Introduction to Psychology Exam Bank
Course
Introduction
Introduction to Psychology offers a comprehensive overview of the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. This course explores foundational concepts including sensation, perception, learning, memory, motivation, emotion, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social interactions. Students will examine major psychological theories and research methods, gaining insight into how humans think, feel, and act in various contexts. Emphasis is placed on the application of psychological principles to everyday life, fostering critical thinking and a deeper understanding of oneself and others.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology in Modules 12th Edition by
David G. Myers
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56 Chapters
9156 Verified Questions
9156 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The History and Scope of Psychology
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302 Verified Questions
302 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Innate ability is to learned skill as ________ is to ________.
A) observation;introspection
B) psychology;psychiatry
C) nature;nurture
D) behavior;mental processes
Answer: C
Q2) Recognizing that our explanations for our own and others' behaviors may be incorrect best illustrates an element of the scientific attitude known as A) practicality.
B) self-control.
C) humility.
D) curiosity.
Answer: C
Q3) Edward Titchener is to structuralism as William James is to A) behaviorism.
B) humanistic psychology.
C) cognitive neuroscience.
D) functionalism.
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Thinking Critically with Psychological Science
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333 Verified Questions
333 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An experiment was designed to study the potential impact of alcohol consumption on emotional stability.A specification of the procedures used to measure emotional stability illustrates A) the independent variable.
B) an operational definition.
C) the double-blind procedure.
D) random assignment.
Answer: B
Q2) Dr.Jones is studying the effect of room lighting on college students' test performance and has defined room lighting as either dimly lit or brightly lit.This definition is an example of a(n) A) theory.
B) hypothesis.
C) operational definition. D) hunch.
Answer: C
Q3) Explain how research in psychological science is used to create,test,and verify or disprove various theories.
Answer: no answer
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Research Strategies: How Psychologists Ask and
Answer Questions
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85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) To provide a rough estimate of how similar or diverse a set of scores is,we should calculate the
A) standard deviation.
B) mean.
C) median.
D) range.
Answer: D
Q2) The average price for different brands of toothpaste could be visually displayed in a(n)
A) normal curve.
B) extrapolation.
C) standard deviation.
D) bar graph.
Answer: D
Q3) Median is to range as central tendency is to ________.
A) skewed distribution
B) mode
C) correlation
D) variation
Answer: D
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Neural and Hormonal Systems
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283 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) While listening to operatic solos,musicians process the lyrics and the tunes in separate brain areas.This most clearly illustrates the functioning of different A) neurotransmitters.
B) parathyroids.
C) neural networks.
D) reflex systems.
Q2) You feel the pain of a sprained ankle when ________ relay(s)messages from your ankle to your central nervous system.
A) the myelin sheath
B) interneurons
C) motor neurons
D) sensory neurons
Q3) The vast majority of neurons in the body's nervous system are A) glial cells.
B) interneurons.
C) motor neurons.
D) sensory neurons.
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Chapter 5: The Brain
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Sample Questions
Q1) The brainstem structure located above the medulla that helps control sleep is called the
A) nucleus accumbens.
B) hippocampus.
C) amygdala.
D) pons.
Q2) Conscious information processing is LEAST likely to be required for the automatic physical survival functions regulated by the A) hippocampus.
B) thalamus.
C) brainstem.
D) amygdala.
Q3) The secretions of the pituitary gland are most directly regulated by the A) reticular formation.
B) hypothalamus.
C) amygdala.
D) cerebellum.
Q4) Describe specific functions of our older brain structures,which reveal that our brains are responsible for much more than simply our capacity to think.
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Chapter 6: Behavior Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology
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138 Verified Questions
138 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Speech is processed primarily in the right hemisphere by the ________ of those who are left-handed and by the ________ of those who are right-handed.
A) minority;minority
B) majority;majority
C) minority;majority
D) majority;minority
Q2) After Terry lost a finger in an industrial accident,the area of his somatosensory cortex devoted to receiving input from that finger gradually became very responsive to sensory input from his adjacent fingers.This best illustrates A) lateralization.
B) neurogenesis.
C) plasticity.
D) cognitive neural prosthetics.
Q3) The corpus callosum is a wide band of axon fibers that A) enables the left hemisphere to control the right side of the body. B) transmits information between the cerebral hemispheres.
C) controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs.
D) transfers neural impulses from the somatosensory cortex to the motor cortex.
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Chapter 7: Environmental Influences on Behavior, and
Reflections on Nature and Nurture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Behaviorism encouraged psychologists to ignore the study of A) the visual action track.
B) consciousness.
C) socialization.
D) cortical activation patterns.
Q2) Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus is called A) blindsight.
B) parallel processing.
C) change blindness.
D) selective attention.
Q3) Our inability to consciously process all the sensory information available to us at any single point in time best illustrates the need for A) blindsight.
B) selective attention.
C) choice blindness.
D) popout.
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Chapter 8: Prenatal Development and the Newborn
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217 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) As Inge recalled her dream,she was dancing with a tall,dark,and handsome gentleman when suddenly the music shifted to loud rock and the man disappeared.According to Freud,Inge's account represents the ________ content of her dream.
A) paradoxical
B) manifest
C) latent
D) hypnagogic
Q2) Production of the human growth hormone necessary for muscle development is most strongly associated with
A) sleep spindles.
B) slow-wave sleep.
C) hypnagogic sensations.
D) REM sleep.
Q3) The suprachiasmatic nucleus is a pair of cell clusters in the ________ that controls circadian rhythm.
A) pineal gland
B) brainstem
C) motor cortex
D) hypothalamus
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Chapter 9: Infancy and Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Neuroadaptation refers to
A) the pain relief that occurs following the use of narcotic drugs.
B) continued drug craving and use despite its significant dangers.
C) the change in brain chemistry that offsets the effect of a psychoactive drug.
D) the increased sympathetic nervous system activity following the use of stimulant drugs.
Q2) Kara's craving for psychoactive drugs is so strong that she is unable to function at work or maintain important relationships with her family.Kara most clearly shows symptoms of
A) sensory deprivation.
B) a near-death experience.
C) substance use disorder.
D) dehydration.
Q3) Which of the following is an amphetamine derivative that acts as a mild hallucinogen?
A) marijuana
B) Nembutal
C) Ecstasy
D) heroin
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adopted children are especially likely to have similar ________ if raised in the same home.
A) temperaments
B) genomes
C) personality traits
D) attitudes
Q2) Molecular geneticists would be most directly interested in identifying the structure and function of specific
A) heritability estimates.
B) protein molecules.
C) chromosome segments.
D) free-floating stress hormones.
Q3) Jonathan and Jerry are identical twins.Jonathan has been diagnosed with schizophrenia but Jerry has not.Which of the following explains how this might occur?
A) They developed from two separate fertilized eggs.
B) They had separate placentas during prenatal development.
C) While they have the same genes,they do not have the same number of those genes repeated in their genome.
D) They are fraternal twins,not identical twins.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Adulthood, and Reflections on Developmental Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) The study of how our behavior and mind have changed in adaptive ways over time due to natural selection is called
A) social learning theory.
B) evolutionary psychology.
C) cross-cultural psychology.
D) genome research.
Q2) Men and women working for an experimenter asked strangers of the opposite sex: "Would you go to bed with me tonight?" Their invitations were accepted by
A) more than half of men but no women.
B) almost half of the men but no women.
C) more than half of the men and almost half of the women.
D) almost half of the men and almost half of the women.
Q3) If a genetic predisposition to fear darkness contributes to reproductive success,that trait will likely be passed on to subsequent generations.This best illustrates
A) a sexual overperception bias.
B) a mutation.
C) social learning theory.
D) natural selection.
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Chapter 12: Introduction to Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Unusual combinations of male and female sexual anatomy are characteristic of newborns who are
A) transgender.
B) intersex.
C) androgynous.
D) lesbian.
Q2) The concepts of masculinity and femininity that we use to organize our world are called gender
A) types.
B) schemas.
C) roles.
D) complexes.
Q3) Since 1960,most Western cultures have changed with remarkable speed.The LEAST likely explanation for these variations involves changes in A) communication systems.
B) the human gene pool.
C) scientific knowledge.
D) social norms.
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14
Chapter 13: Vision
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109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Samantha has to select a college major.She has always wondered about what makes people who they are and how people change over time.Based on this,she might be interested in
A) clinical psychology.
B) social psychology.
C) nursing.
D) developmental psychology.
Q2) Questions about the extent to which maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most directly relevant to the issue of
A) continuity and stages.
B) stability and change.
C) behavior and mental processes.
D) nature and nurture.
Q3) The zygote's inner cells
A) form the placenta.
B) become the embryo.
C) become the heart of the organism.
D) attach to the uterine wall.
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15
Chapter 14: Hearing
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312 Verified Questions
312 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The importance of schemas was most clearly highlighted by A) Erikson's psychosocial development theory.
B) Piaget's cognitive development theory.
C) Harlow's attachment theory.
D) Vygotsky's social cognitive theory.
Q2) The recommended back to sleep position has been associated with A) somewhat later walking.
B) somewhat earlier walking.
C) somewhat earlier crawling.
D) somewhat later crawling.
Q3) Three-year-olds were shown a model of a room with a miniature stuffed dog placed behind a miniature couch.By using the model to locate an actual stuffed dog behind a couch in a real room,the children demonstrated their capacity for A) egocentrism.
B) symbolic thinking.
C) conservation.
D) concrete operational reasoning.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Other Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who is most likely to be in a romantic relationship?
A) Abby,who is 13 years old
B) Catherine,who is 10 years old
C) Daniel,who is 15 years old
D) Beth,who is 17 years old
Q2) The term puberty refers to the period of
A) formal operations and the development of conventional morality.
B) late adolescence when self-identity is formed.
C) rapid physical development and the onset of reproductive capability.
D) sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent.
Q3) G.Stanley Hall described adolescence as a period of
A) identity verses role confusion.
B) intimacy versus loneliness.
C) storm and stress.
D) integrity and despair.
Q4) Who is likely to be the most popular student in the fifth-grade class?
A) Helmut,who is the tallest boy in the class
B) Jeff,who is the statistician for the basketball team
C) Hara,who is below average in height and physical maturity
D) Sally,who is the most sexually mature girl in the class
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Perceptual Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared with their counterparts of 30 years ago,Americans are marrying at a(n)
A) older age and are experiencing more marital satisfaction.
B) younger age and are experiencing less marital satisfaction.
C) older age and have increased their standards for mate selection.
D) younger age and have decreased their standards for mate selection.
Q2) Jason met Rebecca during an out-of-state business trip following a minor accident in which their cars collided.Ironically,this led to the beginning of a relationship that resulted in marriage.This best illustrates that the directions in which our lives develop are influenced by
A) neural plasticity.
B) terminal decline.
C) neurogenesis.
D) chance events.
Q3) A cross-sectional study is research that A) follows and retests the same people over time.
B) compares people of different ages at the same point in time.
C) assesses different characteristics of a given individual at the same point in time.
D) involves different researchers assessing the behavior of a group
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Chapter 17: Perceptual Interpretation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The difference threshold is the
A) minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time.
B) minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time.
C) principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage for their difference to be perceived.
D) process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural impulses.
Q2) Bottom-up processing involves analysis that begins with the A) hypothalamus.
B) sensory receptors.
C) cerebral cortex.
D) absolute threshold.
Q3) Subliminally presented stimuli
A) can sometimes be consciously perceived.
B) effectively influence purchases of consumer goods.
C) increase our absolute thresholds for visual images.
D) are usually mentally processed as completely as any other stimuli.
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Chapter 18: Waking and Sleeping Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the opponent-process theory,cells that are turned "on" by
A) green light are turned "off" by blue light.
B) yellow light are turned "off" by red light.
C) green light are turned "off" by red light.
D) red light are turned "off" by blue light.
Q2) Indicators of distance such as interposition and linear perspective are
A) visual cliffs.
B) feature detectors.
C) monocular cues.
D) cataracts.
Q3) The ability to simultaneously process the pitch,loudness,melody,and meaning of a song best illustrates A) relative luminance.
B) accommodation.
C) perceptual adaptation.
D) parallel processing.
Q4) Explain how research on size constancy,restored vision,and perceptual adaptation serves to support and/or refute John Locke's emphasis on the importance of learning in perception.
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Chapter 19: Hypnosis
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Sample Questions
Q1) For some people,hearing certain sounds may activate color-sensitive regions of the cortex so as to trigger a sensation of color.This phenomenon is called A) tinnitus.
B) telepathy.
C) synesthesia.
D) kinesthesia.
Q2) Brain scans have shown that hypnosis increases activity in the frontal lobe attention systems.While hypnosis does not block sensory input,it appears to block our attention to it,lending support to the role of ________ in hypnosis.
A) dissociation
B) distraction
C) selective attention
D) social influence
Q3) The study of phenomena such as clairvoyance and telepathy is called A) parapsychology.
B) embodied cognition.
C) psychokinesis.
D) ESP.
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Chapter 20: Drugs and Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Voluntary behaviors that produce rewarding or punishing outcomes are called A) respondent behaviors.
B) associative behaviors.
C) operant behaviors.
D) conditioned responses.
Q2) Just after they taste a sweet liquid,mice are injected with a drug that produces an immune response.Later,the taste of the sweet liquid by itself triggers an immune response.This best illustrates
A) operant conditioning.
B) spontaneous recovery.
C) classical conditioning.
D) observational learning.
Q3) By directly experiencing a thunderstorm,we learn that a flash of lightning signals an impending crash of thunder.This best illustrates A) operant conditioning.
B) spontaneous recovery.
C) observational learning.
D) classical conditioning.
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22
Chapter 21: Classical Conditioning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Operant response rates tend to be ________ when linked to a ratio schedule rather than an interval schedule.Operant response rates tend to be ________ consistent when linked to a variable schedule rather than a fixed schedule.
A) higher;less
B) lower;more
C) higher;more
D) lower;less
Q2) The introduction of a pleasant stimulus is to ________ as the withdrawal of a pleasant stimulus is to ________.
A) positive reinforcer;negative reinforcer
B) immediate reinforcer;delayed reinforcer
C) reinforcement;punishment
D) primary reinforcer;secondary reinforcer
Q3) Soccer instruction that reinforces short kicks before attempting to reinforce long kicks best illustrates the process of A) shaping.
B) fixed-interval scheduling.
C) discrimination.
D) delayed reinforcement.
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Operant Conditioning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although Josh learned aggressive behaviors by watching a violent movie,he did not imitate those behaviors until days later when he was offered money to do so.Josh's behavior best illustrates the importance of A) classical conditioning.
B) latent learning.
C) unconditioned stimuli.
D) intrinsic motivation.
Q2) The desire to engage in an activity for the sake of its enjoyment alone involves A) instinctive drift.
B) modeling.
C) intrinsic motivation.
D) latent learning.
Q3) Research participants formed more gut-level liking for Pokémon characters associated with positive rather than negative images.This best illustrates the impact of A) classical conditioning.
B) instinctive drift.
C) latent learning.
D) intrinsic motivation.
Q4) Explain how biological constraints affect operant and classical conditioning.
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Chapter 23: Learning by Observation
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Sample Questions
Q1) As compared with long-term memory,short-term memory is ________ permanent and ________ limited in storage capacity.
A) less;more
B) more;less
C) less;less
D) more;more
Q2) Tim,a third-grader,learns the sentence "George Eats Old Gray Rats and Paints Houses Yellow" to help him remember the spelling of "geography." Tim is using A) a mnemonic technique.
B) the spacing effect.
C) implicit memory.
D) explicit memory.
Q3) Implicit memory is to explicit memory as ________ is to ________.
A) iconic memory;echoic memory
B) automatic processing;effortful processing
C) short-term memory;long-term memory
D) the spacing effect;the self-reference effect
Q4) Explain the updated Atkinson and Shiffrin model of memory,which includes working memory and automatic processing.
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Chapter 24: Introduction to Memory
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Q1) Information learned while a person is ________ is best recalled when that person is
A) sad;happy
B) drunk;sober
C) angry;calm
D) drunk;drunk
Q2) Joshua vividly recalls his feelings and what he was doing at the exact moment when he heard of his grandfather's unexpected death.This best illustrates ________ memory.
A) nondeclarative
B) implicit
C) flashbulb
D) procedural
Q3) Long-term potentiation refers to
A) the impact of effortful processing on retention.
B) an automatic tendency to recall emotionally significant events.
C) an increase in a neuron's firing potential.
D) the process of learning something without any conscious memory of having learned it.
Q4) Detail how emotions impact memory.Provide some real-life examples.
Page 26
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Chapter 25: Encoding: Getting Information In
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Q1) In the study led by Elizabeth Loftus,two groups of observers were asked how fast two cars had been going in a filmed traffic accident.Observers who heard the vividly descriptive word smashed in relation to the accident later recalled
A) glass fragments at the scene of the accident.
B) that the drivers of the vehicles were intoxicated.
C) that the drivers of the vehicles were males.
D) the details of the accident with vivid accuracy.
Q2) Retroactive interference can be considered
A) forward-acting.
B) backward-acting.
C) retrograde.
D) anterograde.
Q3) Becky's car is in the shop and her father has allowed her to use his truck until her car is repaired.Although she has never driven his truck before,she finds that after a few minutes she has the hang of it.This is an example of
A) déjà vu.
B) positive transfer.
C) reconsolidation.
D) the misinformation effect.
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Page 27
Chapter 26: Storage: Retaining Information
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Q1) Students who have spent time living abroad and experiencing other cultures are more adept at
A) creative problem solving.
B) generating algorithms.
C) convergent thinking.
D) forming concepts.
Q2) A televised image of a starving child had a greater impact on Mr.White's perception of how widespread hunger is than did a statistical chart summarizing the worldwide scope of the problem.This suggests that his understanding of the world hunger problem was influenced by
A) belief perseverance.
B) an algorithm.
C) confirmation bias.
D) the availability heuristic.
Q3) Prototypes are especially important in the process of A) trial and error.
B) constructing algorithms.
C) developing good intuitions.
D) classifying objects.
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Chapter 27: Retrieval: Getting Information Out
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Sample Questions
Q1) The smallest distinctive sound unit in a language is a A) prefix.
B) suffix.
C) morpheme.
D) phoneme.
Q2) After Miguel's recent automobile accident,doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Broca's area.It is likely that Miguel will have difficulty
A) remembering past events.
B) speaking fluently.
C) reading.
D) understanding other people when they speak.
Q3) Infants can learn which syllables go together,as in "hap-py-ba-by." This best illustrates the infant's capacity for A) telegraphic speech.
B) statistical learning.
C) a productive language.
D) linguistic determinism.
Q4) Teo is an infant and has not yet learned language.Describe how he is likely to think.
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29
Chapter 28: Forgetting, Memory Construction, and Applying
Memory Principles to Your Own Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) Energetic persistence in pursuit of challenging goals is most clearly an indication of A) emotional intelligence.
B) street smarts.
C) the g factor.
D) grit.
Q2) By demonstrating both intelligence and grit,highly successful people demonstrate the importance of both ability and A) creativity.
B) problem solving.
C) motivation.
D) aptitude.
Q3) An important aspect of social intelligence is called A) the g factor.
B) analytical intelligence.
C) grit.
D) emotional intelligence.
Q4) Describe the four abilities that constitute emotional intelligence,and give an example of each.
Q5) Compare and contrast the theories of multiple intelligences.
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Chapter 29: Thinking
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Q1) Dr.Bronfman has administered her new 100-item test of abstract reasoning to a large sample of students.She is presently comparing their scores on the odd-numbered questions with those on the even-numbered questions in an effort to
A) determine the test's validity.
B) determine the test's reliability.
C) standardize the test.
D) provide a normal distribution of scores.
Q2) Comparing the average performance of the initial WAIS standardization sample with the average performance of the most recent WAIS standardization sample provides convincing evidence of A) eugenics.
B) general intelligence.
C) the Flynn effect.
D) test reliability.
Q3) Aptitude tests are to ________ as achievement tests are to ________.
A) current interests;past competence
B) past competence;current interests
C) current competence;future performance
D) future performance;current competence
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Page 31
Chapter 30: Language and Thought
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a major limitation of longitudinal studies?
A) They compare people of different ages.
B) They compare people who were born in different eras.
C) Participants may withdraw from the study or not survive until the end of the study.
D) They compare the same people over an extended period of time.
Q2) One criticism of gifted education programs is that by labeling children as "ungifted" we may be
A) taking away their hope for a brighter future.
B) creating a self-fulfilling prophecy.
C) providing them with a higher-level goal.
D) denying them access to higher levels of education.
Q3) Children of different age groups were asked to complete the WISC so that researchers could compare the performance of younger and older children.The procedure used in this research best illustrates
A) the Flynn effect.
B) a longitudinal study.
C) a correlational study.
D) a cross-sectional study.
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Chapter 31: Introduction to Intelligence
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Q1) Intelligence tests are most likely to be considered culturally biased in terms of their A) content validity.
B) predictive validity.
C) social construction.
D) heritability.
Q2) The importance of environmental influences on intelligence is provided by evidence that
A) general intelligence scores predict performance on a variety of complex tasks.
B) the cognitive development of neglected children is often delayed.
C) identical twins raised together have more similar intelligence scores than fraternal twins raised together.
D) mental similarities between adopted children and their adoptive families increase with age.
Q3) Estimates of the heritability of intelligence range from
A) 10 to 30 percent
B) 20 to 50 percent.
C) 40 to 70 percent.
D) 50 to 80 percent.
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33
Chapter 32: Assessing Intelligence
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Q1) ________ theory of motivation claims that behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs.
A) Drive-reduction
B) Incentive
C) Arousal
D) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Q2) According to ________,exam performance is typically best when arousal is moderate.
A) the Yerkes-Dodson law
B) drive-reduction theory
C) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
D) evolutionary theory
Q3) The tendency for optimal levels of performance to be associated with moderate levels of arousal is known as
A) drive-reduction.
B) homeostasis.
C) the Yerkes-Dodson law.
D) self-actualization.
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34
Chapter 33: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is defined as a BMI of 30 or more.
A) Portion size
B) Neophobia
C) Obesity
D) Starvation
Q2) Ancel Keys and his research team observed that men on a semistarvation diet
A) became apathetic and lost interest in food.
B) remained interested in food but avoided talking or thinking about it.
C) lost interest in sex and social activities.
D) became increasingly preoccupied with political and religious issues.
Q3) Eating food more ________ leads to eating less food.This is especially true for ________.
A) slowly;women
B) rapidly;women
C) slowly;men
D) rapidly;men
Q4) Brenda has been struggling with her weight for years and is overweight.Identify the factors that might have contributed to her weight gain,as well as some of the negative health outcomes related to being overweight.What can Brenda do to lose some weight?
Page 35
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Chapter 34: Introduction to Motivation
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Q1) The idea that maternal genetics may explain the transmission of genes that promote homosexuality is highlighted by the
A) older-brother effect.
B) fertile females theory.
C) length of female refractory periods.
D) frequency of female sexual dysfunctions.
Q2) A paraphilia may involve
A) a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal.
B) a lack of sexual energy and arousability.
C) experiencing sexual arousal from the suffering of others.
D) an inability to establish an emotional relationship with one's partner.
Q3) Kamil,a 33-year-old lawyer,experiences premature ejaculation.Through behaviorally oriented therapy,he would most likely learn to minimize his problem by
A) engaging in sexual activity less frequently.
B) eliminating his high level of sexual guilt.
C) uncovering the unconscious fears that underlie his problem.
D) learning ways to control his urge to ejaculate.
Q4) Describe the four stages of the sexual response cycle as outlined by researchers Masters and Johnson.
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Chapter 35: Hunger
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Q1) Sheila is more fearful of loneliness than of remaining in a physically abusive relationship with her boyfriend.This best illustrates the potentially harmful impact of ________ needs.
A) achievement
B) affiliation
C) sexual
D) safety
Q2) Margo is out of shape and has set a goal for herself of working out three to five times a week.Which of the following is something that she should NOT do?
A) make a resolution to work out regularly
B) keep her goal to work out regularly to herself
C) monitor her own progress of working out regularly
D) create a plan to work out regularly
Q3) Jonah misbehaved and so was sent to his room for a time-out.The punishment Jonah is experiencing is social isolation through
A) ostracism.
B) narcissism.
C) self-disclosure.
D) incentives.
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Page 37
Chapter 36: Sexual Motivation and the Need to Belong
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Sample Questions
Q1) In anger-provoking situations,sexually aroused people experience more intense hostility than those who are not sexually aroused.This best illustrates the
A) Cannon-Bard theory.
B) spillover effect.
C) James-Lange Theory.
D) Concealed Information Test.
Q2) Describe how polygraphs are intended to measure lying,and discuss their accuracy.
Q3) According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
A) you experience fear because your heart begins pounding.
B) your heart begins pounding because you experience fear.
C) you experience fear at the same time your heart begins pounding.
D) none of these statements are true.
Q4) Which theory states that emotion results from the cognitive labeling of our physiological arousal?
A) James-Lange theory
B) LeDoux theory
C) Cannon-Bard theory
D) two-factor theory
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Chapter 37: Motivation at Work
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Sample Questions
Q1) When communicating with others electronically,we are at risk for egocentrism because our communications lack
A) vocal nuances.
B) expressive emotions.
C) ambiguous emotion.
D) visual cues to emotion.
Q2) Compared with the explanations we give for men's emotionality,our explanations for women's emotionality are ________ likely to focus on their personal dispositions and ________ likely to focus on their circumstances.
A) less;less
B) more;more
C) less;more
D) more;less
Q3) The view that expressing a specific emotion,especially facially,causes the subjective experience of that emotion is called
A) the behavior feedback effect.
B) spontaneous expression.
C) the facial feedback effect.
D) egocentrism.
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Page 39
Chapter 38: Introduction to Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Humanistic psychologists
A) aimed at advancing human fulfillment.
B) studied human flourishing.
C) studied negative experiences.
D) researched basic human emotions.
Q2) Relative deprivation refers to the tendency for our personal happiness to be heavily influenced by
A) genetics.
B) previous experiences.
C) bodily arousal.
D) others' success.
Q3) Which basic emotion is facially expressed by nose wrinkled,upper lip raised,and tongue pushed outward?
A) fear
B) surprise
C) disgust
D) anger
Q4) Carroll Izard identified 10 basic emotions that appear to be present in infancy.Identify those emotions,and discuss Izard's view that all other emotions are combinations of these.
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Chapter 39: Experienced Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Natural killer cells are part of the body's
A) immune system.
B) endocrine system.
C) digestive system.
D) sympathetic nervous system.
Q2) Receiving a failing grade on an exam in an important college course is best described as a(n)
A) alarm reaction.
B) relative deprivation.
C) stressor.
D) fight-or-flight response.
Q3) Ben has been offered a new job out of state.He is very excited about the new opportunity.As he plans his move he realizes that he does not have enough money to pay a deposit and the first month's rent for a new apartment.He also does not have enough money to rent a truck to move his belongings.He begins to feel panic and frustration.Which of the following is the stressor?
A) being offered a new job
B) having to move out of state
C) feeling frustration and panic
D) not having enough money for a successful move
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Chapter 40: Expressed Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Alleviating stress using emotional,cognitive,or behavioral methods is known as A) coping.
B) control.
C) learned helplessness.
D) meditation.
Q2) The loss of personal control is most likely to be accompanied by elevated levels of A) oxytocin.
B) lymphocytes.
C) serotonin.
D) cortisol.
Q3) Meyer Friedman and his colleagues used ________ to help Type A heart attack survivors reduce their risk of future attacks.
A) oxytocin
B) relaxation
C) the Innovation Time Off program
D) biofeedback
Q4) Use your understanding of our biological responses to stressful situations to explain why relaxation and mindfulness meditation are associated with reduced stress and better health.
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Chapter 41: Stress and Illness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared with how we explain our own actions,in explaining other people's behavior we are more likely to refer to
A) dispositional influences.
B) role playing.
C) situational influences.
D) cognitive dissonance.
Q2) Attitudes are especially likely to affect behavior when A) the attitudes are implicit rather than explicit. B) external influences on behavior are minimal.
C) the person has not publicly stated those attitudes.
D) the attitudes differ from most other people's opinions.
Q3) College professors are typically expected to teach courses,engage in scholarly activity,and serve on a variety of college committees.These professional duties are best described as requirements associated with a specific A) attribution.
B) attitude.
C) role.
D) disposition.
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Chapter 42: Coping With Stress
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Sample Questions
Q1) If one student in a classroom begins to cough,others are likely to do the same.This best illustrates
A) mood linkage.
B) mood contagion.
C) informational social influence.
D) the chameleon effect.
Q2) When Lyndsay's psychology professor started looking at the ceiling during class,the entire class mimicked the behavior.This is an example of A) normative social influence.
B) group polarization.
C) informational social influence.
D) the chameleon effect.
Q3) In a study of social loafing,blindfolded students were asked to pull on a rope as hard as they could.The students tugged hardest when they thought
A) three others were pulling with them.
B) three others were pulling against them.
C) no others were pulling with them.
D) no one was monitoring how hard they pulled.
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44
Chapter 43: Modifying Illness-Related Behaviors
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Q1) A news commentator says,"The doctor deserved to become infected with the Ebola virus because he chose to help those infected people in Africa." This attitude illustrates A) the just-world phenomenon.
B) social scripts.
C) scapegoat theory.
D) the frustration-aggression principle.
Q2) Testosterone levels are ________ correlated with assertiveness and ________ correlated with tolerance for frustration.
A) positively;positively
B) negatively;negatively
C) positively;negatively D) negatively;positively
Q3) China has recently experienced a shortfall in ________ births,making it ________ likely that Chinese bachelors will be unable to find mates.
A) female;less
B) male;less
C) female;more
D) male;more
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Chapter 44: Psychoanalytic Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) When conflicts between parties become intense,a third-party mediator will try to help these parties reach
A) a mutually beneficial resolution.
B) mirror-image perceptions.
C) altruistic goals.
D) superordinate goals.
Q2) Which statement about companionate love is true?
A) Companionate love has a rapid onset.
B) Companionate love reaches its peak about a decade into a relationship.
C) Companionate love grows slowly throughout a relationship.
D) Companionate love begins to decrease when passionate love disappears.
Q3) Felippe,a 19-year-old university freshman,is very talkative,intelligent,assertive,and politically conservative.Research suggests that he would be most likely to develop a close friendship with
A) Toren,who is talkative and assertive.
B) Erez,who is quiet and passive.
C) Tom,who is intelligent and quiet.
D) Fabio,who is politically liberal and talkative.
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Chapter 45: Humanistic Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) Christine frequently cheats on her tax payments and she greatly overestimates the extent to which other people do the same.Her overestimate best illustrates A) reaction formation.
B) repression.
C) the false consensus effect.
D) identification.
Q2) Abdul mistakenly believes that his classmates are unusually hostile.In fact,Abdul is the most quarrelsome and aggressive child in the school.According to psychoanalytic theory,Abdul's belief that his classmates are hostile is a A) regression.
B) projection.
C) denial.
D) reaction formation.
Q3) An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking,feeling,and acting is his or her A) self-esteem.
B) personality.
C) reality principle.
D) defense mechanism.
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Chapter 46: Contemporary Research on Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which theorists have been criticized for underestimating the human capacity for evil?
A) trait theorists
B) humanistic theorists
C) psychoanalytic theorists
D) social-cognitive theorists
Q2) Which of the following Big Five trait dimensions is most descriptive of an individual who is organized and disciplined in managing his or her work?
A) extraversion
B) agreeableness
C) conscientiousness
D) openness
Q3) Humanistic psychology has influenced all of the following except
A) counseling
B) education
C) child raising
D) marital relationships
Q4) Generally,how did humanistic theorists view personality? Provide a comparison of the two pioneering humanistic theorists.
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Chapter 47: Introduction to Psychological Disorders
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Q1) Bethany has a strong sense of competence and effectiveness in her profession.She does not back down from any professional challenge because she believes she can meet any challenge.According to the social-cognitive perspective,Bethany's belief in herself illustrates
A) self-efficacy.
B) defensive self-esteem.
C) self-serving bias.
D) collectivism.
Q2) While Rolf claims that he provides more than half of his daughter's care,his wife feels that he provides very little care.Rolf's mistaken belief best illustrates A) the spotlight effect.
B) reciprocal determinism.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) self-serving bias.
Q3) Our feelings of high or low self-worth are referred to as our A) narcissism
B) self-esteem.
C) optimism.
D) self-efficacy.
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Page 49
Chapter 48: Anxiety Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some of the new diagnoses in the DSM-5 concern many physicians and mental health workers because
A) they disagree with the medical model.
B) the cost of revising the names of disorders is excessive.
C) they fear it will extend the pathologizing of everyday life.
D) people who have become accustomed to certain categories will be reluctant to learn new ones.
Q2) The ________ helps organize disorders according to behaviors and brain activity related to negative or positive emotions,cognition,social relationships,and arousal and sleep.
A) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
B) World Health Organization
C) National Institute of Mental Health
D) Research Domain Criteria project
Q3) Epigenetics is the study of environmental influences on
A) psychological disorders.
B) personality traits.
C) natural selection.
D) gene expression.
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Page 50
Chapter 49: Dissociative and Personality Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Panic attacks are most closely associated with A) depression.
B) anxiety disorders.
C) traumatic brain injuries.
D) compulsions.
Q2) Episodes of intense dread that last for several minutes and are accompanied by shortness of breath,trembling,dizziness,or irregular heartbeat are most characteristic of A) free-floating anxiety.
B) panic disorder.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.
Q3) Phobic behaviors such as avoiding insects or snakes may increase in frequency because they reduce anxiety.This best illustrates the impact of A) observation.
B) panic.
C) reinforcement.
D) survivor resiliency.
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Chapter 50: Mood Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recovery from a major depressive episode is likely to be permanent the ________ the first episodes appear and the ________ the number of previous episodes.
A) earlier;fewer
B) earlier;greater
C) later;fewer
D) later;greater
Q2) Major depressive disorder is said to occur when signs of depression last at least A) one week.
B) two weeks.
C) two months.
D) four months.
Q3) Which of the following is true of bipolar disorder?
A) More men than women are diagnosed with the disorder.
B) More women than men are diagnosed with the disorder.
C) Men and women have the disorder equally.
D) Men are diagnosed with the disorder more than women,but only in middle adulthood.
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Chapter 51: Schizophrenia
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Q1) James was abused as a child,and as he grew into his teens,he began to withdraw from others.When James reached the age of 21,he was clearly exhibiting all the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.He is not responding to medication.James is demonstrating ________ schizophrenia.
A) chronic
B) catatonic
C) acute
D) reactive
Q2) Schizophrenia is associated with an excess of receptors for A) norepinephrine.
B) dopamine.
C) serotonin.
D) acetylcholine.
Q3) Brain scans have found enlarged fluid-filled ventricles in people with A) antisocial personality disorder.
B) panic disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) agoraphobia.
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Chapter 52: The Psychological Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which of the following countries is dissociative identity disorder most prevalent?
A) Japan
B) Britain
C) United States
D) France
Q2) One cluster of personality disorders marked by dramatic or impulsive behaviors is exemplified by the ________ personality disorder.
A) avoidant
B) dissociative
C) schizotypal
D) borderline
Q3) The onset of ________ typically begins with a weight-loss diet.
A) anorexia nervosa
B) a fugue state
C) a dissociative disorder
D) a personality disorder
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Chapter 53: Evaluating Psychotherapies
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Q1) Which form of psychotherapy is most likely to focus on providing clients with insight into themes evident in their troubling and recurring patterns of social interaction in a variety of important relationships?
A) client-centered therapy
B) systematic desensitization
C) psychodynamic therapy
D) behavior modification
Q2) Reuben's psychotherapist is nonjudgmental and supportive of him even when Reuben reveals some of his questionable motives and less-than-admirable personality traits.The psychotherapist most clearly is demonstrating
A) an eclectic approach.
B) free association.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) unconditional positive regard.
Q3) According to psychoanalysts,resistance refers to the A) expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships.
B) blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material during therapy.
C) replacement of a genuine concern for others with self-centeredness.
D) conversion of psychological conflicts into physical and behavioral disorders.
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Page 55
Chapter 54: The Biomedical Therapies
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Q1) Which of the following factors is NOT a therapeutically effective component of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing?
A) reliving traumatic memories
B) rapidly moving one's eyes
C) a relaxing therapeutic environment
D) patients' anticipation that the treatment will work
Q2) Which of the following treatment approaches has received little or no scientific support?
A) psychodynamic therapy
B) exposure therapies
C) energy therapies
D) aversive conditioning
Q3) Treatment involving psychological techniques designed to assist someone to overcome a psychological disorder such as a phobia would generally be best described as
A) psychoanalysis.
B) psychotherapy.
C) insight therapy.
D) psychodynamic therapy.
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Page 56
Chapter 55: Social Thinking
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Sample Questions
Q1) Double-blind studies enable researchers to assess the extent to which the effectiveness of a drug is attributable to
A) deep-brain stimulation.
B) tardive dyskinesia.
C) a placebo effect.
D) rTMS.
Q2) Of the following individuals,who is most likely to benefit from therapeutic drugs that block receptor sites for dopamine?
A) Amir,who complains about feeling tense and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why
B) Matthew,who feels hopeless and lethargic after losing his job
C) Betsy,who hears imaginary voices telling her she will soon be killed
D) Marcella,who is so obsessed with fear of a heart attack that she frequently counts her heartbeats aloud
Q3) The study of the effect of drugs on mind and behavior is called
A) psychosurgery.
B) psychobiology.
C) ECT.
D) psychopharmacology.
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Page 57
Chapter 56: Appendix
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Q1) Effectively designing physical environments-such as the layout of a kitchen in a way that maximizes safe and efficient meal preparation-is of special interest to A) personnel psychologists.
B) organizational psychologists.
C) clinical psychologists.
D) human factors psychologists.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT an interest type assessed by the U.S.Department of Labor Occupational Information Network?
A) realistic
B) investigative
C) conventional
D) interpersonal
Q3) Designing aircraft instrument displays so pilots can easily and accurately monitor flight data would be of most direct interest to A) personnel psychology.
B) organizational psychology.
C) human factors psychology.
D) clinical psychology.
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