Introduction to Psychology
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychology provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The course explores foundational topics such as biological bases of behavior, sensation and perception, learning, memory, cognition, motivation, emotion, development, personality, psychological disorders, and approaches to treatment. Through lectures, discussions, and interactive activities, students will gain insight into major theories and research methods used in psychology, fostering critical thinking skills and a deeper understanding of human thought and behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Developmental Psychology From Infancy to Adulthood 4th Edition by Fiona White
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13 Chapters
544 Verified Questions
544 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to developmental psychology
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44 Verified Questions
44 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Experimental research examines the relationship between two types of variables - a dependent variable and an independent variable.What types of variables are these,respectively?
A) a variable that is measured; a variable that is hypothesised to be affected by a manipulated variable
B) an outcome variable; a manipulated variable
C) a manipulated variable; an outcome variable
D) none of these answers is correct
Answer: B
Q2) Piaget proposed that children were passive participants in the developmental process.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Experimental research involves the controlled manipulation of variables to assess the impact on particular behaviours.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Foundations of development: Genetics and prenatal development
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mitosis is the process by which each cell is duplicated so that a second cell is identical in genetic make-up to the original.The four phases of mitosis are: anaphase,prophase,metaphase,telophase.What is the correct sequence of the four phases?
A) anaphase, telophase, metaphase, prophase
B) prophase, anaphase, telophase, metaphase
C) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
D) metaphase, prophase, anaphase, telophase
Answer: C
Q2) Meiosis involves normal body cells whereas mitosis involves germ cells.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) During the prophase,which of the following processes occur?
A) the two identical 'daughter' cells are formed
B) the four chromosomes replicate
C) the replicated chromosomes separate and migrate to opposite poles of the cell
D) the four replicated (but still joined) chromosomes line up at the cell midline
Answer: B
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Physical and motor development
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a feature of developmental coordination disorder (DCD)?
A) absence of physical disorder
B) markedly impaired motor coordination
C) average intelligence
D) a diagnosed neurological disorder
Answer: D
Q2) Children who suffer from obesity are more likely to show behavioural problems.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Motor skills indicate neurological integrity and reflect perceptual and cognitive development in young children.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The sensory organs responsible for vestibular balance are located in the brain.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Perceptual development
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Sample Questions
Q1) It has been argued that,for infants and young children,the sense of ________ is more important than vision.
A) taste
B) hearing
C) smell
D) touch
Q2) Haptic perception refers to the way that children use their sense of vision to explore the sensory qualities of objects.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Compare and contrast the key distinctions between learning theory,cognitive developmental theory and ethological theories of perceptual development.
Q4) Images that are projected onto our retina are three-dimensional.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Preferences for certain smells are present within the first few weeks of life.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss two recent research findings in the area of infant/children's pain.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Stages of cognitive development
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Piaget viewed the development of imitation as a slow process that was completed by 12 months of age with the onset of deferred imitation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The term used by Piaget to describe the creation and manipulation of representations of the outside world in order to solve practical problems is:
A) combinatorial logic
B) operations
C) problem solving
D) schematic manipulation
Q3) Cognitive development is concerned with changes that occur from birth through to adolescence.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Children in the formal operational stage are still not quite able to experiment to test a hypothesis.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the three basic theoretical assumptions of Piaget's stage theory.
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Chapter 6: Cognitive development II
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is not true?
A) What we know about a topic influences how well we will remember that information from around the age of 14 months.
B) Memories become more constructive as children get older.
C) By five- or six-years-old, children will often report assumed information when asked to retell a story.
D) None of the above is an inaccurate statement.
Q2) Understanding that another person may have a belief about the world that you know to be untrue is called:
A) theory of mind
B) false belief
C) inaccurate attention
D) joint attention
Q3) Repetition priming is a procedure that is commonly used to test:
A) parallel processing
B) direct memory
C) metamemory
D) implicit memory
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Chapter 7: Language development
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53 Verified Questions
53 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of a constraint on early word learning?
A) whole-object assumption
B) mutual exclusivity
C) both A and B are correct
D) syntactic bootstrapping
Q2) A rising tone at the end of a statement indicates it is a question.This use of tone to change the meaning is called:
A) inflection
B) intonation
C) morphemes
D) production
Q3) 'Mummy eat','Doggie woof' and 'All gone' are examples of:
A) underextension
B) elegraphic speech
C) overextension
D) holophrases
Q4) The period of 'vocabulary explosion' ends at approximately six years of age.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Personality development
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52 Verified Questions
52 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Erikson,the epigenetic principle is:
A) a principle of personality development
B) based on the premise that one stage emerges and builds on another without replacing the previous one
C) based on the premise that one stage emerges and builds on another while replacing the previous one
D) both A and B are correct
Q2) Erikson developed the first stage theory of personality that extended across the lifespan.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Freud tested his theory of psychosexual stages of personality development.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Freud argued that by the age of five years,all the basic structures of personality were fully developed.
A)True
B)False
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Social development
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47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Grusec and Lytton described types of children's play.Which of the following was not outlined in their model?
A) constructive play
B) games with rules
C) parallel play
D) functional play
Q2) According to previous research,which of the following is not one of the positive developmental outcomes of play?
A) play provides children with an opportunity to develop their identity and self-concept
B) play teaches children to problem solve
C) play provides children with opportunities to develop social skills
D) play sharpens children's social knowledge
Q3) Which of the following statements is true about self-esteem development?
A) some show state-like self-esteem whereas others show trait-like self-esteem
B) in late adulthood, high self-esteem functions as a buffer against emotional consequences of stress
C) social processes contribute the stability of one's self-esteem
D) all of these answers are correct
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Chapter 10: Emotional development
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39 Verified Questions
39 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define emotional development.Discuss two theories of emotional development and explain any research supporting or negating the theories.
Q2) According to Morris and colleagues,there are three ways in which the family context affects emotional development.Which of the following is not one of these?
A) observation
B) emotional climate of the family
C) parenting practices/behaviours
D) none of these answers is correct
Q3) Symptoms of depression typically increase around early childhood.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Evaluate the role of parenting on an individual's ability to experience emotions.What recommendations can be made to parents to encourage healthy emotional development?
Q5) Differential reactions of children are likely to influence the socioemotional developmental outcomes for that child.
A)True
B)False
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Model development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research shows that shame rather than guilt is more effective in motivating people to choose their moral paths in life.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Longitudinal studies that have investigated the stages for moral development show that:
A) the final stage of moral judgments does not appear until 20 years of age
B) many people move through the stages but often regress back to previous stages
C) the correlation between age and stage of moral maturity was non-linear
D) almost all people move through the stages in a predicted order, without skipping stages
Q3) How does parental style influence children's moral development?
Q4) The ________ of moral judgment refers to what or who the person thinks about in a moral dilemma,whereas the ________ of moral judgement refers to how sophisticated a person's thinking is.
A) content, maturity
B) focus, maturity
C) content, form
D) form, content
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Chapter 12: Psychological problems and development
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49 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) People often think that a classification of a psychological disorder classifies a person rather than their disorder
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to the psychodynamic approach to psychopathology,intrapsychic conflict between the id,ego and superego results in:
A) neurotic anxiety
B) psychotic features
C) depression.
D) the presence of defence mechanisms
Q3) Purging techniques and the misuse of laxatives and diuretics to prevent weight gain are collectively referred to as:
A) inappropriate compensatory behaviours
B) weight-loss techniques
C) bingeing behaviour
D) compensatory management behaviours
Q4) Resilience is considered to be a fixed characteristic of an individual.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Conclusions
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12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Different aspects of human development are interconnected.For example,language development is related to cognitive development.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Infants prefer stationary and familiar objects over moving and unfamiliar objects.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Halford's structure mapping approach is useful to explain the complicated network of changes in behaviour,cognition and social functioning.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Culture is an important influence on development.Review research literature and discuss its role in child development,particularly in language and social development.
Q5) Theories of development suggest that development can be continuous or discontinuous.Which argument has more convincing research evidence?
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