Introduction to Psychology Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychology provides an overview of the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Students will explore foundational topics including perception, learning, memory, cognition, motivation, emotion, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social interactions. The course examines the biological, psychological, and social factors influencing human thought and behavior, and introduces major theories, research methods, and applications within the field. Emphasis is placed on understanding how psychological principles can be applied to everyday life and to promoting mental health and well-being.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to PsychologyVersion 1.0 by Charles Stangor
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14 Chapters
2640 Verified Questions
2640 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Asking Good Psychological Questions
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176 Verified Questions
176 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The behaviorists believed that humans have free will.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Dr.Brown conducts empirical research to create new knowledge regarding human visual attention.Her colleague,Dr.Chase,is a counseling psychologist using such knowledge to help college students combat ADHD.Dr.Chase is a(n)psychologist-_____.
Answer: practitioner
Q3) Your text notes that the functionalist approach helped shape the contemporary field of:
A) forensic psychology
B) evolutionary psychology
C) developmental psychology
D) environmental psychology
Answer: B
Q4) Kyle repeats a telephone number over and over to himself so that he can remember it long enough to dial it.Kyle is using _____.
Answer: rehearsal
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Chapter 2: Learning Styles
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193 Verified Questions
193 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Girard is conducting a detailed examination of a patient with dissociative identity disorder.Dr.Girard is undertaking:
A) a survey
B) experimental research
C) a case study
D) naturalistic observation
Answer: C
Q2) Dr.Evans prepares a set of questions to ask college students about their drinking behavior and their attitudes toward alcohol.Dr.Evans is undertaking:
A) A survey
B) Experimental research
C) Naturalistic observation
D) A case study
Answer: A
Q3) Consider the following data set: 3,5,6,7,8,8,10.The _________ is 7.
Answer: median
Q4) The mean,median,and mode are measures of ____________.
Answer: central tendency
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Chapter 3: Social Psychology: Helping, Influence, and Obedience
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175 Verified Questions
175 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Macrae et al.(2002)found that women better process male faces on days of their menstrual cycle associated with a high risk of conception than on days associated with a low risk of conception.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The brain's left hemisphere is specialized to process language,an example of _________;
Answer: lateralization
Q3) Your text reports an investigation by Eisenberger et al.(2009)in which participants' brains were imaged while they played a computer game.fMRI scans were taken during three game conditions: a spectator condition,an inclusion condition,and an exclusion condition.Which alternative correctly names and identifies the variables in this study
A) predictor variable - brain activity; outcome variable - game condition
B) experimental variable - game condition; control variable - brain activity
C) experimental variable - brain activity; control variable - game condition
D) independent variable - game condition; dependent variable - brain activity
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Stress, Anxiety Disorders and Classical Conditioning
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) We have _______ types of receptor cells for smell; we can distinguish more than ________ separate smells.
A) 1,000; 10,000
B) 4 or 5; 10,000
C) 1,000; 1,000
D) 4 or 5; 1,000
Q2) Which term best describes the effects of our mind-set and our expectations on perception
A) negligible
B) minimal
C) moderate
D) pervasive
Q3) Taste buds live for only a few days:
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following terms is the best synonym for "disparity"
A) depth
B) constancy
C) difference
D) similarity
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Chapter 5: Treating Psychological Disorders With Emphasis on Cognitive Therapy
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171 Verified Questions
171 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Esther dreams that she is flying.Esther's psychoanalyst suggests that such a dream represents a hidden desire for sexual intercourse.Which of the following statements is true
A) Flying is the manifest content.
B) Flying is the latent content.
C) Sexual intercourse is the manifest content.
D) Esther wishes to fly.
Q2) Which alternative correctly defines sensory deprivation
A) The intentional reduction of stimulation to one or more of the senses
B) A trance-like state of consciousness marked by heightened suggestibility
C) The individual focuses on a specific object, word, or process
D) The lack of ability to perceive colors
Q3) Which of the following alternatives correctly defines addiction
A) Increased doses of a drug are required to produce the same effect
B) A need to use a drug regularly
C) Negative experiences that accompany reducing or stopping drug use
D) When the user craves a drug and is driven to seek it out
Q4) Circadian rhythms are regulated by the ________ in the hypothalamus.
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Q5) Distinguish between tolerance,dependence,withdrawal,and addiction,providing specific examples where appropriate
Chapter 6: Psychological Science
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229 Verified Questions
229 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A research team tracks a large sample of community-dwelling adults over a 20-year period.At five-year intervals,participants complete several measures,including a questionnaire assessing psychosocial adjustment.What type of research is the team conducting What type of correlation coefficient might the team expect to find between participants' scores on the psychosocial adjustment measure,and their scores on the same measure 20 years later
A) The team is conducting cross-sectional research. They should find a zero correlation coefficient.
B) The team is conducting cross-sectional research. They should find a positive correlation coefficient.
C) The team is conducting longitudinal research. They should find a negative correlation coefficient.
D) The team is conducting longitudinal research. They should find a positive correlation coefficient.
Q2) Which of the following best defines social identity
A) The total self-concept.
B) The part of the self-concept that is distinct from others
C) The part of the self-concept that comes from one's personal successes
D) The part of the self-concept that is derived from one's group memberships
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Social Psychology: Stereotypes
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170 Verified Questions
170 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your text reports a meta-analysis by Gershoff (2002)examining the effects of the use of punishment on children's behavior.The use of punishment was positively related to _________ and negatively related to ___________.
A) compliance with parental demands; both mental health and the ability to control aggression
B) aggression; both mental health and the ability to control aggression
C) both compliance with parental demands and aggression; the ability to control aggression
D) both compliance with parental demands and aggression; both mental health and the ability to control aggression
Q2) Which of the following defines positive reinforcement
A) Strengthening a response by removing an unpleasant stimulus
B) Strengthening a response by presenting a pleasant stimulus
C) Weakening a response by removing a pleasant stimulus
D) Weakening a response by presenting an unpleasant stimulus
Q3) How have psychologists challenged Pavlov's traditional account of classical conditioning In your answer,make specific reference to potential biological constraints on classical conditioning
Q4) Brittany is intensely and irrationally afraid of dogs.Brittany has a(n)_______.
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Chapter 8: Brains, Bodies, and Behavior
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234 Verified Questions
234 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of the three memory processes identified in your text
A) encoding
B) priming
C) storage
D) retrieval
Q2) Which of the following defines retroactive interference
A) Memory impairment that occurs when earlier learning impairs later learning
B) Memory impairment that occurs when later learning is impaired by earlier learning
C) Memory impairment that occurs when longer lists come before shorter lists
D) Memory impairment that occurs in short-term memory
Q3) Which of the following neurotransmitters is correctly paired with a description of its role in memory
A) serotonin - the most important neurotransmitter in memory
B) epinephrine - released when animals learn
C) glutamate - may increase memory for stressful events
D) None of these is correctly matched.
Q4) Implicit memory is often studied through experiments that use ________.
Q5) Semantic and episodic memory are subdivisions of __________ memory.
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Chapter 9: Emotions, An Introduction to Psychological Disorders,
and
Depression
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205 Verified Questions
205 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is correctly matched with its function in evaluating the role of nature on the one hand and nurture on the other in contributing to observed sex differences in intellectual performance
A) Women earn fewer degrees in the hard sciences than do women -- uninformative
B) As infants, boys and girls show few if any differences in spatial and counting abilities - supports nurture
C) Men demonstrate greater variability in overall intelligence than do women - supports nature
D) The number of women earning degrees in the hard sciences has increased in recent years - supports nature
Q2) An individual with mental retardation has an IQ below 70. A)True B)False
Q3) Contrast "nature" and "nurture" accounts of language development. Point out the strengths and weaknesses of each approach
Q4) Bilingual children demonstrate delayed language development. A)True B)False
Q5) Little Tara calls any small,furry animal a "kitty," exemplifying _________
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Chapter 10: Schemas: Piagets Cognitive Development
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174 Verified Questions
174 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Schachter and Singer's classic experiment,participants who didn't have an explanation for their arousal took on the emotion expressed by the confederate.According to the interpretation of the results described in your text,we can say that these participants _____.
A) expressed their secondary emotions
B) misattributed their arousal
C) minimized their cognitive processing
D) underemphasized the role of the situation
Q2) Which of the following describes the James-Lange theory of emotion
A) Arousal creates emotion
B) Emotion creates arousal
C) Arousal and emotion happen at the same time
D) A cognitive label allows us to interpret arousal
Q3) Which of the following is a stress hormone that releases sugars into the blood,preparing the body for action
A) cortisol
B) ACTH
C) leptin
D) testosterone
Q4) Valerie is obese; that is,her BMI exceeds _________.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Schemas: Memory
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following sequences indicates the order of the first three stages in Freud's theory of psychosexual development,from first to last
A) oral phallic anal
B) anal oral phallic
C) anal phallic oral
D) oral anal phallic
Q2) Dr.Abbott is an industrial/organizational psychologist.She is examining the relationships among scores on certain MMPI-2 scales and measures of job satisfaction in a particular industry.Dr.Abbott's work exemplifies _________ research.
A) experimental
B) correlational
C) archival
D) observational
Q3) The MMPI is a projective test of personality.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Chromosomes are composed of DNA segments called _______.
Q5) The id is to the pleasure principle as the ego is to the _________ principle.
Q6) Facial characteristics are to body types as ___________ is to somatology.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Personality
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200 Verified Questions
200 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Schizophrenia: Nature and Nurture.Review the evidence for the contributions of nature on the one hand and nurture on the other to schizophrenia.Outline psychology's current stance on the interaction between the nature and nurture in the development of schizophrenia
Q2) Colloquially,we sometimes describe cases of ___________ personality disorder using the terms 'psychopath' or 'sociopath.'
Q3) Describe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Identify some of the biological,psychological,and social factors associated with the disorder
Q4) Which of the following correctly defines the paraphilia of voyeurism
A) Arousal by observing an unsuspecting person
B) Arousal by rubbing up against an unsuspecting person
C) Arousal by experiencing suffering
D) Arousal by exposing the genitals to an unsuspecting person
Q5) The frequency with which a disorder occurs in a population is termed its
A) concordance
B) incidence
C) occurrence rate
D) prevalence
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Chapter 13: Visual Perception, Schizophrenia, Medications, sleeping
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178 Verified Questions
178 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of prevention is correctly defined
A) secondary prevention - targeted at everyone in a given community
B) primary prevention-targeted at people who have been diagnosed with a disorder
C) tertiary prevention - targeted at people displaying the risk factors for a disorder
D) None of these is correctly defined.
Q2) __________ research examines the effectiveness of medical treatments.
Q3) Originally,the prefrontal lobotomy was developed to treat
A) phobias and anxiety
B) mood disorders
C) schizophrenia
D) Parkison's disease
Q4) Bryan is feeling angry with his therapist; Bryan's anger reflects his feelings toward his father when he was a young boy in the throes of the Oedipal conflict.This example illustrates __________.
Q5) Which of the following correctly defines a placebo effect
A) People improve simply because they expect to get better
B) People improve over time simply by attending therapy
C) People get better over time, even without treatment
D) People improve as a result of clinical therapy
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Chapter 14: Psychology Advising
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171 Verified Questions
171 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to your text,the most effective working groups contain _______ members.
A) 2 or 3
B) 4 or 5
C) 5-7
D) 8-10
Q2) Which of the following reasons for helping or failing to help is correctly matched with the type of learning consequence it illustrates
A) We help others because we gain status when we do so. - positive reinforcement
B) We help others because we avoid others' disapproval when we do so - negative punishment
C) We fail to help others because helping takes up time - positive punishment
D) We fail to help others because we are treated rudely rather than appreciatively when we do so - negative reinforcement
Q3) We tend to like people we see again and again: This is the influence of ________ on liking.
Q4) Identify three variables that might influence conformity.Provide concrete examples
Q5) The tendency to conform to those in authority is termed _______.
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