Introduction to Psychology Final Exam
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychology provides students with a comprehensive overview of the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The course examines major psychological theories, research methods, and key concepts across topics such as perception, learning, memory, development, emotion, personality, psychological disorders, and social behavior. Emphasis is placed on understanding how psychological principles apply to everyday life and contribute to individual and societal well-being. Through lectures, discussions, and practical activities, students gain foundational knowledge to pursue further studies in psychology and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Abnormal Psychology 16th Edition by James N. Butcher
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17 Chapters
2001 Verified Questions
2001 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Abnormal Psychology: an Overview
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121 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) 1-17.Which of the following statements is true concerning classification systems for mental disorders?
A)It is far more important that they be reliable than it is for them to be valid.
B)Classification systems make it more difficult to gather statistics on the incidence and prevalence of disorders.
C)Classification systems meet the needs of medical insurance companies who need diagnoses in order to authorize payment of claims.
D)Although they assist scientists who are researching disorders,they always inhibit our ability to communicate about abnormal behavior in a consistent way.
Answer: C
Q2) What are the benefits of classifying mental disorders?
Answer: Allows information to be organized,needed for research,most sciences do it,establishes the range of problems mental health professionals can address.
Q3) If the score on one variable is high and the score on another variable is low,this is known as a __________ correlation.
Answer: negative
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Chapter 2: Historical and Contemporary Views of Abnormal Behavior
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Q1) Who was Benjamin Rush?
Answer: Benjamin Rush is credited with encouraging the use of more humane treatment of the mentally ill in the United States.He was the first American to organize a course in psychiatry,and,although some of his practices may have been less than humane,he is recognized as a transitional figure between the poor treatment of the old era and the humane approaches of the new.
Q2) What was moral management?
Answer: Moral management was an approach to the care of the mentally ill that emerged in the early part of the period of humanitarian reform.It focused on addressing the patient's social,individual,and occupational needs.
Q3) 1-59.Dorothea Dix
A)urged that religious conversion was a primary means of treatment for the mentally disturbed.
B)was a major impediment to the mental hygiene movement in this country.
C)was a leading force in the emphasis on finding biological cures for mental disorders.
D)is credited with establishing numerous humane mental hospitals in many countries.
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Causal Factors and Viewpoints
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Q1) 1-40.When examining heredity,mental disorders are almost always
A)influenced by one particular gene.
B)influenced by multiple genes.
C)influenced by recessive genes.
D)not influenced by genes.
Answer: B
Q2) 1-23.Resilient children
A)show resilience in all domains.
B)may still experience emotional distress.
C)usually have survived chronic maltreatment.
D)are increasingly rare.
Answer: B
Q3) 1-68.John Bowlby's attachment theory emphasized
A)the social environment in forming attachments.
B)the quality of parental care in forming attachments.
C)the quality of early reinforcers and stimulation in forming attachments.
D)the necessity of independence from parental figures in forming attachments.
Answer: B
Q4) The site of chemical communication in the brain is the __________ .
Answer: synapse
5
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Chapter 4: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis
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Q1) 1-70.Which of the following is an assumption of a categorical approach to abnormal behavior?
A)Both normal and abnormal behavior lie on a continuum.
B)Each disorder has unique symptoms.
C)Disorders that share common symptoms have a common etiology.
D)All behavior is the product of numerous interacting influences.
Q2) 1-79.A clinician is in an assessment interview with a new client.The clinician is having trouble determining an exact diagnosis,but must put something down before the client can receive treatment.What is one reason for this?
A)The clinician has no more questions to ask.
B)The clinician has to become more decisive.
C)The clinician has to show the evaluation took place.
D)The clinician has to provide this information to the medical insurance agency.
Q3) 3-11.What is the difference between an unstructured and a structured diagnostic interview? Which is preferable?
Q4) What are the purposes of the initial clinical assessment of a person?
Q5) The projective test called the __________ is the inkblot test used in personality assessments.
Q6) 3-10.What are two problems with diagnostic labeling?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Stress and Physical and Mental Health
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Q1) 1-58.Which was not an effective treatment for stress-related disorders,according to your text?
A)psychoanalysis
B)emotional disclosure
C)meditation
D)biofeedback
Q2) 1-89.The psychotropic medications used in the treatment of PTSD
A)are used to alter the stressful situation.
B)act to minimize the cognitive response to the stressor.
C)provide the client with a temporary escape from the trauma.
D)treat the symptoms the client is experiencing.
Q3) 1-72."Combat exhaustion" is known as ________ today.
A)acute stress disorder
B)shell shock
C)PTSD
D)war neurosis
Q4) Describe two personality patterns associated with coronary heart disease.
Q5) What are two factors that can lessen the impact of a stressful situation?
Q6) What is the allostatic load?
Q7) How is the severity of stress measured?
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Chapter 6: Panic,anxiety,obsessions,and Their Disorders
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Q1) 1-36.The individual with generalized social phobia
A)has a specific phobia for all social situations.
B)exhibits a fear of most social situations.
C)typically has a fear of public speaking,using a public restroom,and restaurants.
D)is likely to receive a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder.
Q2) 1-21.When do phobias like claustrophobia and driving phobia begin?
A)Adolescence
B)Childhood
C)Middle adulthood
D)Late adulthood
Q3) 1-91.Dagmar is a musician and she loves the fact that she constantly hears new melodies in her head.In fact,she cannot remember a time when she did not hear music.Why is this NOT an example of an obsession?
A)Obsessions must be accompanied by ritualistic actions.
B)Obsessions must come on suddenly in response to a stressful life event.
C)Obsessions must be voluntary thoughts that a person knows are irrational.
D)Obsessions must be intrusive thoughts the person finds disturbing.
Q4) How do cognitions help maintain phobias?
Q5) Describe how a phobia could be learned through vicarious conditioning.
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Chapter 7: Mood Disorders and Suicide
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Q1) The hormone __________ has been found to be elevated in most patients hospitalized with major depressive disorder.
Q2) Describe the hopelessness theory of depression.
Q3) 1-88.The effectiveness of lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorder
A)supports the hypothesized role of serotonin in this disorder.
B)is inconsistent with the established effects of dopamine on mood states.
C)supports the role of dopamine in mania.
D)suggests that it is not neurotransmitter function that is disrupted in bipolar disorder,but neurotransmitter levels.
Q4) 1-35.Which of the following is most likely to be seen in children who are at risk for depression?
A)decreased left hemisphere activity
B)decreased right hemisphere activity
C)increased serotonin levels
D)increased GABA levels
Q5) What type of psychotic symptoms might be seen in someone suffering from major depression?
Q6) What changes in sleep are seen in depression?
Q7) What are independent and dependent life events? What is their importance?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders
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Q1) 1-71.Studies of the brains of individuals with DID
A)find no differences in brain activity associated with different identities.
B)support the assertion that DID is a real disorder.
C)do not indicate any explanation for interpersonal amnesia.
D)have provided no consistent findings.
Q2) 1-30.Which of the following disorders was once the most frequently diagnosed disorder among soldiers in World War I?
A)acute anxiety disorder
B)conversion disorder
C)dissociative identity disorder
D)hypochondriasis
Q3) What are some ways to distinguish between conversion disorder and a true physical problem?
Q4) All of the following are diagnosed as somatic symptom disorders EXCEPT
A)hypochondriasis
B)somatization disorder
C)pain disorder
D)fugue disorder
Q5) 3-11.What is the main goal of treatment for DID?
Q6) Discuss two of the causal factors of hypochondriasis.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Eating Disorders and Obesity
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Q1) 1-80.Which of the following is a medication currently approved by the FDA for use in the treatment of obesity?
A)amphetamine
B)phentermine
C)fenfluramine
D)sibutramine
Q2) 1-78.Comfort food
A)does nothing physiologically,any effects are due to expectation. B)may help reduce activation in the stress response system.
C)changes the hormonal balance of the body and makes people want to eat more. D)affects the brain in such a way as to make it unable to tell when the body is full.
Q3) Which of the following do those with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have in common?
A)fear of being or becoming fat
B)a sense of control
C)below normal weight
D)restricted eating
Q4) What most clearly separates the anorexic from the bulimic?
Q5) Why is dieting a risk factor for the development of eating disorders?
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Chapter 10: Personality Disorders
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Q1) 1-102.The presence of psychopathy
A)is the single best predictor of future violence and crime recidivism.
B)means that a person also has antisocial personality disorder.
C)means a person is less likely to be violent and to repeat crimes.
D)is the single best predictor that treatment will be successful.
Q2) 1-47.Some people always think that everyone is looking at them and talking about them,wishing to be like them.This self-focused view of the world would be expected in someone with ________ personality disorder.
A)borderline
B)histrionic
C)narcissistic
D)paranoid
Q3) Because they were regarded as being different from standard psychiatric syndromes,the personality disorders in DSM-IV were
A)not listed.
B)categorized as emotional disorders.
C)separated from mood disorders.
D)given what is called a "provisional" category.
Q4) What are examples of dangerous behavior seen in borderline personality disorder?
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Chapter 11: Substance-Related Disorders
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Q1) 1-89.Which statement about crack cocaine use is accurate?
A)Because crack cocaine is inexpensive,users do not have the life problems seen in other addicted populations.
B)Chronic users develop sexual dysfunctions and a disinterest in sex.
C)Fetal crack syndrome is as distinct and damaging as fetal alcohol syndrome.
D)Because crack cocaine is associated with passivity and depression,chronic users are less likely to die a violent death than other addicted populations.
Q2) 1-40.The "alcohol flush reaction"
A)is seen during alcohol withdrawal.
B)produces a spike in blood pressure and body temperature.
C)results from an inability to metabolize alcohol.
D)might explain the reduced rate of alcoholism seen among Native American peoples.
Q3) A processed derivative of cocaine is __________ .
Q4) 1-88."Crack" is a form of
A)amphetamine.
B)cocaine.
C)ecstasy.
D)methamphetamine.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Sexual Variants,abuse,and Dysfunctions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are some personality characteristics of rapists?
Q2) 1-13.Which of the following is a true statement about attitudes in the United States about masturbation?
A)Masturbation is a universally accepted way of satisfying sexual desire.
B)Masturbation is no longer viewed as a disordered behavior,but public discussion of it may be actively discouraged.
C)A discussion of masturbation is a recommended element of all sex education courses.
D)Masturbation is openly discussed in most community settings.
Q3) 1-58.Pedophilia frequently involves A)adolescents.
B)oral contact.
C)sadistic acts.
D)masochism.
Q4) How do incest offenders differ from extrafamilial offenders?
Q5) 1-83.Social-skills training is most likely to be used in the treatment of A)pedophiles.
B)rapists.
C)sadists.
D)exhibitionists.
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Chapter 13: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
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Q1) 1-50.Studies of the offspring of nonschizophrenic co-twins from discordant twin pairs suggest that
A)environmental factors play a more important role than genetic factors in the origin of schizophrenia.
B)genetic factors cause schizophrenia,while environmental factors are essentially unimportant.
C)a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may remain unexpressed in some individuals unless it is released by some unknown environmental factors.
D)the heritability of schizophrenia involves the transmission of a single dominant gene.
Q2) 1-29.Which of the following statements is correct about changes for the diagnosis of schizophrenia in the DSM-5?
A)Schizophrenia will not be included in the DSM-5
B)Subtypes of schizophrenia were removed but the diagnosis of schizophrenia will remain
C)Only the paranoid subtype remains
D)Only the catatonic subtype remains
Q3) The most important neurotransmitter implicated in schizophrenia is __________ .
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Chapter 14: Neurocognitive Disorders
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Q1) 1-27.Delirium has a ________ onset and dementia has a ________ onset.
A)rapid; gradual
B)extensive brain damage; localized brain damage
C)slow recovery; rapid recovery
D)interference with complex processing; interference with simple processing
Q2) 1-68.Procedural memory often is intact in patients with amnestic disorder.This means
A)they will eventually recover their short-term memory.
B)they will eventually recover their memory for the most important personal events in their lives,but will still have problems with short-term memory.
C)they can still learn routines and skills and may be able to be taught tasks that will enable them to work.
D)the memory pathways in the brain are still intact,so patients can be retaught how to remember things.
Q3) 1-24.The most common cause of delirium is
A)disease.
B)drugs.
C)electrolytic imbalance.
D)stroke.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence
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Q1) 1-82.Despite what is shown in movies like Rain Man,most autistic children would not cope well being brought to a Las Vegas casino for the first time,because
A)they are afraid of large groups of people.
B)they would want to touch things they weren't allowed to touch.
C)they would be so excited by all the sights and sounds they would become over-agitated.
D)they often show aversion to auditory stimulation and prefer a limited and solitary routine.
Q2) 1-93.A learning disability usually is identified
A)because teachers and school administrators are on the watch for the signs.
B)because a child shows a disparity between his or her actual academic achievement and expected academic achievement.
C)because a child begins to show significant emotional problems,fails,and begins to hate school.
D)because the child has been doing very well in school for several years and then suddenly starts failing.
Q3) Discuss the relationship between oppositional defiant disorder,conduct disorder,juvenile delinquency,and antisocial personality disorder.
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Chapter 16: Therapy
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Q1) Which of the following best illustrates the analysis of resistance?
A)Noting that the client is able to talk freely about his mother but not report anything about his father
B)Asking the client to say whatever comes into his/her head,regardless of how silly it sounds
C)Explaining that a dream about riding a wild horse in a tunnel suggests strong sexual urges
D)Reminding a client who has become insulting toward a female therapist that she is,after all,a helping professional and not the client's abusive mother
Q2) What are the key elements of the therapeutic alliance?
Q3) In the mid-1900s,prefrontal lobotomies were popular as a treatment because A)there were not many other available treatments.
B)they worked so well.
C)they worked faster than any other treatment.
D)they worked for so many disorders.
Q4) Discuss three different ways that the success of therapy can be assessed.What factors complicate the determination of whether treatment is successful?
Q5) What are the main objectives of client-centered therapy?
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Chapter 17: Contemporary and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology
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Q1) The ruling that came to be known as "duty to warn" was also called the __________ decision.
Q2) In order to prevent long-term consequences,________ interventions are provided immediately after a disaster such as a plane crash.
A)universal
B)indicated
C)education
D)selective
Q3) What is one of the best predictors of future violence?
A)Compliance with treatment
B)Past history of violence
C)Family support
D)Employment history
Q4) "Efforts that are aimed at influencing the general population" best describes
A)crisis interventions.
B)universal interventions.
C)selective interventions.
D)indicated interventions.
Page 19
Q5) Discuss three of the six specific mental health risk factors in work situations.
Q6) What have been some of the negative effects of deinstitutionalization?
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Page 20