Introduction to Psychology Mock
Exam
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychology provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles, theories, and methods used in the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. This course covers key topics such as perception, learning, memory, cognition, motivation, emotion, personality, psychological disorders, and social interaction. Students will explore how psychological research is conducted and gain insights into how biological, cultural, and environmental factors influence individuals. Emphasis is placed on both classic and contemporary studies to help students develop critical thinking skills and a deeper understanding of the complexities of human thought and behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Biological Psychology 12th Edition by
James W. Kalat
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15 Chapters
1794 Verified Questions
1794 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
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Sample Questions
Q1) At the resting potential,the potassium channels are completely closed and the sodium channels are almost closed.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The action potential of a neuron depends mostly on what movement of ions?
A)sodium ions entering the cell
B)sodium ions leaving the cell
C)potassium ions entering the cell
D)potassium ions leaving the cell
Answer: A
Q3) When the potential across a membrane reaches threshold,the sodium channels
A)open to let sodium enter the cell rapidly
B)close to prevent sodium from entering the cell
C)open to let sodium exit the cell rapidly
D)close to prevent sodium from exiting the cell
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Synapses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Releasing hormones are synthesized in the ____ and released in the ____.
A)anterior pituitary; bloodstream
B)hypothalamus; anterior pituitary
C)hypothalamus; posterior pituitary
D)posterior pituitary; hypothalamus
Answer: B
Q2) COMT and MAO are ____.
A)enzymes that convert catecholamines into inactive chemicals
B)enzymes that make catecholamines
C)neurotransmitters in the same group as serotonin
D)the inactive fragments of catecholamines
Answer: A
Q3) An action potential causes the release of neurotransmitters by ____.
A)blocking potassium pores in the membrane
B)opening chloride pores in the membrane
C)blocking iron pores in the membrane
D)opening calcium pores in the membrane
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Anatomy and Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) The spinal cord communicates with ____.
A)sense organs and muscles below the level of the head
B)all sense organs and muscles in the human body
C)the dorsal root ganglia only
D)the ventral root ganglia only
Answer: A
Q2) The only area of the cerebral cortex known to receive input from ALL sensory modalities is the ____.
A)thalamus
B)prefrontal cortex
C)striate cortex
D)parietal lobe
Answer: B
Q3) Secretions from which gland will also affect the secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland,adrenal gland,and ovaries or testes?
A)thymus gland
B)pineal gland
C)pituitary gland
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Evolution improves the fitness of the population,which is defined as ____.
A)the number of copies of one's genes that endure in later generations
B)survival of the individual
C)ability to adapt to a variety of environments
D)overall health and well-being
Q2) Genes become more prevalent in a population if they contribute to reproductive success.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The fluid-filled cavity of the developing neural tube becomes the ____.
A)forebrain
B)midbrain
C)spinal cord
D)ventricular system
Q4) Diaschisis refers to the ____.
A)increase in activity of neurons surrounding a damaged area
B)decreased activity of surviving neurons after other neurons are damaged
C)increased activity in the cerebral cortex after damage to any part of the brain
D)increased activity in the hypothalamus after damage to any part of the brain
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Chapter 5: Vision
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Sample Questions
Q1) Shapes are more easily identified with peripheral vision than foveal vision.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Night-active species are more likely than day-active species to have ____.
A)better peripheral vision
B)larger blind spots
C)a greater rod to cone ratio
D)a greater cone to rod ratio
Q3) Why does the fovea provide the clearest,most detailed visual information?
A)It is closest to the pupil.
B)It surrounds the optic nerve.
C)It has tightly packed receptors.
D)It contains many blood vessels for supplying energy.
Q4) According to the law of specific nerve energies,the brain tells the difference between one sensory modality and another by ____.
A)which neurotransmitter is released
B)which neurons are active
C)the velocity of the action potentials
D)the amplitude of the action potentials
Q5) Describe the functional and anatomic differences between rods and cones.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Other Sensory Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the otolith organs,the otoliths are calcium carbonate particles that ____.
A)push against hair cells when moved
B)vibrate with different frequencies
C)stabilize the semicircular canals
D)enhance sound localization
Q2) There are hundreds of different types of olfactory receptors.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The scala media makes up part of the ____.
A)tympanic membrane
B)middle ear
C)cochlea
D)ossicles
Q4) What neurotransmitter is released by axons that carry pain information to the brain?
A)dopamine
B)serotonin
C)substance P
D)encephalin
Q5) Briefly describe the behavioral effects of pheromones in humans.
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Chapter 7: Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) The biceps muscles of the arm have a ratio of ____ to more than a hundred fibers.
A)four
B)three
C)one
D)two
Q2) Activity of a muscle spindle is to ____ as activity of the Golgi tendon organ is to
A)contraction; inhibition of contraction
B)inhibition of contraction; contraction
C)inhibition of contraction; inhibition of contraction
D)contraction; contraction
Q3) Which behavior is most likely to result from the activity of central pattern generators?
A)a dog shaking itself to dry off
B)a child catching a baseball
C)a child playing the piano
D)an adult yawning
Q4) Describe the areas and major functions of the primary motor cortex (include the relevant areas near to the motor cortex).
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Chapter 8: Wakefulness and Sleep
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Sample Questions
Q1) Typically,a person who falls asleep enters ____.
A)stage 4 and slowly progresses through the stages 3, 2, 1 and then REM
B)REM and then slowly progresses from stage 4, to 3, then 2, and lastly 1
C)stage 1 and slowly progresses through stages 2, 3 and 4, but not necessarily in order
D)stage 1 and slowly progresses through stages 2, 3 and 4 in order
Q2) Social stimuli - that is,the effects of other people - are weak ____,unless they induce exercise or other vigorous activity.
A)effects
B)motivators
C)rhythms
D)zeitgebers
Q3) What is the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in circadian rhythms?
A)Its neurons generate a 24-hour rhythm by themselves.
B)Its neurons can reset the biological clock, but they do not generate it.
C)It relays visual information to the biological clock.
D)It relays information from the biological clock to areas that control temperature and activity.
Q4) Describe brain function during REM sleep.
Q5) Discuss the leading theories on the biological perspectives on dreaming.
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Chapter 9: Internal Regulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your posterior pituitary is most likely to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH)____.
A)if you are very thirsty
B)shortly after drinking a large glass of water
C)if you are very hungry
D)shortly after eating a large meal
Q2) In response to infection,leukocytes release proteins called ____.
A)leptin
B)cholecystokinin
C)cytokines
D)insulin
Q3) A drug that stimulates melanocortin receptors would most likely ____.
A)increase meal frequency
B)increase leptin production
C)decrease meal size
D)increase meal size
Q4) The physiological changes that defend body temperature depend on areas in and near the hypothalamus.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Reproductive Behaviors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the various hypotheses based on hormone levels,which is the most plausible explanation for male homosexuality?
A)Adult testosterone levels are low.
B)Adult estrogen levels are high.
C)Prenatal testosterone levels were low during some sensitive period.
D)Prenatal estrogen levels were high during some sensitive period.
Q2) There are obvious differences in external anatomy of homosexual humans compared to heterosexual humans.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Decreases in ____ levels generally decrease male sexual activity.
A)estrogen
B)oxytocin
C)testosterone
D)estradiol
Q4) Birth-control pills prevent pregnancy by interfering with the usual feedback cycle between the ovaries and the pituitary.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Emotional Behaviors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Activity in the amygdala can change without the person being consciously aware of an emotional stimulus.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The field of study concerned with how the nervous system interacts with the immune system is known as ____.
A)endocrinology
B)immunopsychology
C)psychoneuroimmunology
D)neurobiology
Q3) The field of study that would be most concerned with the effects of smoking,diet,exercise,and stress on health is ____.
A)behavioral medicine
B)neurology
C)dietetics
D)psychology
Q4) Low serotonin turnover is associated with reduced aggression.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: The Biology of Learning and Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research on Aplysia shows us that at least one physiological basis for learning involves which of the following?
A)changes in RNA molecules
B)presynaptic changes
C)increased dendrite branching
D)changes in glia
Q2) When Penfield stimulated the temporal cortex of alert and awake brain surgery patients,he found that they ____.
A)went into spastic convulsions
B)remembered specific events from earlier in their lives in great detail
C)lost all memory for events during and shortly preceding the stimulation
D)had a dream-like experience
Q3) What should be the usual relationship between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus in classical conditioning?
A)The conditioned stimulus should be presented first.
B)The unconditioned stimulus should be presented first.
C)They should be presented simultaneously.
D)It depends on what each stimulus is.
Q4) Describe the difference between declarative and procedural memory.
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Chapter 13: Cognitive Functions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Wernicke discovered that damage to the ____ cortex produced language impairment.
A)right temporal
B)left temporal
C)right frontal
D)left frontal
Q2) The____ has made the most spectacular progress toward learning to communicate by an approximation of human language.
A)common chimpanzee
B)bonobo chimpanzee
C)gorilla
D)dolphin
Q3) A stroke patient speaks in short,inarticulate but meaningful phrases such as "Weather hot" and "Dog bite man." This person is probably suffering from ____.
A)Broca's aphasia
B)Wernicke's aphasia
C)Williams syndrome
D)apraxia
Q4) Provide a detailed description of spatial neglect.
Q5) What is Broca's apahsia and which areas of the brain does it affect?
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Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) A key gene in addiction controls COMT,an enzyme that breaks down ____ after its release.
A)serotonin
B)norepinephrine
C)dopamine
D)GABA
Q2) Which disorder is characterized by a deteriorating ability to function in everyday life and some combination of hallucinations,delusions,disorganized speech,and grossly disorganized behavior?
A)bipolar disorder
B)hypomania
C)multiple personality
D)schizophrenia
Q3) A drug that mimics or increases the effects of a neurotransmitter is called a(n)____.
A)agonist
B)antagonist
C)stimulant
D)protagonist
Q4) Describe the differences between antagonists and agonists.
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Chapter 15: Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to David Chalmers,consciousness is ____.
A)a fundamental property of matter
B)not necessary for brain functioning
C)easy to observe
D)independent of the brain
Q2) Neurons ____.
A)convey messages to glands
B)have an oval or round shape
C)are typically very large
D)are usually smaller than glia
Q3) Consciousness does not occur when you are ____.
A)in a coma
B)daydreaming
C)watching television
D)exercising
Q4) Minimalists do not tolerate any kind of animal research.
A)True
B)False
Q5) List and explain the "three Rs" of animal research.
Q6) What is monism?
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