Introduction to Psychology Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychology explores the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes, offering a broad overview of foundational concepts within the field. Students will examine key topics such as cognition, perception, learning, memory, development, personality, psychological disorders, and therapy. The course also introduces major theoretical perspectives and research methods used by psychologists to understand and predict behavior. By connecting theory with real-life examples, students develop critical thinking skills and gain insight into the biological, social, and cultural influences on individual and group behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology From Inquiry to Understanding 2nd Australia Edition by Scott O. Lilienfeld
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17 Chapters
2610 Verified Questions
2610 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Science and Pseudoscience in Psychology
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/70060
Sample Questions
Q1) A key aspect of scientific scepticism is A)critical thinking.
B)dogmatic belief.
C)narrow-mindedness.
D)reliance on authority.
Answer: A
Q2) Dr Wolpe designs an experimental test of his theory of aggression against a competing theory. After conducting the appropriate statistical tests, he finds that the data are better explained by the competing theory. His willingness to accept the evidence that another theory is superior is a characteristic of A)dogmatism.
B)gullibility.
C)pathological scepticism.
D)scientific scepticism.
Answer: D
Q3) Transcendental temptation, the desire to alleviate our anxiety by embracing the lofty promises of the supernatural, is an example of a(n)________ factor leading to erroneous beliefs.
Answer: motivational
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Research Methods
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr Potter, an English professor, is curious about his students' attitudes towards one of his favourite books. What research method is he most likely to use to gather this information?
A)Case study
B)Survey
C)Experiment
D)Naturalistic observation
Answer: B
Q2) When data is positively skewed, the best measures of central tendency to report are the
A)mean or median.
B)median or mode.
C)mean and standard deviation.
D)mode and range.
Answer: B
Q3) The ability to state that differences in the conditions of the independent variable led to the observed differences in the dependent variable is lessened when a(n)________ variable is present in one's research design.
Answer: confounding
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hortense was in a terrible accident, and part of her brain was injured. The result was that she lost the ability to control the musculature in her body and experienced random ticks, twitches, and movements nearly all of the time. Hortense probably suffered damage to the ________ cortex of her brain.
Answer: motor
Q2) People's genetic makeup is their A)genotype.
B)phenotype.
C)mRNA.
D)genome.
Answer: A
Q3) What part of the brain acts as a relay station for incoming sensory information?
A)Hypothalamus
B)Thalamus
C)Pituitary gland
D)Endocrine system
Answer: B
Q4) The part of the brain dedicated to emotion is called the ________. Answer: limbic system
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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141 Verified Questions
141 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The sense of smell is also known as ________.
A)olfaction
B)the salivary sense
C)chemical infarctation
D)gustation
Q2) As we age, it becomes more difficult for us to hear ________ sounds.
A)high-frequency
B)low-frequency
C)low- to moderate-frequency
D)moderate-frequency
Q3) Our memories from childhood often involve not only visual information but olfactory information as well. This is because the olfactory cortex is located near the A)brainstem.
B)cerebellum.
C)limbic system.
D)thalamus.
Q4) The ability to perceive stimuli consistently despite variations in viewing conditions is called ________.
Q5) The sensory receptors associated with vision are located in the ________.
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Chapter 5: Consciousness
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most powerful natural stimulant is A)cocaine.
B)LSD.
C)marijuana.
D)tobacco.
Q2) Curtis has been getting only four hours of sleep a night during final exams because he didn't prepare like he should have during the semester. Upon returning home for the summer, he experiences intense dreams for three nights as he gets his more typical seven and a half hours of nightly sleep. Curtis is most likely experiencing A)dissociation.
B)narcoleptic seizures.
C)REM rebound.
D)sleep paralysis.
Q3) Discuss how the neurocognitive perspective on dreaming differs from the dream protection and activation-synthesis theories of dreaming.
Q4) Both infrequent and habitual use of ________ may cause users to experience distortions in visual, auditory, or any other mode of perception.
Q5) Vivid dreams are most likely to be experienced during ________ sleep.
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Chapter 6: Learning
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167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If parents handle discipline by employing mainly a punishment approach, which of the following can be assumed?
A)Parents are interested in teaching appropriate behaviours to their children through negative reinforcement.
B)Parents are interested in both eliminating bad behaviours and reinforcing good behaviours.
C)Parents are interested in teaching appropriate behaviours to their children through positive reinforcement.
D)Parents are interested in eliminating bad behaviours by presenting unpleasant consequences after bad behaviour.
Q2) Marketing executives use ________ conditioning when they employ celebrities to sell products.
Q3) A ________ reinforcer, such as money or praise, gets its value through an association with a(n)________ reinforcer.
A)positive; negative
B)natural; artificial
C)secondary; primary
D)secondary; artificial
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8
Chapter 7: Memory
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173 Verified Questions
173 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe how the three methods of measuring memory differ and provide an example of each.
Q2) Long-term potentiation, which enhances learning, depends upon the neurotransmitter ________.
A)dopamine
B)acetylcholine
C)glutamate
D)GABA
Q3) The most frequent cause of senility is ________ disease.
Q4) Mimi is recovering from serious back surgery and has been taking pain medication for the last several days. She has received multiple phone calls from friends and family. Later that week, off her medication, she can't seem to remember the names of anyone who called her. Which of the following provides the best explanation for her memory failure?
A)Context-dependent learning
B)State-dependent learning
C)Mood-dependent learning
D)Physiological-dependent learning
Q5) Why do you as an adult have a superior memory to an elementary school child?
Page 9
Q6) Learning strategies that are used to enhance memories are called ________.
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Chapter 8: Thinking, Reasoning and Language
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/70053
Sample Questions
Q1) Newborn infants show a preference for
A)the English language.
B)the Spanish language.
C)their mother's native language.
D)any language if it is spoken by a familiar voice.
Q2) Many people drew faulty conclusions about the relative safety of air travel compared to automobile travel in the wake of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Such poor reasoning was the result of ________.
A)thin slicing
B)hindsight bias
C)mental sets
D)the availability heuristic
Q3) According to research, which of the following aspects of language is the least susceptible to the effects of age?
A)Syntax
B)Pronunciation
C)Vocabulary
D)Pragmatics
Q4) Compare and contrast functional fixedness and mental set.
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and Iq Testing
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158 Verified Questions
158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following questions would be more likely to produce divergent thinking?
A)"What is a stapler?"
B)"How do you spell stapler?"
C)"How many uses can you think of for a stapler?"
D)"What does a stapler look like?"
Q2) Hannah took a reading test to see what her level of reading ability was. Although the tests did measure something related to reading skills, the first test showed that she had very poor reading skills, whereas the second test showed she had average reading skills. Which of the following is TRUE regarding this scenario?
A)The reading tests are likely valid but not reliable.
B)The reading tests did not measure what they were intended to measure.
C)The reading tests did not demonstrate validity.
D)The tests had low validity and low reliability.
Q3) An item asking you about the temperature at which water boils would be found on the ________ subscale section of the WAIS.
Q4) ________ suggested that intelligence could be comprised of musical ability, athletic ability, interpersonal skills, and public-speaking ability, in addition to several other skills.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Human Development
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164 Verified Questions
164 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The period of transition between childhood and young adulthood is called ________.
Q2) What tasks could be presented to students to assess whether they have entered Piaget's formal operations stage of development?
Q3) Kohlberg's belief that the development of moral judgement is intricately related to the development of cognitive skills built on the work of ________.
A)Gilligan
B)Erikson
C)Piaget
D)Freud
Q4) Sarah has recently learned that the sun does not go up and down each day, but that it is the Earth that moves. The fact that Sarah visualises the Earth moving up and down next to the sun each day (rather than orbiting the sun on its axis)demonstrates which Piagetian developmental task?
A)Accommodation
B)Assimilation
C)Equilibration
D)Conservation
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Chapter 11: Emotion and Motivation
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Joe received an email about getting a 50 per cent payroll increase this year. He had been expecting this moment for eight months. Ironically, he went back to his normal life in just one day. Joe's reaction could best be explained by the ________.
A)hedonic treadmill
B)durability bias
C)positivity effect
D)broaden and build theory
Q2) "That race was too close to call!" cried the announcer. "It looked like the horses crossed the finish line at the exact same time!" What theory of emotions is being depicted?
A)James-Lange
B)Two-factor
C)Facial feedback hypothesis
D)Cannon-Bard
Q3) Cultural guidelines that can regulate the expression of emotion are called
A)covert observation.
B)polygraphs.
C)display rules.
D)emotional cues.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Stress, Coping and Health
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139 Verified Questions
139 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Corticosteroids are stress hormones that
A)calm the body when facing a stressful situation.
B)interfere with the body's ability to function during stressful events.
C)stimulate nervous breakdowns.
D)activate the body and prepare it to respond to stressful circumstances.
Q2) Tad seems to thrive when faced with difficult challenges and usually feels in control of his life. He would probably be labelled a ________ personality.
A)stressed
B)Type B
C)Type C
D)hardy
Q3) Eric was recently fired from his job. His response to this stressful event was to take charge of the situation and research available jobs in his field. Then he applied to each of the open positions for which he was qualified, in order to reduce the impact of the situation. This active type of coping is known as
A)emotional control.
B)behavioural control.
C)cognitive control.
D)decisional control.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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173 Verified Questions
173 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some research has shown that there are gender differences in aggression. These findings suggest that
A)higher levels of testosterone may produce more outward aggression in males.
B)males are more likely to engage in relational aggression than females.
C)males engage in more nondirect aggression than females.
D)females are more likely to be affected by high temperatures than males.
Q2) Emilio saw a wonderful all-in-one kitchen appliance for sale on TV. The appliance would allow him to get rid of six small appliances and leave more room in his kitchen. Emilio called the number and agreed to purchase the product. He then found out that the price only covered the product base and he would have to purchase each appliance add-on individually. When he did this, the product cost significantly more than he originally thought. This is known as the ________.
A)foot-in-the-door technique
B)door-in-the-face technique
C)low-ball technique
D)bait-and-switch technique
Q3) According to ________ theory, we alter our attitudes because we experience an unpleasant state of tension between two or more conflicting thoughts.
Q4) ________ is an emphasis on group unanimity at the expense of critical thinking.
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Chapter 14: Cross-Cultural Psychology
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59 Verified Questions
59 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ assumes that all human behaviour is culturally patterned.
A)Relativism
B)Universalism
C)Absolutism
D)Culturalism
Q2) Many writers about Aboriginal Australians do not compare them with Torres Straits people, because there have been no ________ studies of the differences between Aboriginal and Torres Straits peoples.
Q3) Chinese Australians have been found to express depression more through bodily symptoms than in terms of mood. This is in contrast to the way mainland Chinese do today. Why might this be so?
A)Chinese migrants to Australia tend to copy Australian behaviour.
B)Migrants from China one or more generations ago took with them customs and concepts that have since changed in China but live on in the expatriate population in Australia.
C)Chinese medicine in Australia is less-developed than in China.
D)Chinese Australians do not understand Australian mental health issues.
Q4) A person who comes to value their new culture but no longer values their former culture is said to have experienced ________.
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Chapter 15: Personality
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174 Verified Questions
174 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Miranda is a psychoanalytic theorist who uses this perspective to guide her therapeutic treatment of psychological disorders. As a result, she is most likely to improve her understanding of their A)unconscious motivations.
B)desire for personal growth.
C)patterns of thinking and behaving.
D)different personality traits.
Q2) Some scholars have suggested that Maslow may have limited his search for self-actualised individuals to historical figures displaying traits of creativity and spontaneity. As such, his research may have been subject to ________.
Q3) A common criticism of many psychoanalytic perspectives on personality development is that they have ________.
Q4) "Becoming what one ought to be" is one way to define ________.
A)a peak experience
B)self-actualisation
C)achievement potential
D)self-concept
Q5) The statistical tool of ________ is most important to the trait theory of personality.
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Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Believing that the government or other people are out to get you is one way in which sufferers of schizophrenia experience their ________.
A)compulsions
B)delusions
C)hallucinations
D)obsessions
Q2) Maria is often anxious and tense, though there is no specific reason for these feelings. As a result, she is often irritable with her family, friends, and co-workers without meaning to be. Her family doctor suggests that she meet with a psychiatrist to discuss her generalised ________.
Q3) When an individual is institutionalised against his will because he poses a danger to himself or others, and he has committed no crime, this is called ________ commitment.
A)criminal
B)involuntary
C)statutory
D)regulatory
Q4) Identify and discuss important considerations in distinguishing between normal and psychologically disordered behaviour.
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Chapter 17: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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178 Verified Questions
178 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Probably the most famous form of self-help group therapy is ________, which was first formed in 1935.
Q2) Someone who is conducting strategic family therapy would be most likely to attempt to understand
A)family communication patterns.
B)an individual's thoughts and feelings about their family.
C)parental impacts on children's adaptive or maladaptive functioning.
D)why family history makes some people more or less vulnerable to psychological problems.
Q3) Bart is asked by his psychotherapist to close his eyes. After a few minutes of relaxing, the therapist asks Bart to discuss whatever comes to mind and to continue without censoring any of the ideas or thoughts he experiences. Bart is experiencing the therapeutic technique of ________.
A)active confrontation
B)transference
C)free association
D)systematic desensitisation
Q4) Clients who undergo empirically supported treatments to manage their distress are ________ likely to demonstrate improvements in well-being.
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