Introduction to Psychology Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychology is an overview course that explores the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. Students will examine key concepts such as perception, learning, memory, emotion, motivation, development, personality, and psychological disorders. The course introduces foundational theories, research methods, and practical applications within psychology, as well as the biological, cognitive, and social bases of behavior. Through lectures, discussions, and case studies, students gain insights into how psychological principles can be applied to everyday life, paving the way for further study in specialized areas of psychology.
Recommended Textbook Life Span Human Development 9th Edition by
Carol K. Sigelman
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Understanding Life-Span Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) A psychologist measures the IQs of 20 students who ingested a "smart pill" and 20 students who ingested a "sugar pill" in order to determine if the pill had an effect on intelligence.To ensure peak performance,she tests all of the students on Wednesdays.In this experiment,the independent variable is the
A)day of the week.
B)pill type.
C)IQ score.
D)sex of the researcher.
Answer: B
Q2) The main limitation of the case study method is that
A)results may not generalize to others.
B)inferential statistics must be used in its analysis.
C)it is "too artificial" as it is typically conducted in the laboratory.
D)it does not provide any detail about an individual's behavior.
Answer: A
Q3) A theory is a specific prediction generated by a hypothesis.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Theories of Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rather than a sense of inferiority,eight-year-old Zeke has developed a sense of mastery in all his academic endeavors.Erikson would say that Zeke has a strong sense of A)generativity.
B)integrity.
C)autonomy
D)industry.
Answer: D
Q2) Lindsey argues that she is not responsible for any of her bad behavior as she is driven by biological and environmental factors over which she has no control.This belief best exemplifies the _____ position on development.
A)discontinuity
B)continuity
C)passivity
D)activity
Answer: C
Q3) Erikson suggested that humans develop over a series of psychosexual stages. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Genes,Environment,and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) While Selena and Marisol are sisters and look somewhat alike,they have only about 50 percent of their genes in common.This would mean that the girls are most likely
A)monozygotic twins.
B)conjoined twins.
C)dizygotic twins.
D)autosomal twins.
Answer: C
Q2) A gene
A)is made of hormones and neurotransmitters.
B)can also be referred to as an ovum.
C)when combined with a second gene will produce a chromosome.
D)provides instructions for the production of proteins.
Answer: D
Q3) Species heredity is very important to our understanding of individual differences in human growth and development.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Prenatal Development and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who is within the optimal age for childbearing?
A)Chantal,who is 18
B)Holly,who is 26
C)Rosa,who is 35
D)Erica,who is 45
Q2) Why would children born to women living in a refugee camp be at high-risk for long-term negative impacts?
A)The camps are likely filled with toxins.
B)The fathers are likely uninvolved.
C)The days are consistently stressful.
D)The women drink alcohol to cope.
Q3) Baker was born 34 weeks after conception and weighed eight pounds at birth.If born in the United States,Baker would best be classified as
A)both low birth weight and premature.
B)low birth weight,but not premature.
C)premature,but not low birth weight.
D)neither low birth weight nor premature.
Q4) Describe any five prenatal teratogens and their impact of the developing embryo and fetus.
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Chapter 5: Body, Brain, and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Myelin is important to the nervous system because it A)transmits neural impulses from the brain to the body. B)directs the release of hormones from the endocrine glands. C)increases the transmission speed of neural impulses.
D)is where memories are stored.
Q2) What sociohistorical trends have contributed to the significant rise in childhood obesity over the past 20 years? Justify your thinking with examples.
Q3) Explain how human health is multidimensional and marked by both gains and losses.Provide examples to illustrate the principles and your reasoning.
Q4) Differences between throwing and kicking abilities of male and female children are best explained as being the result of differences in A)size.
B)hormones.
C)practice.
D)genetics.
Q5) Describe how free radicals are created and the effect they can have on the body.Describe a method to combat free radicals and how it works.
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Chapter 6: Sensation, Perception, and Action
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Sample Questions
Q1) A child can nod its head before it can snap its fingers due to the influence of
A)genetics
B)cortisol
C)androgens
D)myelin
Q2) A native of Cambodia would likely respond to the scent of fermented fish sauce with a smile and a feeling of hunger,whereas a native of Ireland would likely have a feeling of revulsion toward the same aroma.The difference in their responses is due to which of the following?
A)biology
B)genetics
C)interpretation
D)affordance
Q3) Describe three visual,auditory,or somaesthetic situations that present no problems for young adults but would be difficult for older adults.Describe why each situation is challenging for them,and suggest possible accommodations that could limit the situations' impacts on older adults.
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8
Chapter 7: Cognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Fischer,_____ change and develop.
A)cognitions
B)thought processes
C)representations
D)skills
Q2) The key characteristic of a primary circular reaction is that they are
A)repeated actions related to one's own body that originally happened by chance.
B)a one-time event related to one's own body that originally happened by chance.
C)repeated actions related to one's own body that originally happened by choice.
D)a one-time event related to one's own body that originally happened by choice.
Q3) Jenny watches her mom pull two cookies out of the pantry.Her mom places one whole cookie on a plate and then breaks up the other into three pieces and places it on another plate.Asked to choose between the two cookies of equal size,one whole,and one broken,Jenny takes the broken cookie,saying that three cookies are better than one.Piaget would say that Jenny lacks
A)centration.
B)object permanence.
C)seriation.
D)conservation.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Memory and Information Processing
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Sample Questions
Q1) While attempting to find his lost toy bear,10-month-old Teddy pulls away a couch cushion and finds the bear he watched his mother hide there 10 minutes earlier.This best demonstrates the use of _____ memory.
A)recognition
B)recall
C)implicit
D)sensory register
Q2) Which statement would best represent a failure of retrieval?
A)I never actually learned that information.
B)I don't know the answer because I never read the textbook.
C)I know the answer,but I just cannot find it in my mind.
D)I would know the answer,but the teacher spoke and I couldn't keep up.
Q3) In the information-processing model,the purpose of the sensory register is to A)briefly hold a piece of information for possible processing.
B)control the activities of long-term memory.
C)retrieve data from short-term memory.
D)develop strategies for storing encoded data.
Q4) Working memory is an active form of short-term memory.
A)True
B)False
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and Creativity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Leo recently retired from working as a mail carrier for forty years,and then unfortunately his wife passed away.What will be most helpful in protecting Leo from experiencing a marked decrease in intelligence over the next few years?
A)going for long walks outdoors
B)doing word and number puzzles
C)reading news articles online
D)joining a senior activity group
Q2) Ideational fluency refers to one's ability to
A)pick the most appropriate idea to solve a problem.
B)quickly recall synonyms when given a word.
C)solve a problem quickly and accurately.
D)generate many interesting,novel options.
Q3) According to Sternberg,an individual high in successful intelligence is strong in practical,creative,and analytical areas.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Convergent thinking involves finding the one "best answer" to a problem.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Language and Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following could be considered the most flexible and sophisticated in older adults' use of language?
A)semantics
B)prosody
C)expansion
D)pragmatics
Q2) Which family characteristic is NOT associated with lower achievement?
A)Growing up in a single-parent family
B)Being a member of a minority group
C)Having an uneducated mother
D)Having a parent who uses consistent discipline
Q3) The semantic rules for forming sentences are referred to as A)phonology.
B)prosody.
C)syntax.
D)pragmatics.
Q4) Chomsky proposed that humans are born with a common set of rules and properties for learning any language in the world.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Self and Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Forty-year-old Zelda is proud of the tutoring she is doing at school with kids who have learning problems and feels that she is doing something positive for future generations.It is most likely that Zelda is in Erikson's stage of
A)integrity versus despair.
B)identity versus role confusion.
C)intimacy versus isolation.
D)generativity versus stagnation.
Q2) A toddler who can recognize himself in a mirror likely has the ability to recognize and respond to the emotions of other children at the playground.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which is true regarding personality during adulthood?
A)There is little stability of personality traits between young and old adulthood.
B)Broad personality dimensions,such as extroversion and neuroticism,are fairly stable across adulthood.
C)An introverted young adult will most likely become an extraverted older adult.
D)Personality traits cannot be measured in older adults.
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Chapter 12: Gender Roles and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Each society generally has a set of expectations regarding the behaviors and traits that are considered appropriate for males as compared to females.These sets of expectations are
A)gender roles.
B)gender-role stereotypes.
C)gender types.
D)gender identities.
Q2) How would you demonstrate androgyny?
A)Be both assertive and compassionate.
B)Be both compassionate and understanding.
C)Be both understanding and affectionate.
D)Be both affectionate and compassionate.
Q3) Compare and contrast the concepts of gender constancy,gender stability,and gender consistency.Be sure to identify a life period when each occurs,and give examples to support your thinking.
Q4) Males are more developmentally vulnerable to prenatal stressors.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Social Cognition and Moral Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following will be the most effective indicator that a person will behave ethically at work?
A)having weak power assertion
B)having a strong moral identity
C)being at Kohlberg's Stage 3
D)being at Kohlberg's Stage 4
Q2) Ned tells his son Jacob,"For hitting your brother,you need to be disciplined,so get ready for a spanking." Ned's parenting approach to moral development best matches with the parenting style referred to as
A)power assertion.
B)induction.
C)love withdrawal.
D)empathy.
Q3) What are the fundamental differences between the preconventional,conventional,and postconventional levels of moral reasoning? Provide examples to support your thinking.
Q4) Children between 6 and 10 years of age tend to view rules as unalterable.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Emotions, Attachment, and Social Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Companionate love is best characterized by
A)high levels of intimacy,commitment,and passion.
B)high levels of intimacy and commitment,but low levels of passion.
C)high levels of commitment and passion,but low levels of intimacy.
D)high levels of passion,but low levels of intimacy and passion.
Q2) Which of the following is a key factor in the decrease of social relationships for middle-aged adults?
A)stigma
B)infirmity
C)selectivity
D)parenting
Q3) What is the highest level of peer interaction that infants can attain by age 2?
A)reciprocal exchange
B)friendship
C)turn-taking
D)chumship
Q4) Describe children's social networks and how they change over time.Give examples of each type of network to support your thinking.Finally,explain the concept of "selection versus socialization" for adolescents.
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Chapter 15: The Family
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Sample Questions
Q1) The authoritarian parenting approach is characterized by _____ acceptance-responsiveness and _____ demandingness-control.
A)high;high
B)high;low
C)low;high
D)low;low
Q2) Children who attended schools where corporal punishment was practiced,and then inflict physical abuse on their own children as adults,demonstrate the role of ________ in child abuse.
A)role reversal
B)spillover effects
C)intergenerational transmission
D)environmental influence
Q3) Duvall's family life cycle perspective could be described as all of the following EXCEPT:
A)traditional
B)adaptive
C)outdated
D)narrow
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The final step in the cascade model of substance abuse involves
A)having a parent who abuses drugs.
B)being in a peer group that reinforces drug use.
C)peer rejection at school.
D)frustrated parents giving up on a deviant child.
Q2) A defining feature of anorexia nervosa is a binge-purge syndrome pattern.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is a key neural factor in ADHD?
A)synaptic pruning
B)impulse control
C)sensory adaptation
D)serotonin uptake
Q4) Which of the following best reflects the philosophy behind Eric Stice's Body Project?
A)Your mirror is telling lies.
B)Beat back cultural messages.
C)Just be who you are inside.
D)I know what's best for me.
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18
Chapter 17: The Final Challenge: Death and Dying
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following will a young child likely do as part of the grieving process for losing a parent?
A)helping at home
B)talking with pals
C)breaking toys
D)writing stories
Q2) Preschool-aged children who are dying are most likely to
A)stop engaging in normal activities with their peers.
B)engage in violent pretend play out of frustration.
C)talk a great deal about their feelings regarding death.
D)give away their belongings.
Q3) In the United States,the average life expectancy is currently about _____ years.
A)72
B)79
C)84
D)86
Q4) The most common adjustment reaction to death of a spouse involves a resilient pattern.
A)True
B)False
Page 19
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