are unable to exploit pheromones
D) use their sense of smell for survival
Q3) The ____ pathway conducts signals from the front and sides of the tongue to the brain.
A) chorda tympani
B) glossopharyngeal nerve
C) vagus nerve
D) insula nerve
Q4) Describe the capacity of human infants to experience taste and smell.
Q5) Dogs are more sensitive to smells than humans because _____.
A) humans have more olfactory receptors than dogs
B) dogs have many more olfactory receptors than humans
C) each individual olfactory receptor is more sensitive in dogs than in humans
D) dogs tend to be microsmatic
Page 17
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