Introduction to Psychology Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychology offers a comprehensive overview of the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. This course explores key psychological concepts, theories, and methodologies, examining topics such as perception, learning, memory, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social interaction. Students will gain insight into the biological foundations of behavior, the influence of environment and culture, and the application of psychological principles to everyday life. Through lectures, discussions, and practical examples, the course aims to develop critical thinking skills and provide a foundational understanding of how psychologists investigate and explain human thought and behavior.
Recommended Textbook
An Introduction to the History of Psychology 6th Edition by B. R. Hergenhahn
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
21 Chapters
1689 Verified Questions
1689 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2992 Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
81 Verified Questions
81 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/59469
Sample Questions
Q1) What we experience mentally is called subjective or phenomenal reality.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) According to the author of your text,which of the following would not be part of the response to the question,"Is psychology a science?"
A)some aspects of psychology are scientific
B)some aspects of psychology are not yet scientific but someday they may be
C)some aspects of psychology will probably never be scientific
D)all of these choices are appropriate answers
Answer: D
Q3) The view that cognitive events that emerge from brain activity can cause behavior is representative of:
A)materialism
B)interactionism
C)epiphenomenalism
D)free will
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
3
Chapter 2: The Early Greek Philosophers
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/59458
Sample Questions
Q1) Because Aristotle assumed that everything in nature exists for a purpose,his theory is labeled:
A)religious
B)empirical
C)teleological
D)nativistic
Answer: C
Q2) According to Plato,whether one is a philosopher-king,a soldier,or a slave,is largely determined by:
A)personal effort
B)educational experience
C)the social influence of one's parents
D)biological inheritance
Answer: D
Q3) According to Aristotle,the unmoved mover:
A)was God
B)was nature
C)set nature in motion and did little else
D)is the same thing as the form of good
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: After Aristotle: A Search for the Good Life
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/59455
Sample Questions
Q1) For the ____,courage in the face of danger was considered the highest virtue.
A)Neoplatonist
B)Epicurean
C)Stoic
D)Cynic
Answer: C
Q2) The person who discovered that the retina,not the lens,is the light sensitive part of the eye and that inoculation might prevent disease was:
A)Avicenna
B)Averroës
C)Maimonides
D)St.Anselm
Answer: B
Q3) According to Aquinas:
A)only humans possessed rational souls
B)both human and nonhuman animals possessed rational souls
C)salvation was available to both human and nonhuman animals
D)Aristotle's philosophy was a sacred as the Bible
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 5
Chapter 4: The Beginnings of Modern Science and Philosophy
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/59454
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Erasmus,among those listed below,who was least likely to speak the truth?
A)fools
B)children
C)drunkards
D)philosophers
Q2) Descartes had an intellectual crisis when:
A)he failed his first university course
B)he could not embrace God through introspection
C)it occurred to him that everything he had ever learned was useless
D)he observed that mechanical statues could perform a complex series of movements
Q3) Because of his ideas Giordano Bruno was:
A)given a position of influence within the church hierarchy
B)burned at the stake
C)given mild reprimands by church officials
D)encouraged to convert from Catholicism to Protestantism
Q4) Skinner and his followers adopted Bacon's positivistic view of science.
A)True
B)False
6
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Empiricism,Sensationalism,and Positivism
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/59453
Sample Questions
Q1) La Mettrie believed all of the following except:
A)humans were qualitatively different from nonhuman animals
B)as brain size increases so did level of intelligence
C)if primates could be taught language they would be like humans in almost all respects
D)the smaller the brain the fiercer the animal
Q2) Of Locke's beliefs concerning the mind,which one is not true?
A)the mind neither creates nor destroys ideas
B)the mind can arrange existing ideas in an almost infinite number of configurations
C)the mind clarifies innate ideas
D)the mind combines simple ideas into complex ideas
Q3) It was the metaphor of humans as ____ that especially appealed to the French sensationalists.
A)statues
B)machines
C)animals
D)free-agents
Q4) Discuss and evaluate Hume's analysis of causation.
Q5) Discuss Comte's positivism and his religion of humanity.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Rationalism
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/59452
Sample Questions
Q1) Herbart used this term to describe the force used to hold ideas incompatible with the apperceptive mass in the unconscious.
A)limen
B)apperceptive mass
C)repression
D)psychic mechanics
Q2) Thomas Reid proposed a commonsense philosophy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe and analyze Leibniz's monadology.
Q4) Leibniz referred to the point at which an experience becomes strong enough to cause awareness as the:
A)limen
B)preconscious
C)petites perceptions
D)modular level
Q5) Empiricists and rationalists agreed on the concept of the active mind.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss Spinoza's views on passions and emotions.
Page 8
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 7: Romanticism and Existentialism
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/59451
Sample Questions
Q1) Schopenhauer proposed that the amount of suffering is related to awareness of the organism;the lower the organism,the greater the suffering.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Kierkegaard:
A)God was dead
B)for most people a genuine,personal relationship with God did not exist
C)more emphasis needed to be placed on logic and rationality
D)it was correct that the government of Denmark elevated the clergy to the status of civil servants
Q3) According to Rousseau,for a government to be effective it must be based on:
A)an absolute monarchy
B)the private will
C)the general will
D)unanimous agreement among members of the community
Q4) For Rousseau,the best guide for human conduct was (were):
A)a person's honest feelings and inclinations
B)religious principles
C)the categorical imperative
D)rationally derived moral principles
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 8: Early Developments in Physiology and the Rise of Experimental Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/59450
Sample Questions
Q1) Weber called the smallest difference that could be detected between two stimuli the:
A)two-point threshold
B)just noticeable difference
C)limen
D)psychophysical threshold
Q2) Weber's work indicated that the JND is a variable measure based on many factors.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe and discuss phrenology,its claims,and why it gained popularity.
Q4) Helmholtz found that when individuals who had been blind since birth acquired sight they:
A)needed to learn to perceive
B)immediately perceived normally
C)could perceive normally only while wearing distorted lenses
D)could never perceive normally
Q5) Müller and Helmholtz agreed on the concept of vitalism.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss Müller's doctrine of specific nerve energies and its implications.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: Voluntarism,Structuralism,and Other Early Approaches to Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/59449
Sample Questions
Q1) Wundt began the first journal devoted to experimental psychology originally called:
A)Psychological Studies
B)Philosophical Studies
C)Philological Studies
D)Journal of Experimental Psychology
Q2) Külpe's technique of ____ involved giving subjects problems to solve and then asking them to report the mental operations they engaged in to solve them.
A)subtractive reaction time
B)intentionality
C)systematic experimental introspection
D)pure phenomenology
Q3) Wundt believed that feelings were:
A)related to survival
B)remnants of an earlier evolutionary period and were nonfunctional in modern society
C)various combinations of three attributes
D)unitary experiences that could not be reduced to anything more basic
Q4) Briefly discuss some of the results of Ebbinghaus's work on memory.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: The Darwinian Influence
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
81 Verified Questions
81 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/59468
Sample Questions
Q1) ____ are conducive to survival in a given environment,whatever they may be.
A)The fittest
B)Naturally selected genes
C)Adaptive features
D)Struggles to survive
Q2) Yerkes believed that for intelligence tests to be effective in the armed forces all of the following would need to be true except:
A)they would need to be administrated to groups instead of individuals
B)they would need to measure native intelligence
C)they would need to be easy to administer and score
D)they would need to be administered to one individual at a time
Q3) Herrnstein and Murray predict that in the United States in the future:
A)the best jobs and highest income will go to the least intelligent individuals
B)there will be an economic class structure based on inherited intelligence
C)IQ tests will become obsolete
D)nurture (experience)will be understood as a greater contributor to intelligence than nature (inheritance)
Q4) Describe/discuss Darwin's theory of evolution including all the important relevant concepts.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: Functionalism
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
81 Verified Questions
81 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/59467
Sample Questions
Q1) Briefly discuss the work of the functionalists,Dewey,Angell,and Carr,at the University of Chicago.
Q2) James' advice concerning emotional experience was:
A)in order to avoid frustration keep your goals reasonable
B)act the way you want to feel
C)use free will to inhibit such experience
D)give emotional experience full and uninhibited expression
Q3) Thorndike's ____ stated that reinforcement strengthened behavior,whereas punishment weakened it.
A)original law of exercise
B)revised law of exercise
C)original law of effect
D)revised law of effect
Q4) Describe the experience and work of Francis Sumner (a student of Hall)and Kenneth Clark (a student of Sumner).
Q5) The major problem with Romanes' research with animals was that he anthropomorphized in his descriptions of behavior.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 13
Chapter 12: Behaviorism
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/59466
Sample Questions
Q1) Watson's first major accomplishment at the University of Chicago was to:
A)become an expert on the white rat
B)coin the term "tropism"
C)create an interest in psychology there
D)demonstrate the value of studying animal consciousness
Q2) Pavlov believed that his research showed that extinction does not eliminate a response but inhibits its occurrence.This is demonstrated by:
A)spontaneous recovery of the response.
B)the process of disinhibition
C)experimental neurosis
D)both spontaneous recovery of the response and the process of disinhibition
Q3) Sechenov sought to explain all psychic phenomena by associationism and materialism.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the basic tenets of behavioral psychology as delineated by Watson and what he saw as the goal of psychology.
Q5) Discuss Sechenov's use of inhibition as the controlling concept in explaining both animal and human behavior.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: Neobehaviorism
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/59465
Sample Questions
Q1) In his hypothetic-deductive theory,Hull had:
A)general statements called postulates
B)theorems,derived from the postulates
C)testable propositions derived from theorems
D)all of these choices
Q2) ____ resulted when behaviorism and logical positivism combined.
A)Positivism
B)Neobehaviorism
C)Physicalism
D)Radical environmentalism
Q3) For Tolman,____ was the same as ____.
A)molar behavior;learned behavior
B)molecular behavior;purposive behavior
C)molar behavior;purposive behavior
D)purposive behavior;reinforced behavior
Q4) According to Guthrie,practice improves the performance of a skill because it:
A)allows many specific S-R associations to be formed
B)allows insight to be gained
C)allows a cognitive map to be formed
D)strengthens the responses that lead to drive reduction
Page 15
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 14: Gesalt Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/59464
Sample Questions
Q1) The Gestaltists were opposed to any type of:
A)mentalism
B)elementism
C)introspection
D)analysis
Q2) According to Köhler,patterns of brain activity and patterns of conscious experience are always structurally equivalent.This described the Gestalt concept of:
A)the law of Prägnanz
B)the constancy principle
C)unconscious inference
D)psychophysical isomorphism
Q3) According to the Gestaltists,sensory information was transformed by ____ before it was experienced consciously.
A)fields of electrochemical activity in the brain
B)the categories of thought
C)the mind
D)the apperceptive mass
Q4) Describe the law of Prägnanz and how it was explained by the Gestaltists.
Q5) Describe and discuss productive thinking and its application.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 15: Early Diagnosis, Explanation, and Treatment of Mental Illness
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/59463
Sample Questions
Q1) As a treatment for the mentally ill,Pinel approved of ____ and argued effectively against the use of ____.
A)bloodletting;the use of punishment and exorcism
B)mild punishment;physical abuse
C)whirling in a chair;harsh punishment
D)bathing and mild purgatives;the use of punishment and exorcism
Q2) The York Retreat was founded by ____;it provided freedom,respect,and medical treatment for the mentally ill and became a model for mental health institutions throughout the world.
A)Dix
B)Pinel
C)Tuke
D)Chiarugi
Q3) What type of magic was based on the principle of contiguity?
A)black
B)homeopathic
C)contagious
D)white
Q4) Discuss the common themes that run through all forms of psychotherapy as presented in the text.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 16: Psychoanalysis
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/59462
Sample Questions
Q1) Early in his theorizing,Freud differentiated among three levels of consciousness,which of the following is not one of the three levels?
A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)subconscious
D)unconscious
Q2) According to Freud,both hysterical symptoms and dreams could be:
A)viewed as symbolic manifestations of repressed traumatic thoughts
B)discarded during the therapeutic process
C)taken at face value without needing to know what they symbolized
D)analyzed quite simply even by individuals with minimal professional training
Q3) ____ is the fundamental ego defense mechanism because it is involved in all is the other defense mechanisms.
A)Sublimation
B)Projection
C)Identification
D)Repression
Q4) Discuss ego defense mechanisms.Choose three of the defense mechanisms and describe each.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 18
Chapter 17: Early Alternatives to Psychoanalysis
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/59461
Sample Questions
Q1) Anna Freud added altruistic surrender and identification with the aggressor to the traditional list of defense mechanisms,
A)True
B)False
Q2) In contrast to Freud's theory,Adler's theory:
A)emphasized the conscious mind
B)emphasized social motives,not sexual motives
C)contained psychic determinism
D)both emphasized the conscious mind and emphasized social motives,not sexual motives
Q3) Describe/discuss the concepts persona,shadow,animus,and anima.How does each affect human behavior?
Q4) Describe and discus Adler's ideas of feelings of inferiority,worldviews,guiding fictions,lifestyles,and the creative self.
Q5) Adler called any lifestyle without adequate social interest a
A)socially interested lifestyle
B)mistaken lifestyle
C)creative lifestyle
D)inferior lifestyle
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 19
Chapter 18: Humanistic Third-Forcepsychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/59460
Sample Questions
Q1) Rogers found that if therapy is effective:
A)the real and ideal selves become increasingly dissimilar
B)the real and ideal selves become increasingly similar
C)the ideal self is recognized as an unrealistic dream
D)the client comes to realize that there is no difference between his or her real and ideal selves
Q2) The concept of self-actualization goes back only as far as Kant.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In general,phenomenology refers to any methodology that studies:
A)conscious experience
B)conscious experience as it occurs without attempting to reduce it to its component parts
C)afterimages and illusions
D)the essence of conscious experience
Q4) Which of the following is not a characteristic of a self-actualizing person?
A)They perceive reality accurately and fully.
B)They have a need for privacy.
C)They have many friends and acquaintances.
D)They are creative.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 20
Chapter 19: Psychobiology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/59459
Sample Questions
Q1) Hebb speculated that our environmental experiences cause a complex package of neurons to fire;he called this complex package of neurons a neuronal circuit.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A phase sequence:
A)is a group of cell assemblies which became neurologically interrelated
B)can be fired by internal or external stimulation or by a combination of the two C)amounts to a stream of thought
D)all of these choices
Q3) The idea of mass action:
A)states that the amount of loss of ability is related to the amount of cortex
B)destroyed rather than the location of the destruction in the cortex
C)was true only for the ablation of cortical tissue following complex learning
D)states that the amount of loss of ability is related to the amount of cortex and was true only for the ablation of cortical tissue following complex learning
Q4) Discuss the research presented in the text regarding the heritability of intelligence and personality.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 21
Chapter 20: Cognitive Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/59457
Sample Questions
Q1) Developments in cybernetics,information theory,and computer technology combined to form the field of artificial intelligence.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Searle,computers and computer programs contain and use syntax,but they do not and cannot employ semantics.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How are Bandura's social cognitive theory and Tolman's learning theory similar?
A)both use mentalistic concepts to explain behavior
B)neither require the concept of reinforcement to explain learning
C)both make a distinction between learning and performance
D)all of these choices are similarities in the two theories
Q4) NETtalk exemplifies the type of neural network that utilizes:
A)Hebb's rule
B)back-propagation
C)good old-fashioned artificial intelligence (GOFAI)
D)the sequential processing of information
Q5) Describe neural network models and how they work.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 22
Chapter 21: Contemporary Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/59456
Sample Questions
Q1) Titchener,in reaction to those in the APA with applied interests,formed a group called the structuralists.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Wittgenstein:
A)language reflects reality
B)communities cannot determine the meaning of its own language;it is in reality
C)we must oppose the relativity of the postmodernists
D)many of the disputes among philosophers and psychologists could be avoided or resolved if we realize that philosophical and psychological paradigms have their own language games
Q3) For Wundt:
A)psychology's purpose was to explain the human mind in general
B)the study of individual differences was important
C)application was not part of psychology's purposes
D)psychology's purpose was to explain the human mind in general and application was not part of psychology's purposes
Q4) Briefly describe the discussion in the text regarding psychology's two cultures.
Q5) Discuss the tension between pure scientific psychology and applied psychology.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 23