Introduction to Psychology
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychology provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. The course covers fundamental topics such as the history and approaches of psychology, biological bases of behavior, sensation and perception, learning, memory, development, emotion, motivation, personality, psychological disorders, and social psychology. Through lectures, discussions, and hands-on activities, students will gain insight into how psychologists research and apply principles to understand individuals and groups, fostering critical thinking and an appreciation for the diversity of human experience.
Recommended Textbook
Biopsychology 9th Edition by John P.J. Pinel
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18 Chapters
2676 Verified Questions
2676 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Biopsychology as a Neuroscience:
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89 Verified Questions
89 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare physiological psychology and neuropsychology, and discuss how these two approaches to biopsychological research complement one another.
Answer: 50% for describing physiological psychology and neuropsychology 50% for explaining how these two fields compensate for each other's weaknesses; students should discuss the concept of converging operations, and their answer could be strengthened by providing examples (e.g., research on memory or on Korsakoff's syndrome)
Q2) A volunteer with curarized eye muscles, who viewed a stationary target, saw the target move
A) in the direction opposite to the direction in which his eyes drifted.
B) in the direction opposite to the direction in which he attempted to move his eyes.
C) in the same direction as he attempted to move his eyes.
D) rapidly back and forth.
E) rapidly up and down.
Answer: C
Q3) The largest neural pathway that connects the left and right halves of the brain is called the __________.
Answer: corpus callosum
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Chapter 2: Evolution, Genetics, and Experience: Thinking About the Biology of Behavior
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146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) PKU is transmitted by a A) recessive gene mutation.
B) pair of dominant genes.
C) dominant gene mutation.
D) triad of recessive genes.
E) single extra chromosome 23.
Answer: A
Q2) Maze-bright rats are less __________ than maze-dull rats.
Answer: emotional
Q3) The canary song-control neural circuit is remarkable because the A) left descending motor circuit plays a greater role than the right.
B) high vocal center is four times larger in males than in females.
C) male song-control brain structures grow each spring.
D) new neurons are added to the male song-control brain structures each spring.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Q4) The two genes that control the same trait are called __________.
Answer: alleles
Q5) Proteins are long chains of __________.
Answer: amino acids
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Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tracts are to nuclei as nerves are to A) nuclei.
B) ganglia.
C) ganglion.
D) nucleus.
E) cell bodies.
Answer: B
Q2) The large lateral outgrowths that compose the telencephalon are the A) eyes.
B) temporal lobes.
C) cerebral hemispheres.
D) ventricles.
E) testes.
Answer: C
Q3) Draw a lateral view of the human cerebral hemispheres. Illustrate the four lobes and label four other structures.
Answer: 40% for the drawing
40% for locating the four lobes
20% for labeling four structures
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A change in the resting potential of a postsynaptic dendrite from -70 mV to -72 mV is called
A) an IPSP.
B) an EPSP.
C) a depolarization.
D) both A and C
E) both B and C
Q2) Sodium-potassium pumps maintain the resting membrane potential by transporting
A) Na+ ions into neurons.
B) K+ ions into neurons.
C) Na+ ions out of neurons.
D) both A and B
E) both B and C
Q3) About how many neuropeptides are currently classified by most experts as neurotransmitters?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 9
D) just over 100
E) almost 3,000
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Chapter 5: The Research Methods of Biopsychology
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161 Verified Questions
161 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Illustrated here is
A) electroencephalography.
B) magnetoencephalography.
C) electrooculography.
D) plethysmography.
E) electromyography.
Q2) The level of 130/70 mmHg is
A) indicative of stress.
B) the ratio of diastolic to total systolic blood pressure.
C) a healthy human blood pressure.
D) indicative of hypertension.
E) both a and c
Q3) Which of the following is a commonly studied species-common behavior?
A) copulating
B) nest building
C) grooming
D) swimming
E) all of the above
Q4) In humans, EEG electrodes are usually taped to the __________ .
Q5) The typical __________ maze contains a hidden escape platform.
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Chapter 6: The Visual System
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The pattern called "off firing" involves a temporary
A) decrease in firing when the stimulus comes on.
B) increase in firing when the stimulus goes off.
C) decrease in firing when the stimulus goes off.
D) both A and B
E) both A and C
Q2) Rattlesnakes can see in
A) what for humans would be complete darkness.
B) what for snakes is complete darkness.
C) infrared light.
D) both A and C
E) both B and C
Q3) Hemianopsic patients who focus on the tip of a person's nose sometimes
A) experience completion.
B) report seeing only half the face contralateral to the damage.
C) report seeing the entire face.
D) both A and B
E) both A and C
Q4) Most binocular neurons in monkey primary visual cortex display __________.
Q5) Scotomas are normally identified and characterized by a __________ test.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Mechanisms of Perception
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Much of SII is
A) adjacent to SI.
B) in the lateral fissure.
C) in the parietal cortex.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q2) The Pacinian corpuscle is
A) the largest cutaneous receptor.
B) the most deeply positioned cutaneous receptor.
C) fast adapting.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q3) Gustation is to olfaction as A) flavor is to odor.
B) onions are to potatoes.
C) thalamus is to neocortex.
D) ageusia is to anosmia.
E) NaCl is to thiamine.
Q4) Sensory systems are hierarchical, parallel, and __________ segregated.
Q5) The inability to smell is called __________.
9
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Chapter 8: The Sensorimotor System
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following helps distribute the work between different motor neurons of a muscle's motor pool?
A) cocontraction
B) recurrent collateral inhibition
C) reciprocal inhibition
D) muscle-spindle feedback
E) withdrawal reflex
Q2) Which of the following receives information from various parts of the cortex and feeds it back to motor cortex?
A) basal ganglia
B) cerebellum
C) red nucleus
D) reticular formation
E) substantia nigra
Q3) Discuss the organization and functions of primary motor cortex. Compare the traditional view with the modern view, emphasizing the relevant evidence.
Q4) Discuss the anatomy, circuitry, and function of muscle spindles. Use diagrams of the muscle spindle feedback circuit in your answer.
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Chapter 9: Development of the Nervous System
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sperry's initial version of the chemoaffinity hypothesis of axon growth has difficulty accounting for
A) the results of Sperry's own eye-rotation regeneration experiments.
B) the ability of axons to grow to their correct targets.
C) the ability of axons to follow exactly the same circuitous route to their target in every member of a species.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B
Q2) The neural crest develops into the A) ventricular system.
B) cortex.
C) peripheral nervous system.
D) circulatory system of the brain.
E) neural tube.
Q3) The last part of the human brain to reach full maturity is the A) hippocampus.
B) prefrontal cortex.
C) amygdala.
D) occipital cortex.
E) hypothalamus.
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Chapter 10: Brain Damage and Neuroplasticity
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ramachandran found that the experience of phantom limbs did not come from the nerves of the amputated limbs; they came from the
A) contralateral limb.
B) ipsilateral limb.
C) parts of the body that now activated the area of somatosensory cortex that formerly received input from the amputated limb.
D) prefrontal cortex.
E) circuits involved in imagination.
Q2) Most transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease fail to display one important feature of the human disorder:
A) amyloid plaques.
B) neurofibrillary tangles.
C) deficits on memory tasks.
D) amyloid plaques in the medial temporal lobes.
E) both A and C
Q3) The __________ phenomenon is a model of epileptogenesis.
Q4) Lesions in the hippocampus increase __________ in that structure, suggesting that it may be involved in recovery of function after hippocampal damage.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Learning, Memory, and Amnesia
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146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) H.M.'s operation was a bilateral __________ lobectomy.
Q2) Rats can perform the delayed nonmatching-to-sample task
A) only at chance levels.
B) at levels that are only slightly above chance.
C) at levels that are not significantly above chance.
D) almost as well as monkeys at retention delays up to a minute or so.
E) as well as humans when food is involved.
Q3) Which of the following is a correct statement about medial temporal lobe amnesics? They often have
A) medial temporal lobe pathology.
B) no ability to form long-term semantic memories.
C) a profile of mnemonic deficits similar to that of H.M.
D) all of the above
E) both A and C
Q4) Patients with prefrontal cortex damage often display deficits in
A) working memory.
B) memory for the temporal order of events.
C) reference memory.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Hunger, Eating, and Health
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145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a classic study, a stomach was transplanted from one rat into another and connected to the circulatory system of the recipient. Food was then injected into the implanted stomach. This experiment indicated that
A) the gastrointestinal tract produces a satiety signal.
B) food-related chemical signals from the stomach are transmitted through the circulatory system to the brain.
C) hunger signals from the stomach are transmitted through the nervous system to the brain.
D) both A and B
E) both A and C
Q2) Which phase of energy metabolism is triggered by the sight, odor, or taste of food, or just by thinking about eating?
A) fasting phase
B) cephalic phase
C) absorptive phase
D) dynamic phase
E) static phase
Q3) __________ (CCK) was one of the first satiety peptides to be studied.
Q4) The leaky-barrel is a __________ model, not a set-point model.
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Chapter 13: Hormones and Sex
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158 Verified Questions
158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following suggested that the amygdala plays in important role in human sexual behavior?
A) Kluver-Bucy syndrome
B) John Money
C) sexual dimorphism
D) anabolic steroids
E) estrous cycle
Q2) __________ hormones can readily penetrate cell membranes because their molecules are small and fat soluble.
Q3) __________ glands are ductless glands, which release hormones into the circulatory system.
Q4) The cortices of the primordial gonads may develop into A) ovaries.
B) the female sex ducts.
C) the frenulum.
D) testes.
E) the Wolffian system.
Q5) Sparse pubic and axillary hair is a symptom of __________.
Q6) Summarize the role of four brain structures in mammalian sexual behavior, emphasizing the evidence.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythms
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187 Verified Questions
187 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Normally, the fifth stage of sleep EEG to be reached after a person falls asleep at night is stage __________.
Q2) Evidence indicates that melatonin may function as a A) stimulant.
B) chronobiotic.
C) catecholamine.
D) neurotransmitter.
E) both C and D
Q3) The case of Miss M. is interesting because
A) brain damage had left her unable to sleep.
B) by using stimulant drugs she was able to reduce her sleep to 1 or 2 hours per night.
C) her lack of sleep had made her paranoid.
D) she had been able to train herself with great effort not to sleep when she had better things to do with her time.
E) none of the above
Q4) Specialized __________ cells function as receptors for gradual changes in illumination. These receptors contain melanopsin and play a role in regulating circadian cycles.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Drug Addiction and the Brains Reward Circuits
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many chronic addicts come to prefer the __________ route of drug administration.
A) oral
B) IM
C) SC
D) IV
E) IP
Q2) In the middle ages, marijuana was commonly used by Europeans to
A) keep the sailors happy on long voyages.
B) suppress sexual urges during long voyages.
C) treat scurvy.
D) make rope.
E) feed pigs.
Q3) According to Ramsay and Woods, the unconditional stimulus in drug conditioning experiments is
A) the drug.
B) what the experimenter measures.
C) the disruption of neural functioning that is directly produced by the drug.
D) the compensatory reactions to the conditional stimulus.
E) the test environment.
Q4) Delirium tremens is a symptom of __________ withdrawal.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Lateralization, Language, and the Split Brain
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170 Verified Questions
170 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During a test in which split-brain patients were asked to verbally specify which of two colors, red or green, had been presented in the left visual field, an interesting phenomenon was discovered. This phenomenon is
A) unilateral emotion.
B) cross-cuing.
C) the helping-hand phenomenon.
D) transfer of hircismus.
E) interhemispheric transfer of color.
Q2) The inability to pronounce simple nonsense words is a symptom of __________ dyslexia.
Q3) Most people palpate with their A) prefrontal cortex.
B) fingers.
C) right hemispheres.
D) visual cortex.
E) mouths open.
Q4) Compare the following three theories of cerebral asymmetry: the analytic-synthetic theory, the motor theory, and the linguistic theory. Describe relevant evidence, and reach a conclusion.
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Chapter 17: Biopsychology of Emotion, Stress, and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because even innocent people undergoing a lie-detector test are likely to be aroused by questions about their guilt or innocence, the
A) guilty-knowledge technique should be employed when possible.
B) mock-crime procedure is often employed.
C) control-question technique is often employed.
D) polygraph is often employed.
E) group-contingency threat procedure is often employed.
Q2) Unlike false smiles, Duchenne smiles always involve the __________ muscles.
Q3) Handling rat pups for a few minutes per day during the first few weeks of their lives has permanent beneficial effects on the hippocampus. This effect occurs because
A) the handled rats receive extra grooming from their mothers.
B) the hippocampus is a center for handling.
C) new granule cells are created in the amygdala.
D) handled rats are less stressed.
E) the handled rats receive practice being stressed.
Q4) In response to the threat of an auditory conditional stimulus, the __________ is thought to activate appropriate behavioral circuits in the PAG and sympathetic circuits in the hypothalamus.
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Biopsychology of Psychiatric Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most prevalent of all psychiatric disorders are the __________ disorders.
A) manic
B) anxiety
C) schizophrenic
D) depressive
E) phobic
Q2) One serious shortcoming of conventional animal models of anxiety is that they
A) may be models of benzodiazepine-sensitive anxiety rather than anxiety disorders in general.
B) they work only in primates.
C) model only phobic disorders.
D) model only generalized anxiety.
E) are not sensitive to anxiolytic effects.
Q3) Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
A) hallucinations
B) inappropriate affect
C) delusions
D) incoherent speech or thought
E) all of the above
Q4) Fluoxetine, or __________, is an SSRI.
Page 20
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