Introduction to Psychology Exam Practice Tests
Course
Introduction
Introduction to Psychology offers a comprehensive overview of the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. The course introduces foundational topics such as biological bases of behavior, sensation and perception, learning, memory, development, motivation, emotion, personality, psychological disorders, and social psychology. Students explore major psychological theories, research methods, and the application of psychological principles to everyday life, gaining a broad understanding of how individuals think, feel, and act within diverse contexts.
Recommended Textbook
An Introduction to Brain and Behavior 5th Edition by Bryan Kolb
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2
Chapter 1:What Are the Origins of Brain and Behavior? Part
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define common ancestor and how this applies to Darwin's theory of evolution.
Answer: A common ancestor refers to a hypothetical organism from which two or more different species are believed to have evolved. In the context of Darwin's theory of evolution, the concept of a common ancestor is central to the idea that all living organisms are related and share a common ancestry. Darwin proposed that over long periods of time, species have evolved from common ancestors through a process of descent with modification, driven by natural selection. This means that different species share common traits and characteristics because they inherited them from a common ancestor, and as they adapted to different environments, they evolved into distinct species. The concept of a common ancestor provides a framework for understanding the interconnectedness of all life on Earth and the diversity of species that have emerged through the process of evolution.
Q2) What are memes and how do they influence our evolution?
Answer: no answer
Q3) What is epigenetics and why is it an important topic to study?
Answer: no answer
Q4) What is materialism and how has it influenced the study of neuroscience?
Answer: no answer
Page 3
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Chapter 1:What Are the Origins of Brain and Behavior? Part
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Q1) The notion that the mind resides in the pineal body comes from:
A) Charles Darwin.
B) René Descartes.
C) Aristotle.
D) Socrates.
Answer: B
Q2) Reading and writing were invented approximately:
A) 25,000 years ago.
B) 7000 years ago.
C) 12,000 years ago.
D) 3000 years ago.
Answer: B
Q3) The first artistic relics were made by modern humans approximately:
A) 100,000 years ago.
B) 55,000 years ago.
C) 30,000 years ago.
D) 10,000 years ago.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2:What Is the Nervous System's Functional
Anatomy? Part A
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Q1) Differentiate between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Answer: The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are two branches of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate.
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response. When activated, it increases heart rate, dilates the airways, and redirects blood flow to the muscles, preparing the body for physical activity. This response is triggered in times of stress or danger.
On the other hand, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "rest and digest" response. When activated, it slows down heart rate, constricts the airways, and stimulates digestion. This response helps the body to relax and recover after a stressful situation.
In summary, the sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for action and stress, while the parasympathetic nervous system promotes relaxation and recovery. These two systems work in balance to maintain homeostasis in the body.
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Page 5
Chapter 2:What Is the Nervous System's Functional
Anatomy? Part C
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Q1) Which of the following is part of the tegmentum?
A) the tectum
B) the substantia nigra
C) the inferior colliculus
D) the superior colliculus
Q2) The frontal lobes are responsible for controlling:
A) decision making.
B) hearing,language,and music.
C) vision.
D) sensory processing and directing movements toward objects.
Q3) Increases in heart rate and inhibition of digestion are controlled by the:
A) sympathetic nervous system.
B) parasympathetic nervous system.
C) spinal nervous system.
D) cranial nervous system.
Q4) The prosencephalon is sometimes referred to as:
A) the hindbrain.
B) the middle brain.
C) the auxiliary brain.
D) the front brain.
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Chapter 3:What Are the Nervous System's Functional Units?
Part A
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Q1) What are the major functions of astroglia?
Q2) What are the three types of brain tumors? How do they differ from one another?
Q3) List the internal components of a cell.
Q4) What functions do proteins contribute to cell function?
Q5) What are the five types of glial cells,and what are their primary functions?
Q6) What is selective breeding,and how can it be used to select for specific traits? Give an example.
Q7) What is Huntington disease,and what are its genetic determinants?
Q8) What are the major functions of ependymal cells?
Q9) What role do Golgi bodies play inside of neurons?
Q10) What are the differences between knock-in and knockout mice?
Q11) List the types of genetic engineering.
Q12) Differentiate between dominant and recessive genes.
Q13) How does genetic engineering help us understand the human condition?
Q14) Differentiate between Santiago Ramón y Cajal's and Camillo Golgi's views on brain Page 7
Q15) What are the major functions of Schwann cells? How do they assist in the recovery from nerve damage?
Q16) What is phenotypic plasticity?
Q17) List the functions of the cell nucleus.
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8
Chapter
Part C
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Q1) The junction of the axon and the soma of a neuron is called:
A) the neural bridge.
B) the axon hillock.
C) the axon collateral.
D) a synapse.
Q2) The human central nervous system consists of approximately:
A) 86 billion neurons.
B) 1 trillion neurons.
C) 16 billion neurons.
D) 1 million neurons.
Q3) Which three elements constitute more than 90% of a cell?
A) oxygen,potassium,sodium
B) oxygen,hydrogen,sodium
C) oxygen,hydrogen,carbon
D) carbon,hydrogen,sodium
Q4) Astroglia are NOT associated with:
A) expansion of blood vessels.
B) the blood-brain barrier.
C) formation of scar tissue.
D) removal of dead tissue.
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Chapter 4:How Do Neurons Use Electrical Signals to
Transmit Information? Part A
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Q1) What is an electroencephalogram (EEG)and how is it recorded?
Q2) What are temporal and spatial summation?
Q3) Define EPSP and IPSP.
Q4) What is a graded potential?
Q5) What is a voltmeter?
Q6) Describe the pioneering work of Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley,which earned them a Nobel Prize.
Q7) Describe the work of Luigi Galvani and Roberts Bartholow.How did they contribute to our knowledge of how the nervous system operates?
Q8) What are the symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease)? What neural structures are damaged?
Q9) What is the function of myelin? How does it influence the conduction of a nerve impulse?
Q10) What are the two primary reasons refractory periods are important for the conduction of nerve impulses?
10
Q11) Differentiate between a negative and a positive pole.
Q12) What processes participate in maintaining the resting potential?
Q13) How do nerve impulses produce movement?
Q14) How does the sodium-potassium pump work?
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Chapter 4:How Do Neurons Use Electrical Signals to
Transmit Information? Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) An end plate is found on:
A) a muscle membrane.
B) a dendrite membrane.
C) an axon.
D) touch receptors.
Q2) Simultaneous stimulation at two locations on a cell membrane that leads to an EPSP is an example of:
A) spatial summation.
B) temporal summation.
C) both spatial and temporal summation.
D) neither spatial nor temporal summation.
Q3) EPSPs on the distant dendrite's tree:
A) have maximum influence on an action potential.
B) are easier to summate both spatially and temporally than EPSPs elsewhere.
C) are less likely to have a dynamic effect than those close to the axon hillock.
D) do not modulate action potentials.
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Chapter 5:How Do Neurons Communicate and Adapt? Part
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Q1) Axon terminals are found on the _____ whereas dendritic spines are found on the
A) postsynaptic membrane;presynaptic membrane
B) soma;neuron
C) presynaptic membrane;postsynaptic membrane
D) neuron;synapse
Q2) _____ contribute to chemical neurotransmission by supplying the building blocks for neurotransmitters or by cleaning up excess neurotransmitters.
A) Glial cells
B) Dendrites
C) Receptors
D) Neurons
Q3) Ionotropic receptors:
A) change in shape when neurotransmitters bind to them.
B) have no openings for ion diffusion.
C) activate second messenger systems.
D) are more metabolically expensive than metabotropic receptors.
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Page 13
Chapter 5:How Do Neurons Communicate and Adapt? Part
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Q1) What are the four main amino acid transmitters and what are their functions?
Q2) What is the difference between axoaxonic and axosynaptic synapses?
Q3) Define sensitization.What is the synaptic basis of sensitization?
Q4) What are the neurochemical neurons in the sympathetic and parasympathetic system?
Q5) What are the different ways in which a neurotransmitter could become deactivated?
Q6) What are the four major classes of neurotransmitters?
Q7) Describe the synthesis of the amine neurotransmitters.
Q8) What are second messengers? What role do they play in neural transmission?
Q9) What are the differences between excitatory and inhibitory synapses?
Q10) List four peptide transmitters.
Q11) Define habituation.What is the synaptic basis of the habituation response?
Q13) What is the difference between ionotropic and metabotropic receptors? Page 14
Q12) What neurotransmitter system is used in the somatic nervous system (SNS)? How does it activate lead to depolarization?
Q14) What is a neurotransmitter?
Q15) What is the function of storage granules?
Q16) What are the differences between chemical synapses and electrical synapses? What functions do they serve?
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15
Chapter 6:How Do Drugs and Hormones Influence the Brain and Behavior?
Part A
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Q1) Define homeostasis and give examples of homeostatic hormones.
Q2) What is the difference between morphine and heroin?
Q3) Why is the neurotransmitter acetylcholine important? What are the effects of curare on acetylcholine?
Q4) Describe the incentive-sensitization theory of addiction.
Q5) What evidence suggests that changes in cognitive behavior are a result of gonadal hormones?
Q6) Differentiate between agonists and antagonists.
Q7) What negative effects on the nervous system have been associated with monosodium glutamate (MSG)?
Q8) What are MAO inhibitors used for?
Q9) Briefly describe the blood-brain barrier.
Q10) What are the effects on the brain of chronically high cortisol levels?
Q11) What is drug sensitization and how does it occur?
Q12) Define and differentiate between metabolic tolerance and cellular tolerance.
Q13) Give examples of drugs that are used to treat depression.What types of receptors Page 16
Q14) What is the organizational hypothesis?
Q15) What is behavioral myopia?
Q16) What are endorphins?
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Chapter 6:How Do Drugs and Hormones Influence the Brain and
Behavior? Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are antianxiety agents?
A) alcohol
B) benzodiazepines
C) barbiturates
D) All of the answers are correct.
Q2) Periods of prolonged stress can result in _____ as well as _____.
A) a decrease in size of the hippocampus;an increase in size of the amygdala
B) a decrease in size in the hippocampus;a decrease in the size of the amygdala
C) an increase in the size of the hippocampus;an increase in the size of the amygdala
D) an increase in the size of the hippocampus;a decrease in the size of the amygdala
Q3) The _____ does NOT have a blood-brain barrier.
A) amygdala
B) pineal gland
C) thalamus
D) None of these answers are correct.
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18
Chapter 7:How Do We Study the Brain's Structures and Functions?
Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are event-related potentials?
Q2) How does an MRI work?
Q3) What are spatial and temporal resolutions? Why are these concepts important for brain imaging?
Q4) What is a magnetoencephalogram (MEG)? How is it similar to an electroencephalogram and event-related potentials?
Q5) Give an example of an animal model for a human neurological disease.How are animal models useful for understanding neurological diseases?
Q6) What is a stereotaxic apparatus? What is it used for?
Q7) Describe epigenetics.
Q8) How does transcranial magnetic stimulation work? What does it study?
Q9) What is diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)? What is it used to study?
Q10) List three examples of neuropsychological tests.What are they used to examine?
Q11) What is an EEG? What are the features of the brain revealed by an EEG?
Q12) What is near-infrared spectroscopy? Why is it useful?
Q13) How does brain stimulation work? How is it used to treat Parkinson's disease? Page 19
Q14) What is microdialysis? What does it study?
Q15) What are the differences between an MRI and an fMRI?
Q16) What is optogenetics? How is it used to excite and inhibit neurons?
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Chapter 7:How Do We Study the Brain's Structures and Functions?
Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) Place cells are found in the:
A) parietal cortex.
B) cingulate gyrus.
C) amygdala.
D) hippocampus.
Q2) Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)images nerve fiber pathways by detecting:
A) the directional movement of water molecules.
B) different signal intensities between white blood cells and red blood cells.
C) differences in blood oxygenation.
D) changes in regional cerebral blood flow.
Q3) The technique that uses reflected infrared light to measure oxygen consumption by the brain is:
A) fMRI.
B) fNIRS.
C) cytogenetics.
D) cryogenetics.
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Chapter 8:How Does the Nervous System Develop and
Adapt? Part A
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Q1) What is imprinting? What brain structures are related to imprinting?
Q2) Differentiate between a zygote,an embryo,and a fetus.
Q3) What is the chemoaffinity hypothesis?
Q4) List the seven stages of brain development.
Q5) Why are neural stem cells so important?
Q6) What effects might caffeine and nicotine have on the developing brain?
Q7) What are neurotrophic factors (give examples)? What role do they play in the development of the nervous system?
Q8) List the changes to the brain that occur as a result of complex environment exposure.
Q9) Differentiate between cell adhesion molecules and tropic molecules.
Q10) What brain regions demonstrate increased activation for second languages?
Q11) Define the term critical period and its relation to development.
Q13) At what age do planning abilities become fully developed? Page 22
Q12) From what does the nervous system develop? What is the subventricular zone?
Q14) Describe Piaget's four stages of development.
Q15) What is synaptic pruning? Describe the process of synaptic pruning over time.
Q16) Describe the development of the frontal lobes.What factors have been shown to slow frontal lobe development?
Q17) What function do radial glial cells play in development?
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Chapter 8:How Does the Nervous System Develop and
Adapt? Part C
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Q1) Masculinization refers to the effects of:
A) testosterone on brain cells.
B) too little estrogen on female embryos.
C) testosterone on female embryos.
D) too little estrogen on brain cells.
Q2) Jane is 7 years old.She has very poor language skills and is incredibly clumsy with her hands.Jane may have:
A) autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
B) Asperger syndrome.
C) Rett syndrome.
D) William syndrome
Q3) Research has demonstrated that aversive childhood experiences (e.g. ,physical abuse)are linked with:
A) increased rates of mental illness in middle age.
B) increased rates of suicide in middle age.
C) increased rates of addiction in middle age.
D) All of the answers are correct.
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Page 24
Part A
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Q1) What is trichromatic color theory? At what point in the visual system is trichromatic color coding initiated?
Q2) What is optic ataxia?
Q3) Differentiate between the functions of blob and interblob regions of visual cortex?
Q4) What is a receptive field?
Q5) To what stimulus does a simple cortical cell respond?
Q6) What is the difference between magnocellular cells and parvocellular cells? Specifically,what types of visual signals do they carry,and where do their inputs come from?
Q7) To what types of visual features do neurons in the temporal cortex respond?
Q8) Describe the tectopulvinar system.
Q9) What are ocular dominance columns?
Q10) Describe how on-center and off-center cells enable us to see edges and shapes in our visual world.
Page 25
Q11) What parts of the eye make up the left and right visual fields?
Q12) What is color constancy and why is it important? What brain region is responsible for coding color constancy?
Q13) What is the difference between the dorsal and ventral visual streams?
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Part
C
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Q1) Compared with retinal ganglion cells,cells in V1 have _____ receptive fields.
A) larger
B) smaller
C) equally sized
D) upside down
Q2) After lesions to V5,patient L.M.could no longer:
A) read.
B) grasp objects.
C) detect movement.
D) recognize objects.
Q3) Parvocellular cells send their projections to layer _____ of visual cortex.
A) IVC\(\alpha\)
B) IVC\(\beta\)
C) IVCd
D) V
Q4) Swelling of the optic disc is known clinically as:
A) macular degeneration.
B) presbyopia.
C) retinopathy.
D) papilledema.
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Q1) What is a complex tone? How are complex tones analyzed?
Q2) Differentiate between the dorsal and ventral streams of auditory processing.
Q3) What is the difference between Heschl's gyrus and the planum temporale?
Q4) Differentiate between the roles of the outer and inner hair cells in the ear.
Q5) How do humans localize the source of high-frequency and low-frequency sounds in the environment? Which brain regions are involved?
Q6) How are blind humans able to use echolocation to identify objects? Which brain regions are involved?
Q7) What are the three main physical properties of sound waves and how do they influence auditory perception?
Q8) List the structures in the auditory pathway in the correct order from cochlea to cortex.
Q9) Where on the cortex is Wernicke's area?
Q10) Compare and contrast the deficits that arise in Broca's aphasia and Wernicke's aphasia.Which brain regions are affected?
28
Q11) What is the difference between the tectorial membrane and the basilar membrane?
Q12) Frequency and amplitude are equivalent to what properties in sound perception?
List the variables that affect birdsong.
Q14) What is prosody and what brain regions control it?
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Q1) Birdsong structures are:
A) larger in male than in female birds.
B) influenced entirely by genetics.
C) unaffected by hormones.
D) All of the answers are correct.
Q2) In the world today there are approximately _____ languages.
A) 2000
B) 3000
C) 6000
D) 10,000
Q3) Movement of hair-cell cilia in a direction toward the shortest cilia results in:
A) hyperpolarization.
B) polarization.
C) depolarization.
D) None of the answers are correct.
Q4) A ballooning of an arterial wall is called an:
A) embolism.
B) blood clot.
C) aneurysm.
D) angioma.
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Chapter 11:How Does the Nervous System Respond to
Stimulation and Produce Movement? Part A
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Q1) What are the symptoms of Tourette syndrome?
Q2) Compare and contrast the aspects of movement that are thought to be stored in the motor cortex from the perspectives of Penfield and Graziano.
Q3) Describe the effects of caudate-putamen damage.
Q4) List the components of the posterior spinothalamic tract.
Q5) What is hapsis? What receptors are responsible for our sensation of haptic information?
Q6) Compare and contrast the roles of the prefrontal cortex,the premotor cortex,and the primary motor cortex in the control of movement.
Q7) Compare and contrast the roles of the posterior and anterior spinothalamic tracts.
Q8) What are the causes and symptoms of cerebral palsy?
Q9) How does the motor cortex change in response to damage?
Q10) What are the basal ganglia? What role do the basal ganglia play in motor control?
Q11) Differentiate between rapidly adapting and slowly adapting receptors.
Q12) Discuss the hierarchical organization of movement control.
Q13) Describe the role of the cerebellum in motor learning based on sensory feedback. Page 31
Q14) What kinds of movement problems arise following damage to premotor cortex?
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Chapter 11:How Does the Nervous System Respond to
Stimulation and Produce Movement? Part C
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Q1) Action potentials in the semicircular canals are stimulated by:
A) bending hair cells.
B) the endolymph.
C) the utricle and saccule.
D) Pacinian corpuscles.
Q2) Which of the following receptors are slowly adapting receptors?
A) Meissner corpuscles
B) Merkel receptors
C) Ruffini corpuscles
D) Pacinian corpuscles
Q3) The _____ contributes to motor control by adjusting the forces associated with movements,while the _____ compares the intended movement with actual movement for the improvement of movement skill.
A) motor cortex;cerebellum
B) cerebellum;basal ganglia
C) basal ganglia;motor cortex
D) basal ganglia;cerebellum
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Page 33
Chapter 12:What Causes Emotional and Motivated
Behavior? Part A
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Q1) When animals engage in activities such as eating and sexual activity,there is a marked increase in dopamine levels in the:
A) amygdala.
B) nucleus accumbens.
C) caudate nucleus.
D) hypothalamus.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the symptoms described as part of the original Klüver-Bucy syndrome?
A) loss of fear response
B) increased sexual activity
C) tendency to explore objects using the mouth
D) dementia
Q3) Subjects who are paid handsomely to do nothing,see nothing,and hear and touch nothing rarely stay in the experiment longer than:
A) 12 hours.
B) 24 hours.
C) 36 hours.
D) 48 hours.
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Chapter 12:What Causes Emotional and Motivated
Behavior? Part B
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Q1) What neural structures are part of the circuit of Papez? What roles do these structures play in emotion?
Q2) Describe learned taste aversion.How is learned taste aversion related to preparedness?
Q3) How does the hypothalamus influence sexual behavior?
Q4) Describe the gustatory pathway from the taste receptors to the primary gustatory cortex.
Q5) List the symptoms of Klüver-Bucy syndrome.
Q6) Define innate releasing mechanism and give a specific example.
Q7) List the effects of sensory deprivation in Hebb's experiment with college students.
Q8) Differentiate between generalized anxiety disorder,panic disorder,and phobias.
Q9) What is the concept of preparedness? Give a specific example of preparedness.
Q10) What are the effects of hypothalamic stimulation on behavior? Is the behavior context dependent?
Q12) Differentiate between osmotic and hypovolemic thirst. Page 35
Q11) List the three types of compounds produced by the digestive system.
Q13) What is the function of the medial forebrain bundle in motivated behaviors?
Q14) What is a frontal lobotomy? What effects did this surgical procedure have on behavior?
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Chapter 13:Why Do We Sleep and Dream? Part A
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Q1) A brief period of sleeping lasting a second or so is known as:
A) a minisleep.
B) a nap.
C) a microsleep.
D) passing out.
Q2) Daily body-temperature changes are an example of:
A) circannual rhythm.
B) circadian rhythm.
C) ultradian rhythm.
D) infradian rhythm.
Q3) One of the most common treatments for the control of seasonal affective disorder is: A) benzodiazepines.
B) white light.
C) seconal.
D) sodium amytal.
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Chapter 13:Why Do We Sleep and Dream? Part B
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Q1) What are the effects of sleep deprivation?
Q2) What are the symptoms of cataplexy?
Q3) Describe the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming.
Q4) What are Zeitgebers,and how do they affect biological rhythms? Give an example.
Q5) What activities occur during NREM sleep?
Q6) What evidence supports the notion that memories are consolidated during sleep?
Q7) What is the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in biological rhythms? What role do core and shell neurons play in biological rhythms?
Q8) How is sleep measured in the laboratory?
Q9) What is a circadian rhythm? Give an example.
Q10) What evidence do scientists have that the suprachiasmatic nucleus plays an essential role in biological rhythms?
Q11) What are the symptoms of sleep apnea? What are its main causes?
Q12) What is a free-running rhythm? Give an example.
Q13) What are the differences between REM and NREM sleep?
Q14) Why does jet lag occur? Why is jet lag worse flying east than west?
Q15) What is metabolic syndrome,and what are its causes? Page 38
Q16) Differentiate between alpha,beta,and delta brain rhythms.
Q17) What is the genetic contribution to rhythmicity?
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Chapter 14:How Do We Learn and Remember? Part A
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93 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Administration of _____ has been shown to help improve recovery from brain injury in animals.
A) L-dopa
B) steroids
C) nerve growth factor
D) All of the answers are correct.
Q2) The notion that memory storage might involve changes in the structure of synapses was first put forward by:
A) Santiago Ramón y Cajal.
B) Camillo Golgi.
C) Donald Hebb.
D) Wilder Penfield.
Q3) Which of the following areas is most likely to play a role in visual object memory?
A) parahippocampal region
B) limbic lobe
C) perirhinal region
D) basal ganglia
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Chapter 14:How Do We Learn and Remember? Part B
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Q1) What memory systems and brain regions are affected in Alzheimer disease?
Q2) What evidence supports the idea that the hippocampus is critical for spatial memory?
Q3) List H.M.'s memory deficits and his maintained memory systems following his neurosurgery.
Q4) What role do NMDA and AMPA receptors play in long-term potentiation (LTP)?
Q5) List and describe five of the guiding principles of brain plasticity mentioned in your text.
Q6) What happens to a motor map after the amputation of a limb?
Q7) List the three primary methods to enhance recovery of function after brain damage.
Q8) How do the brains of people and other animals with superior spatial memory abilities differ from those with normal spatial memory abilities? Give examples.
Q9) Which brain circuits are critical for forming emotional memories?
Q10) Differentiate between Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning.
Q11) Differentiate between explicit and implicit memory.Give an example of each.
Page 41
Q12) What is Korsakoff syndrome? What is its primary cause?
Q13) Does the adult brain form new neurons? If so,where are they added?
Q14) Define drug-induced behavioral sensitization.Give an example.
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Chapter 15:How Does the Brain Think? Part A
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Q1) According to research by Kimura,following a stroke in adulthood,males:
A) were less likely to be aphasic and apraxic after left posterior lesions.
B) were more likely to be aphasic and apraxic after left posterior lesions.
C) were less likely to be aphasic and apraxic after left temporal lesions.
D) were more likely to be aphasic and apraxic after left frontal lesions
Q2) The human cerebellum is thought to be important for:
A) motor learning.
B) language.
C) working memory.
D) All of the answers are correct.
Q3) The _____ is larger in the right hemisphere,and the _____ is larger in the left hemisphere.
A) primary auditory cortex;secondary auditory cortex
B) prefrontal cortex;medial temporal lobe
C) primary motor cortex;primary somatosensory cortex
D) Wernicke's area;Broca's area
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Chapter 15:How Does the Brain Think? Part B
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Q1) What are cell assemblies? Why did Hebb think that they were so important?
Q2) Describe the symptoms you would observe in a patient with a lesion to the temporal association cortex.
Q3) What is important about syntax in regard to thought processes? What happens if a person never learns to develop syntax?
Q4) Differentiate between divergent and convergent intelligence.What brain regions are associated with each of them?
Q5) What is neuroeconomics? What has neuroeconomics taught us about decision making?
Q6) What have studies in split-brain patients taught us about language?
Q7) If a split-brain patient was presented with the word spoon in the left visual field and the word fork in the right visual field,how would the patient describe what he saw? How could the researcher demonstrate what the right hemisphere knows about the words that were presented?
Q8) What tasks are better performed by either males or females? Why might these sex differences in cognition have evolved in the first place?
Q9) What techniques can be used to demonstrate functional asymmetry in the healthy brain?
44
Q10) What is extinction? How is it related to contralateral neglect?
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Chapter 16:What Happens When the Brain Misbehaves?
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Q1) What neurotransmitters appear to be involved in depression?
Q2) How is the brain of a person with schizophrenia different from the brain of a person without it?
Q3) What are the proposed causes of multiple sclerosis?
Q4) What treatments are available to reduce epileptic seizures?
Q5) List the six diagnostic symptoms of schizophrenia.
Q6) What are the anatomical correlates of Alzheimer disease?
Q7) What are the symptoms and causes of phenylketonuria?
Q8) What is the MOST common form of brain damage in people under 40?
Q9) Describe and explain at least four of the major challenges faced by researchers who want to study the disordered brain.
Q10) Give examples of positive and negative symptoms of Parkinson disease.
Q11) What are prions? What neurological diseases may be caused by prions?
Q12) What are neuroprotectants? Why are they used?
Q13) What processes following an ischemic stroke result in further brain damage?
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Q14) What two kinds of behavioral effects result from traumatic brain injuries?
Q15) What neurotransmitter system(s)are involved in anxiety? What types of drugs are
Q16) What is electroconvulsive therapy? Why is it used? How does it affect the brain?
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