Introduction to Psychology
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychology offers students a comprehensive overview of the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. This course explores foundational topics such as biological bases of behavior, learning, memory, perception, motivation, emotion, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social interactions. Through a combination of theoretical perspectives and empirical research, students gain insights into how individuals think, feel, and act both as individuals and within groups. The course also highlights the applications of psychological principles in everyday life, encouraging critical thinking and self-reflection.
Recommended Textbook
Visualizing The Lifespan 1st Edition by Jennifer Tanner
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17 Chapters
1823 Verified Questions
1823 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Understanding Human Development: Theories and Approaches
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94 Verified Questions
94 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sarah argues that she matured in discrete stages, independent of one another. This view overemphasizes ____________________ in development.
A) continuity.
B) discontinuity
C) self-actualization
D) self-determination
Answer: B
Q2) __________ is a general principle that describes why a satisfying, comforting feeling in response to a situation is likely to occur again under the same conditions
A) The first law of neural wiring
B) The second law of neural wiring
C) The law of effect
D) The law of association
Answer: C
Q3) According to Piaget, organization and adaptation are inseparable.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development and
Birth
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A local anesthetic injected into the lower back to numb labor pain is called a(n):
A) episiotomy.
B) epidural.
C) anesthetic.
D) analgesic.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following determines female sex
A) XX
B) XY
C) XXY
D) XYY
Answer: A
Q3) Small-for-gestational age infants are at the same risk for negative outcomes as those infants who are born prematurely.
B. False
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Receptive language describes language an infant can understand but can't produce.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) ________ is the densely nutritious, yellowish, sticky breast milk secreted during the first 2 to 3 days after birth.
A) Cilia
B) Colostrum
C) Regular breast milk
D) none of the choices
Answer: B
Q3) The ________ control(s) voluntary muscles and conveys sensory information to the CNS.
A) somatic nervous system
B) autonomic nervous system
C) dendrites
D) central nervous system
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy: The
First Two Years
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lori continues to play ball in the house after her mom told her several times to only play ball outside. When Lori accidentally knocks over her mother's favorite vase, immediately she has a deep feeling of regret; most likely she feels:
A) empathy.
B) pride.
C) guilt.
D) shame.
Q2) An event such as a loud noise is an example of a situation when a child might use social referencing.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Sex differences are clear biologically based differences between males and females.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Developmental scientists who study temperament consider environmental influences when they create goodness-of-fit indices.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Childhood:two to Six Years
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research suggests that inclusion of special needs children stalls the social and academic achievements of typical, normal-developing peers and may, in fact, undermine their educational achievement.
A)True
B)False
Q2) One of the results of lateralization manifests as ________________.
A) hand preference
B) drawing ability
C) early ability to skip and hop
D) early ability to write the alphabet
Q3) _____ refers to the process of a child gaining skill or knowledge through the experience of learning from a peer who has already mastered that particular skill or knowledge.
A) Observational learning
B) Teaching
C) Scaffolding
D) Guidance
Q4) Most of the world's population appears to be right-handed.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Early
Childhood: Two to Six Years
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tommy describes himself by saying: "I am a boy with brown hair and freckles, and I can run fast." His self-description illustrates
A) self-absorption
B) the categorical self
C) accurate self esteem
D) inflated self-concept
Q2) These theorists emphasize the expectation that societies expect individuals to make gains in self-control as their biological maturation allows.
A) Behavioral theorists
B) Psychoanalysts
C) Social cognitive theorists
D) Humanists
Q3) Researchers who studied helping behavior among 7-year-old boys reported that genetics explained approximately_____ of observed differences.
A) 20%
B) 4%
C) 70%
D) 100%
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and
Late Childhood: Six to Eleven Years Old
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is a chronic illness in which the airways of the lung constrict, resulting in decreased air flow.
A) Bronchitis
B) Bronchial infection
C) Asthma
D) Bronchial swelling
Q2) According to information theorists, problem solving improves in four key areas.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The prefrontal cortex is responsible for:
A) complex thought.
B) planning.
C) problem solving.
D) all of the choices
Q4) Physical activity contributes to increased mineral content and bone density.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Children begin to think logically in the concrete operational stage.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Socioemotional Development in Middle and
Late Childhood: Six to Eleven Years
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An example of a self-conscious emotion that a 9-year-old might experience is: A) envy.
B) embarrassment.
C) pride.
D) all of the choices
Q2) The quality of adolescents' relationships with their siblings is influenced primarily by: A) parent-adolescent interactions.
B) sibling temperament.
C) both choices
D) neither choice
Q3) Children whose parents are disengaged in middle childhood are more likely to be more:
A) irresponsible.
B) immature.
C) less socially skilled.
D) all of the choices
Q4) Resilient children demonstrate positive development in the face of adversity. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adolescents benefit from learning that sexually transmitted infections are:
A) all treatable.
B) curable within a year.
C) preventable.
D) life-lasting.
Q2) One protective factor associated with a decreased likelihood of using illegal substances in adolescence is:
A) school engagement.
B) social relations with peers.
C) good communication with parents.
D) all of the choices
Q3) In adolescence, there is an increased likelihood of experiencing a bone break due to heightened levels of activity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The adolescent "growth spurt" involves an acceleration of gains in both height and weight.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Melinda's mother died of a drug overdose when Melinda was 11, and her father married a woman who was not maternal to neither Melinda nor her sister. Both teenagers are doing well in high school, have a good group of friends, and plan to go to college. It's very likely that Melinda's father has a(n) _______________ parenting style.
A) high warmth
B) high conflict
C) authoritarian
D) authoritative
Q2) Suicide may again become a concern in adolescence, although currently it is not a risk associated with adolescence.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The most significant change in the world of adolescents is the increase in freedom they experience.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Peer crowds have clear boundaries.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood
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139 Verified Questions
139 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rates of substance use in emerging adulthood have __________________ over the past decade.
A) decreased significantly
B) increased significantly
C) remained relatively steady
D) fluctuated significantly
Q2) Unintentional injury in emerging adulthood may be associated with an executive function deficit in action, manifesting as heightened:
A) impulsivity.
B) inattentiveness.
C) initiative.
D) indecisiveness.
Q3) In her work that led her to challenge Piagetian theory, Labouvie-Vief recognized that adults were reasoning from ________________ when they provided an incorrect answer on a Piagetian task.
A) emotion-focused memories
B) cognitively distorted memories
C) life experiences
D) abstract experiences
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Socioemotional Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Since the 1990s, social opinions concerning the right for same-sex couples to get married have become:
A) more accepting.
B) less accepting.
C) more conflicted.
D) less polarized.
Q2) In emerging adulthood, on average, ____________________ tend to increase.
A) extraversions and openness to experience
B) extraversion and conscientiousness
C) conscientiousness and agreeableness
D) agreeableness and neuroticism
Q3) In the general population, on average, mental health in emerging adulthood: A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) stays the same.
D) fluctuates.
Q4) Mental health is defined by the absence of problems.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What Jen found most difficult about her father "coming out" after 40 years of marriage to her mother is that none of her friends could relate to her experience, a reflection of the fact that "coming out":
A) in middle adulthood is rare.
B) in middle adulthood is a "guy thing."
C) in middle adulthood is unnecessary.
D) is a private experience.
Q2) Middle-aged adults who want to improve their diets should not only plan to eat healthy foods, but should also:
A) accept their genetic tendencies.
B) test for allergies to certain foods.
C) eliminate bad eating habits.
D) eat at the same times every day.
Q3) In middle adulthood, there remains opportunity to have a positive influence on one's own health by eating healthy and exercising.
A)True
B)False
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Socioemotional Development in Adult-Hood
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The majority of adults share the same marital status in middle adulthood.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Almost all middle-aged adults change jobs at least once.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The majority of individuals move from careers into _____________ jobs prior to retirement.
A) novice
B) work-from-home
C) tunnel
D) bridge
Q4) Gender differences on a number of characteristics remain in middle adulthood, for example:
A) women continue to show increased dominance in increase in verbal fluency.
B) men continue to show increased competence in visual-spatial ability.
C) neither a nor b
D) both a and b
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in the Later Years
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104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Increasingly common in older adulthood ____________________ cloud the lens of the eye, giving the pupil a cloudy look.
A) allergies
B) cataracts
C) contacts
D) glasses
Q2) Older adults become increasingly likely to suffer from _______________, which involves the wearing down of tissues around the skeletal joints.
A) osteoporosis
B) rheumatitis
C) carditis
D) osteoarthritis
Q3) In older adulthood, attention declines are also associated with changes in the way memories are stored and retrieved.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Over 50% of people in the hospital are over the age of 65.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in the Later Years
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Socioemotional selectivity theory provides a framework for interpreting the changes in older adults':
A) work relationships.
B) intimate relationships.
C) social relationships.
D) parent-adult child relationships.
Q2) Older people engage in life review as a way of organizing their life by major themes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When personality change does occur in later adulthood, it changes at the same rate in the same direction for everyone.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The social convoys of older adults are comprised of:
A) the new people they meet after middle adulthood.
B) people in their own age group.
C) a variety of relationships; some old, some new.
D) relationships they've had their entire lives.
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Chapter 17: Death, Dying, and Grieving
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73 Verified Questions
73 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the final moments of life, an individual reaches:
A) the final moments of lifespan human development.
B) the end of the self-development process.
C) conclusions about the life that was led.
D) all of the choicesse
Q2) Noncommunicable causes of death, such as ___________________, can't directly be passed from person to person.
A) heart disease
B) cancer
C) respiratory diseases
D) all of the choices
Q3) The term irreversible coma was introduced as a medical diagnosis referencing ________________ death.
A) brain
B) interim
C) primary
D) secondary
Q4) Grief is an intense emotional response to loss.
A)True
B)False
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