Introduction to Psychology Practice Questions
Course
Introduction
Introduction to Psychology offers an engaging exploration of the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. This course provides students with foundational knowledge in major psychological concepts, theories, and research methods. Topics include the biological bases of behavior, learning, cognition, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social influences. Through lectures, discussions, and hands-on activities, students gain insight into how psychology explains everyday behavior, enhances well-being, and informs decision making across various aspects of life.
Recommended Textbook
Development Through the Lifespan 7th Edition by Laura E. Berk
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19 Chapters
2482 Verified Questions
2482 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: History, theory, and Research Strategies
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the criticisms of Jean Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory.
Answer: Despite Jean Piaget's overwhelming contributions to the field of human development,his cognitive-developmental theory has been challenged.Research indicates that Piaget underestimated the competencies of infants and preschoolers.When young children are given tasks scaled down in difficulty and relevant to their everyday experiences,their understanding appears closer to that of the older child and adult than Piaget assumed.Also,adolescents generally reach their full intellectual potential only in areas of endeavor in which they have had extensive education and experience.These findings have led many researchers to conclude that cognitive maturity depends heavily on the complexity of knowledge sampled and the individual's familiarity with the task.Furthermore,children's performance on Piagetian problems can be improved with training-findings that call into question Piaget's assumption that discovery learning rather than adult teaching is the best way to foster development.Critics also point out that Piaget's stagewise account pays insufficient attention to social and cultural influences on development.Finally,lifespan theorists-challenging Piaget's conclusion that no major cognitive changes occur after adolescence-have proposed important transformations in adulthood.
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Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Usually,in vitro fertilization __________.
A) is used to overcome male reproductive difficulties
B) poses less risk than natural conception to infant survival
C) is used to treat women whose fallopian tubes are permanently damaged
D) involves wealthy contractors for infants
Answer: C
Q2) Bart and Nadia are gymnasts.Their 4-year-old son,Dylan,participates in children's gymnastics.This is an example of __________.
A) methylation
B) evocative correlation
C) active correlation
D) passive correlation
Answer: D
Q3) Autosomes are chromosomes that are __________.
A) sex cells
B) zygotes
C) not matching
D) not sex cells
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development, birth, and the Newborn Baby
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) By the end of Greta's first month of pregnancy,her embryo __________.
A) can sense its world
B) is about ¼ inch long
C) can suck its thumb
D) can curl its toes
Answer: B
Q2) Maternal high blood glucose __________.
A) can cause Rh factor incompatibility
B) is linked to poorer memory in early childhood
C) is linked to low birth weight
D) can cause the mother's blood pressure to increase sharply
Answer: B
Q3) Which Apgar criterion is the most difficult to apply to newborns of all races?
A) pink color
B) reflex irritability
C) limp muscle tone
D) strong breathing
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Yokow gets just enough calories from starchy foods,but his diet is very low in protein.He has an enlarged belly,swollen feet,and a rash on his skin.Yokow probably suffers from __________.
A) marasmus
B) iron-deficiency anemia
C) kwashiorkor
D) nonorganic failure to thrive
Q2) Synapses __________.
A) decrease dramatically during the first year
B) are tiny gaps between neighboring neurons
C) are pruned during mitosis
D) are responsible for myelination
Q3) __________ growth is a return to a genetically influenced growth path once negative conditions improve.
A) Cephalocaudal
B) Proximodistal
C) Catch-up
D) Thyroid-stimulating
Q4) Discuss the two growth patterns that describe the changes in body proportions as a child grows.
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Piaget believed that infants and toddlers __________.
A) carry out many activities inside their heads
B) "think" with their eyes, ears, and hands
C) assimilate more than they accommodate
D) are incapable of constructing schemes
Q2) During times of rapid cognitive change,children __________
A) are in a state of disequilibrium
B) assimilate more than they accommodate
C) are likely to construct inefficient schemes
D) balance assimilation and accommodation
Q3) The more time caregivers and infants spend in joint play with objects,the __________.
A) slower babies' vocabulary growth
B) earlier babies use preverbal gestures
C) later babies say their first word
D) more often caregivers speak for infants
Q4) What are the two main problems that modern researchers have with Piaget's sensorimotor stage? What are his contributions to the field of research on infant cognition?
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Q5) Describe the signs of developmentally appropriate infant and toddler child care.
Chapter 6: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The __________ taps a wider array of attachment-related behaviors than the Strange Situation.
A) secure base
B) Attachment Q-Sort
C) internal working model
D) goodness-of-fit model
Q2) According to Erikson,when parents are over- or undercontrolling,the outcome is a child who __________.
A) feels self-confident
B) acts competently on his own
C) asserts his independence
D) feels forced and shamed
Q3) In Thomas and Chess's New York Longitudinal Study,35 percent of the children __________.
A) were classified as easy children
B) did not fit any of the categories
C) were classified as slow-to-warm-up children
D) were classified as difficult children
Q4) Describe separation anxiety.When does it occur?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) By age 2,children __________.
A) take turns in face-to-face interaction
B) can infer a speaker's indirectly expressed intention
C) adjust their speech to fit the age of their listeners
D) adjust their speech to fit the social status of their listeners
Q2) In child-centered kindergarten programs,__________
A) teachers structure children's learning
B) teachers rely on repetition and drill
C) children learn through formal lessons
D) much learning takes place through play
Q3) According to Vygotksy,children's learning takes place __________.
A) within the zone of proximal development
B) primarily through acting on the environment
C) through reinforcement and punishment
D) through independent activity
Q4) For most children,the left cerebral hemisphere __________.
A) is especially active between 3 and 6 years and then levels off
B) shows slow activity throughout early and middle childhood
C) shows a slight growth spurt between ages 8 and 10
D) peaks between 1 and 3 years and decreases slowly throughout early childhood
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Chapter 8: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Initially,the most common type of aggression is __________.
A) reactive
B) proactive
C) hostile
D) active
Q2) __________ fosters a more positive,coherent early self-concept.
A) Permissive parenting
B) A warm, sensitive parent-child relationship
C) Authoritarian parenting
D) Strong identification with the other-sex parent
Q3) Deon sent his son,Oskar,to his room when Oskar began screaming and throwing his toy trucks.This time-out technique __________.
A) will give Deon time to cool off
B) is not harsh enough to change Oskar's behavior
C) helps Oskar build social and life skills
D) teaches Oskar responsible participation in the family
Q4) Discuss direct and indirect parental influences on early peer relations.
Q5) Discuss the emergence of self-esteem in early childhood.How can adults promote high self-esteem?
Q6) Compare and contrast the authoritative and authoritarian child-rearing styles. Page 10
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of injury in middle childhood,followed by __________ accidents.
A) bicycle
B) playground
C) sports-related
D) rough-and-tumble play
Q2) Many studies confirm that __________.
A) the whole-language approach places too much emphasis on basic skills
B) children do not benefit from reading strategies until they have fully mastered phonics
C) fluent readers tend to use ineffective reading strategies and have difficulty with comprehension
D) combining phonics with whole language is the best method for teaching beginning reading
Q3) The information-processing perspective __________.
A) examines separate aspects of thinking
B) fails to consider biological influences on cognitive development
C) applies only to children in cultures having formal schooling
D) focuses on overall cognitive change
Q4) Discuss the development of planning on multistep tasks in middle childhood.
Page 12
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Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research shows that school-age children of both sexes __________.
A) rate "masculine" occupations as having higher status than "feminine" occupations
B) are usually tolerant when boys engage in cross-gender acts
C) often feel gender-atypical but are afraid to talk about it
D) will usually reject and ridicule a tomboyish girl
Q2) By age 6 to 7,children in diverse Western cultures have formed at least __________ broad self-evaluations.
A) two
B) four
C) six D) eight
Q3) The children in Nadine's class are asked to identify classmates whom they like most or like least.Nadine receives the highest number of votes,part of which are positive and part of which are negative.Nadine is a __________ child.
A) popular
B) rejected
C) controversial
D) neglected
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement about contraceptive use in adolescence is true?
A) Adolescents' use of contraceptives decreased throughout the 1990s and early 2000s.
B) Adolescents who report good relationships with parents are less likely to use birth control.
C) Self-regulation is difficult for teenagers, who often overlook the potential consequences of risky behaviors.
D) Young people are most likely to use condoms in relatively new relationships in which they feel high trust or love.
Q2) Which statement about adolescent mothers is true?
A) They are unlikely to experience pregnancy complications.
B) They have unrealistically low expectations of their infants.
C) They are less likely to divorce if they do marry.
D) Very few give up their infants for adoption.
Q3) Jason,a late-maturing boy,is likely to __________.
A) be viewed by both adults and peers as self-confident
B) report more psychological stress than early-maturing boys
C) experience transient emotional difficulties
D) be involved in more problem behaviors than early-maturing boys
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Chapter 12: Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence
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132 Verified Questions
132 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Teenage girls are twice as likely as boys to __________.
A) report persistent depressed mood
B) show low rates of depressive symptoms
C) have risk factors for suicide
D) kill themselves
Q2) Sonja,age 15,is likely to report that the most important characteristic of friendship is
A) shared interests
B) mutual friends
C) shared activities
D) intimacy
Q3) __________ rises over the adolescent years.
A) Self-disclosure between friends
B) Number of best friends
C) Peer conflict
D) Time spent with siblings
Q4) Describe Carol Gilligan's theory regarding the morality of girls and women.Are her claims supported by current research?
Page 15
Q5) Discuss gender differences in friendship quality in adolescence.
Q6) Describe how sibling interactions adapt to development at adolescence.
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Page 16
Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is true about stress in early adulthood?
A) Young adults are better than middle-aged and older adults at coping with stress.
B) Early adulthood is marked as one of the least stressful times of life.
C) Psychological stress has little impact on physical health in early adulthood.
D) Young adults more often report depressive symptoms than middle-aged people.
Q2) Which statement about rape prevention and treatment is true?
A) Practically no services are available for victimized men, who are often too embarrassed to come forward.
B) The trauma induced by rape is typically so personal that group therapy is an ineffective intervention.
C) Because sexual coercion is a violent crime, it has little to do with gender inequality or stereotyping.
D) Safety planning interventions are not needed if the abuser is no longer present in the victim's life.
Q3) List and describe the three periods of vocational development.
Q4) Describe the theory of biological aging that emphasizes the programmed effects of specific genes.
Q5) Briefly describe the psychological impact of attending college.
Page 17
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Chapter 14: Emotional and Social Development in Early
Adulthood
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The rate of never-married Americans age 25 and older has __________ since 1960.
A) decreased slightly
B) increased slightly C) more than doubled
D) stayed the same
Q2) From the college years through career exploration and settling into work roles,__________.
A) other-sex friendships increase
B) same-sex friendships cease to be vital contexts for sharing
C) same-sex friendships decrease in importance
D) siblings become more frequent companions
Q3) Erikson believed that successful resolution of intimacy versus isolation prepares the individual for the middle adulthood stage,which focuses on __________.
A) initiative
B) autonomy
C) generativity
D) industry
Q4) Discuss effective interventions that help families ease the transition to parenthood.
Page 18
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As processing speed slows,__________.
A) attention heightens
B) working memory improves
C) executive function declines
D) verbal IQ decreases
Q2) When __________ persists,it can prevent the heart from pumping enough blood and result in faintness.
A) BRCA2
B) arrhythmia
C) osteoporosis
D) angina pectoris
Q3) Which statement is true about the aging skeleton?
A) Bones become more porous with age.
B) Bones narrow with age, as new cells accumulate.
C) With age, the mineral content of bones increases.
D) Men's reserve of bone minerals is lower than women's.
Q4) Why do some individuals decline intellectually with age much earlier than others? What factors are linked to favorable cognitive development in adulthood?
Q5) Discuss the changes that the skin undergoes during the aging process.
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Chapter 16: Emotional and Social Development in Middle
Adulthood
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129 Verified Questions
129 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Negative turning points described by MIDUS participants __________.
A) resembled midlife crises
B) usually involved work-related issues
C) generally led to personal growth
D) focused on the physical changes of aging
Q2) Which statement is true about job training for older workers?
A) They have greater access than younger workers to vocational training opportunities.
B) They depend more than younger workers on co-worker encouragement for vocational development.
C) Negative stereotypes of aging increase their confidence that they can get better at their jobs.
D) They depend less than younger workers on supervisor encouragement for vocational development.
Q3) Compared to men,middle-aged women report __________.
A) a smaller number of close friends
B) less satisfaction with their friendships
C) providing their friends with more emotional support
D) a greater willingness to break off a long-term friendship
Q4) Describe the sandwich generation.
Page 20
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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130 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Van sometimes has trouble finding the right words to convey his thoughts.He often says,"It is right on the tip of my tongue." Like many older adults,Van is most likely
A) having a harder time comprehending language
B) attending more closely to features of conversational speech
C) having trouble retrieving words from long-term memory
D) quickly losing interest in conversational topics
Q2) Once people pass __________ years,the contribution of heredity to length of life decreases in favor of environmental factors.
A) 45 to 50
B) 55 to 60
C) 65 to 70
D) 75 to 80
Q3) Which statement is true about rheumatoid arthritis?
A) Almost all older adults show some signs of the condition on X-rays.
B) It is sometimes called "degenerative joint disease" or "wear-and-tear" arthritis.
C) Although it can strike at any age, it increases after age 60.
D) Symptoms cannot be relieved with analgesic medication.
Q4) Define and describe terminal decline.
Page 21
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Chapter 18: Emotional and Social Development in Late
Adulthood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) With age,older adults report that the friends they feel the closest to __________.
A) live in the same community
B) are members of the other sex
C) live far away
D) are much younger in years
Q2) Ida is mostly self-reliant.She experiences no difficulty with daily activities.Ida probably views social contact as __________.
A) demeaning
B) unpleasant
C) a necessary chore
D) highly satisfying
Q3) August stops by his mother April's house every week.If April has no trouble with tasks like making coffee or unloading the dishwasher,then August withdraws.August's behavior toward April illustrates the __________ script.
A) dependency-support
B) independence-ignore
C) assisted independence
D) codependency-support
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Chapter 19: Death, dying, and Bereavement
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128 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is true about dying in U.S.nursing homes?
A) Care emphasizes rehabilitation rather than high-quality terminal care.
B) Residents' end-of-life preferences are usually recorded in medical charts.
C) Pain management education is typically given to staff, residents, and family members.
D) Medical treatment is usually focused on high-quality terminal care.
Q2) Which of the following is true about how we die?
A) The greatest dignity in death is in the integrity of the life that precedes it.
B) Societies do not need a definition of death because it happens at a single point in time.
C) The brain death standard always solves the problem of when to halt treatment.
D) Today, medical science can guarantee the idealized, easy end most people want.
Q3) The five reactions Kübler-Ross observed are best viewed as __________.
A) a fixed sequence
B) universal stages
C) maladaptive, emotion-centered coping
D) coping strategies that anyone may call on in the face of threat
Q4) Define and describe the three phases of death.
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Page 23