Introduction to Psychology Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychology provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The course explores foundational concepts such as the biological bases of behavior, perception, learning, memory, development, emotion, motivation, personality, psychological disorders, and social behavior. Students will examine major psychological theories, methods of research, and real-world applications, gaining insight into how psychologists investigate questions about the mind and human behavior. This foundational course prepares students for more advanced study in various subfields of psychology and helps develop critical thinking skills relevant to understanding individual and group behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Human Development 3rd Edition by Jeffrey Jensen Arnett
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Page 2
Chapter 1: A Cultural Approach to Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cameron is a graduate student who is working on her doctoral thesis and is in the process of conducting a research study on how learning phonics contributes to reading skills in first graders.Based on the scientific method, after collecting data to test her hypothesis, Cameron's next task is to __________.
A)draw conclusions and form new questions and hypotheses
B)identify a question of scientific interest
C)form a hypothesis
D)choose a research method and a research design
Answer: A
Q2) According to Erikson, what is the developmental challenge during early adulthood?
A)identity vs.identity confusion
B)intimacy vs.isolation
C)generativity vs.stagnation
D)ego integrity vs.despair
Answer: B
Q3) What are the components of socioeconomic status (SES)?
Answer: education level, income level, and occupational status
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3
Chapter 2: Genetics and Prenatal Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Give an example of pregnancy advice that reflects cultural wisdom in traditional cultures.What is a plausible explanation that this advice is passed down from generation to generation?
Answer: Among the Beng people of West Africa, women are warned against drinking palm wine during pregnancy and also to avoid eating the meat of the bushback antelope (or the baby may be born with stripes).These warnings reflect the fact that people in these cultures know that many things can go wrong during pregnancy and these tips may offer a sense of control.
Q2) You have likely heard people say, "The father is the one who determines the sex of the child." Explain why this is true.
Answer: Females' eggs have two X chromosomes and males' sperm contains either an X or a Y.When a zygote is formed, it receives an X chromosome from the female, but it can get either an X or a Y from the male.If it receives a Y, the result is a male; if it receives an X, it becomes a female.
Q3) What is a genetic mutation?
Answer: A genetic mutation is a permanent alteration of a DNA sequence that makes up a gene.These mutations contribute to developmental problems in offspring.
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Chapter 3: Birth and the Newborn Child
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which the following are three major benefits of breast-feeding?
A)increased bonding, weight reduction, and lower prevalence of diabetes
B)convenience, overwhelming popularity, and economically viability
C)the passing of antibodies, increased cognitive development, and reduced childhood obesity
D)a lower prevalence of personality disorders, increased cognitive development, and an increased frequency of mild temperament
Answer: C
Q2) The __________ during the third and final stage of labor.
A)amniotic sac ruptures
B)fetus's head crowns
C)fetus is born
D)placenta and umbilical cord are expelled
Answer: D
Q3) At what gestational age do all of the fetus's body parts respond to touch?
A)4 months
B)5 months
C)6 months
D)7 months
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ takes place when new information is altered to fit an existing scheme, whereas __________ takes place when a scheme is changed to adapt to new information.
A)Accommodation; assimilation
B)Assimilation; accommodation
C)Retrieval; encoding
D)Encoding; retrieval
Q2) Explain the concept of synaptic exuberance.
Q3) The ____________ is a peanut-sized structure in the limbic system of the brain that regulates basic animal functions such as hunger, thirst, hormonal levels, body temperature, and sexual desire.
A)hypothalamus
B)thalamus
C)hippocampus
D)cerebral cortex
Q4) Describe the development of one primary emotion during the first year of infancy.
Q5) How have researchers tested long-term memory?
Q6) Would 3-year-olds enjoy the game of peek-a-boo? Would you expect to see cultural variations? Explain.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Toddlerhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ describes the cognitive ability that helps toddlers to develop sociomoral emotions.
A)Self-awareness
B)Self-esteem
C)Self-report
D)Self-reflection
Q2) Based on what we know of human history and practices today in traditional cultures, it is clear that most infants have been breast-fed until __________ year(s) of age.
A)1
B)1 to 2
C)2 to 3
D)3 to 4
Q3) What technology is used to measure the burst of electricity emitted when a synapse fires?
A)electrocardiogram
B)electroencephalogram
C)echocardiogram
D)electromyogram
Q4) What is synaptic pruning, and is it normal?
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Chapter 6: Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rates of early childhood injury among 1- to 14-year-olds due to accidents are __________ than in developed countries.
A)six times higher in Vietnam
B)five times higher in South Africa
C)two times higher in India
D)four times higher in China
Q2) Boys are __________ than girls to play electronic games and prefer games that involve __________.
A)more likely; fighting and sports
B)more likely; adventure and learning
C)less likely; fighting and sports
D)less likely; adventure and learning
Q3) Which statement is indicative of the kind of emotional observation most 5-year-olds can correctly identify?
A)"He's happy because he got a new puppy."
B)"He's frustrated because he didn't get a good grade in his math class."
C)"She's excited because he boyfriend texted her during her exam."
D)"She's anxious because she doesn't know how to apologize."
Q4) Describe two characteristics of children that put them at risk for being abused.
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Chapter 7: Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Salima is in 2nd grade, does well in school, plays youth soccer, attends a Catholic church, and gets along with others.Based on selective association principles, Salima will most likely be friends with __________.
A)Heidi, who is in Salima's class, plays on her soccer team, and attends the church
B)Tom, who attends Salima's church but is in a different class and plays youth football
C)Barbara, who is friends with Salima's older brother and lives in the same neighborhood
D)Gary, who was in Salima's first-grade class, invited her to his birthday party, and does poorly in school
Q2) The International Labor Organization (ILO) has estimated that about __________ children and adolescents are employed worldwide, and that __________ of them are in developing countries
A)73 million; 95%
B)400 million; 75%
C)600 million; 55%
D)800 million; 35%
Q3) Why does self-esteem decrease from early childhood to middle childhood?
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) To whom are adolescents least likely to show the self that they know does not represent what they are actually thinking and feeling?
A)friends
B)dates
C)parents
D)teachers
Q2) Which of the following best describes the classification of social substance use?
A)trying a substance once or perhaps a few times out of curiosity and then not using it again
B)using a substance during social activities with one or more friends
C)using a substance to relieve an unpleasant emotional state such as sadness, anxiety, stress, or loneliness
D)becoming dependent on regular use of the substance to feel good physically or psychologically
Q3) How do males from the Dioula culture of the Ivory Coast learn to weave? How does your answer illustrate Vygotsky's theory?
Q4) Briefly describe a puberty ritual of a non-Western culture.
Q5) What is metacognition, and how could it be the source of stress for adolescents?
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Chapter 9: Emerging Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tertiary education in the United States is mainly paid for by __________, whereas in other developed countries it is paid for by __________.
A)students and their parents; the government
B)the government; students and their parents
C)students and their parents; corporate endowments
D)corporate endowments; students and their parents
Q2) __________ is a pattern of sleeping far longer on weekends and holidays than on school or work days, which leads to poor academic and job performance.
A)A phased advanced delay
B)Insomnia
C)Hypersomnia
D)Delayed sleep phase syndrome
Q3) Recent research finds that having a strong ethnic identity is related to
A)overall well-being
B)lower academic achievement
C) with their own ethnic members
D)higher rates of risk behavior
Q4) Is emerging adulthood a universal period of human development? Why or why not?
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Chapter 10: Young Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) American adults spend more time __________ than on all other leisure and household activities combined.
A)using a computer and being on the internet
B)watching television
C)attending sporting events
D)being outdoors, camping and hiking
Q2) Louis Terman was __________.
A)the developer of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
B)the father of psychoanalysis and the developer of psychoanalytic therapy
C)one of the original developers of the Stanford Binet IQ test
D)the co-author of the book The Origin of Species
Q3) Mariah's personality is such that she follows directions carefully and prefers structured activities.According to Holland's theory, which occupation would be a good fit for Mariah?
A)writing of fiction
B)managing a business
C)teacher
D)bank teller
Q4) In traditional cultures, what marks the transition to adulthood? Explain.
Q5) Are there changes in immune function during young adulthood? Explain.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Middle Adulthood
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Q1) In Cattell's theory, what type of intelligence is a biologically based quality of the neurological system and cannot be trained or taught but can be developed?
A)verbal intelligence
B)performance intelligence
C)fluid intelligence
D)crystallized intelligence
Q2) In middle adulthood, what issue continues to increase in prevalence, partly due to a biological tendency toward increasing body fat and losing muscle mass?
A)obesity
B)joint problems
C)athletic injuries
D)hair loss
Q3) When is marriage satisfaction at its highest?
A)during the first year
B)during the second year
C)during child raising
D)when the last child has left
Q4) Discuss two variables that influence the timing of menopause.
Q5) Discuss two ways that a person could achieve a sense of generativity.
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Chapter 12: Late Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Yoruba tribe in Nigeria has the same likelihood of carrying the gene for Alzheimer's that individuals in the United States do, but they are less likely to experience Alzheimer's disease.Why?
A)Their diet has low levels of fats and sugars.
B)They live in less polluted areas.
C)They are not exposed to urban crowding.
D)They do not live long enough to have difficulties with Alzheimer's disease.
Q2) At what age are people considered to be part of the oldest-old group? Can you think of someone who does not meet this age criteria but still fits the definition? Explain.
Q3) According to Baltes and his colleagues, the most successful adaptation to declining physical and cognitive abilities in late adulthood involves __________.
A)habituation and dishabituation to create equilibrium (HDE)
B)cognitive reserve to improve IQ scores (CRI)
C)mental images and language to improve cognitive functioning (MILCF)
D)selective optimization with compensation (SOC)
Q4) List the three components of successful aging.
Q5) How do researchers using Baltes and Staudinger's model measure wisdom? Are there any shortcomings to this approach?
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Chapter 13: Death and Afterlife Beliefs
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, what percentage of Americans said they believe in life after death?
A)25%
B)50%
C)75%
D)85%
Q2) Which of the following are known side effects of the prolonged use of human growth hormone?
A)thinning of hair, hearing impairment, and loss of visual acuity
B)growth of excess hair, liver damage, and abnormal growth of hands
C)thinning of hair, scoliosis, and jaundice
D)growth of sores on the skin, nearsightedness, and eczema
Q3) In developed countries, what percentage of people who experience a heart attack die before reaching the hospital?
A)90%
B)70%
C)50%
D)30%
Q4) What is the Ghost Month, and who celebrates it?
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