Introduction to Programming
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Introduction to Programming is designed to give students a comprehensive foundation in computer programming concepts and problem-solving strategies using a high-level programming language. The course introduces basic principles such as variables, data types, conditional statements, loops, functions, and arrays, while emphasizing logical thinking and program structure. Students will gain hands-on experience by writing, testing, and debugging their own code, preparing them to tackle more advanced programming courses and real-world computing challenges. No prior programming experience is required, making this course ideal for beginners seeking to develop a solid understanding of programming fundamentals.
Recommended Textbook
Java Foundations 3rd Edition by John Lewis
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16 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the difference between a compile-time error and a run-time error. Give an example of each.
Answer: A compile-time error will cause the compiler to exit with an error, and therefore the program will not be properly translated. A program with a run-time error will compile and be translated, but will crash or throw an exception while it is running. An example of a compile-time error is forgetting a semicolon. An example of a run-time error is dividing by zero.
Q2) The _____________ of an object define it define its potential behaviors.
A) attributes
B) white spaces
C) variables
D) methods
E) name
Answer: D
Q3) Comments affect the run-time execution of a program.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Write an application that prints the first few lines of a song (your choice).
Answer: 11edd9cc_5a45_7376_84e8_afca069acf96_TB2841_00
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Data and Expressions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Write a short application that converts inches to centimeters. It should read the number of inches from the user as a floating point number and output the number of inches and the number of centimeters at the end of the program. Note that there are 2.54 centimeters in an inch.
Answer: 11edd9d0_01b8_da9d_84e8_4dcb8b77e1bb_TB2841_00
Q2) Explain the difference between the print and the println methods.
Answer: The println method performs a carriage return after printing the specified characters. This means the next output will begin on the next line. The print method does not do this, and therefore the next output will begin right after the previous output.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of an invalid expression in Java?
A) result = a + b;
B) result = (14 + 9) * 5;
C) result = ((19 + 4) - 5;
D) result = firstNum % secondNum;
E) result = firstNum / secondNum % thirdNum;
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Using Classes and Objects
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Sample Questions
Q1) Assume that we have a Random object referenced by a variable called generator. Which of the following lines will generate a random number in the range 5-20 and store it in the int variable randNum?
A) randNum = generator.nextInt(15) + 5;
B) randNum = generator.nextInt(15) + 6;
C) randNum = generator.nextInt(16) + 5;
D) randNum = generator.nextInt(16) + 6;
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Q2) Suppose we have a String object referenced by a variable called listing. Suppose we want a new String object that consists of the first 5 characters in listing. Which of the following lines of code will achieve this?
A) String prefix = listing.front(5);
B) String prefix = listing.front(6);
C) String prefix = listing.substring(1,5);
D) String prefix = listing.substring(0,5);
E) String prefix = listing.firstChars(5);
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Conditionals and Loops
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a valid relational operator in Java
A) <=
B) >
C) ==
D) <>
E) !=
Q2) It is possible to implement a switch statement using if statements.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Using a while loop, write a code fragment that computes the sum of the first n natural numbers (i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, ... n), where n is an integer variable already defined in the program.
Q4) Write a snippet of code that determines which of two integer variables, intOne and intTwo, contains a larger number, and print out the larger one. If they are equal, the output should say that.
Q5) In Java, a boolean expression is limited to having exactly 2 logical operators.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Write a for loop to print the even numbers from 1 to 100 (inclusive).
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Writing Classes
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Q1) A(n) ___________________ object is one that is made up, at least in part, of other objects.
A) static
B) aggregate
C) encapsulated
D) private
E) public
Q2) Explain why a static method cannot refer to an instance variable.
Q3) Write a method called countSpaces that takes in a String as a parameter and returns an integer that represents the number of space characters (' ') contained in the string, false otherwise..
Q4) Aggregation is sometimes described as a has-a relationship.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The ________________ reference always refers to the currently executing object.
A) null
B) static
C) final
D) actual
E) this
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Graphical User Interfaces
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Sample Questions
Q1) A container is goverened by a(n) __________________, which determines exactly how the components added to the panel will be displayed.
A) event
B) content pane
C) JFrame object
D) JPanel object
E) layout manager
Q2) Which of the following is a fundamental idea of good GUI design?
A) Know the user
B) Prevent user errors
C) Optimize user abilities.
D) Be consistent.
E) all of the above
Q3) GUI is an acronym for _______________________.
A) graphical UML interface
B) graphical UML implementation
C) graphical user implementation
D) graphical user interface
E) none of the above
Q4) Give an example of a common use of a dialog box.
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Chapter 7: Arrays
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following array declarations are invalid?
A) int[] grades = new int[5];
B) int grades[] = new int[5];
C) int[] grades = { 91, 83, 42, 100, 77 };
D) all of the above are valid
E) none of the above are valid
Q2) Write a method called average that accepts an array of floating point numbers and returns their average.
Q3) What is the precedence of the index operator ( [ ] ) relative to other operators in Java?
A) It has the lowest precedence of all Java operators.
B) It has a higher precedence than addition, but a lower precedence than multiplication.
C) It has a higher precedence than multiplication, but a lower precedence than addition.
D) It has the highest precedence of all Java operators.
E) [ ] is not an operator.
Q4) The foreach loop can be used to process each element of an array.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Inheritance
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does it mean for a class to be declared as final? What does it mean for a method to be declared as final?
Q2) Draw a hierarchy of Animals. The hierarchy should include the following entities: Animal, Reptile, Mammal, Bear, Human, Iguana, and Dolphin.
Q3) In Java subclass can only extend one parent class.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When a variable is declared in a subclass has the same name as a variable declared in a superclass, it is called a _______________ variable. A) final B) shadow
C) static
D) dead
E) this is not allowed in Java
Q5) Compare and contrast the private visibility modifier to the protected visibility modifier. Why is the protected visibility modifier a better choice in an inheritance hierarchy?
Q6) Explain the relevance of the Object class to the Java programming language.
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Chapter 9: Polymorphism
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Q1) In Java, polymorphic method binding occurs ____________________ .
A) at run time
B) at compile time
C) never
D) when a programmer writes the code
E) during the testing phase of software development
Q2) Can references to interface types be polymorphic? Explain.
Q3) The compareTo method of the Comparable interface returns a boolean value.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Why can't an interface be instantiated?
Q5) Describe the Iterator interface.
Q6) Describe the compareTo method the circumstances under which it returns different values.
Q7) How do interfaces relate to multiple inheritance?
Q8) A parameter to a method can be polymorphic. A)True B)False
11
Q9) Are there any differences between extending a class and implementing an interface?
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Chapter 11: Recursion
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Sample Questions
Q1) A program with infinite recursion will act similarly to a program with an infinite loop.
A)True
B)False
Q2) __________________ recursion results from the lack of a base case.
A) Indirect
B) Direct
C) Infinite
D) Spiral
E) none of the above
Q3) The Fibonacci sequence is defined as the sum of the two previous elements of the sequence, with the first and second numbers in the sequence being 0 and 1 respectively. Write a recursive method that computes the nth Fibonacci number.
Q4) What is recursion?
Q5) Write a recursive method that computes the sum of the first n integers.
Q6) Describe a recursive solution to determine whether a String object is a palindrome. You may assume that the string only contains lower case characters (i.e. no numbers, spaces, punctuation, etc). Hint: It may be easiest to describe your solution using pseudocode.
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Chapter 10: Exceptions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following exceptions are unchecked?
A) RuntimeException
B) IllegalAccessException
C) NoSuchMethodException
D) ClassNotFoundException
E) none of the above
Q2) Consider the following code fragment.
String s; for(int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++)
System.out.println(s.charAt(i));
What exception will be thrown by this code and why?
Q3) The Exception class is a subclass of the Object class.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A finally clause is always required in a try-catch block.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Is an exception an object? Explain.
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Chapter 12: Searching and Sorting
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a sorting algorithm?
A) Bubble sort
B) Quick sort
C) Merge sort
D) Selection sort
E) all of the above are sorting algorithms
Q2) What is the complexity of the following code (in terms of the length of the array)? for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) System.out.println(array[i]);
Q3) ____________________ is the process of arranging a group of items into a defined order.
A) Searching
B) Sorting
C) Selecting
D) Helping
E) none of the above
Q4) Write a method that accepts an integer and an array of integers, and returns true if the integer is contained in the array. The method should use a linear search.
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Chapter 13: Trees
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Q1) What is an internal node in a tree?
Q2) In an inorder traversal, the elements of a tree are visited in order of their distance from the root.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain the implementation of an postorder traversal.
Q4) Explain the implementation of a level-order traversal of a tree.
Q5) One method of implementing a tree using an array involves storing the child of the element at the index n in the array at indexes
A) n+1 and n+2
B) 2<sup>n</sup> and 2<sup>2n</sup>
C) 2n+1 and 2n+2
D) n-1 and n-2
E) none of the above will work
Q6) A binary tree is a tree in which any node can have at most two children.
A)True
B)False
Q7) If a tree has order 4, what does this mean?
Q8) What does it mean for a tree to be balanced?
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Chapter 14: Introduction to Collections and Stacks
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Q1) A postfix expression can be easily evaluated using a queue.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A stack is a ___________________ data structure.
A) LIFO
B) FIFO
C) link based
D) array based
E) none of the above
Q3) List the five basic operations on a queue.
Q4) A queue is the ideal collection to use when ____________________ .
A) implementing a radix sort
B) evaluating a postfix expression
C) evaluating an infix expression
D) implementing a quick sort
E) none of the above
Q5) What is wrong with implementing a queue via an array where index 0 represents the front of the queue?
Q6) List the five basic operations on a stack.
Q7) What is wrong with the java.util.Stack implementation of a stack?
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Chapter 15: Heaps and Priority Queues
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Q1) Which of the following is always true when adding an element to a heap?
A) The new element will always be a leaf.
B) The new element will always be the root.
C) The new element will always be an internal node.
D) The new element will always have 2 children.
E) none of the above is always true
Q2) What is a binary search tree?
Q3) Suppose we have a class called BinaryTree that includes a find method. If we extend the class to create a BinarySearchTree class, should we override the find method or use it as is? Explain.
Q4) A _____________________ is a tree whose elements are organized to facilitate finding a particular element when needed.
A) full tree
B) complete tree
C) binary tree
D) search tree
E) none of the above
Q5) Explain the process of removing an element from a binary search tree.
Q6) Explain how an element is added to a heap.
Q7) What is a heap?
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Chapter 16: Graphs
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Q1) Consider the following undirected graph. vertices: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 edges: (1,2),(3,4), (2,4), (2, 3) Is the graph acyclic?
Q2) What data structure is used to support a depth-first traversal of a graph?
Q3) A(n) _______________________ is one implementation of a graph where the graph is implemented as a linked structure, and each node contains a structure that contains links to all other nodes.
A) adjacency list
B) adjacency matrix
C) digraph list
D) graph node
E) none of the above
Q4) A spanning tree of a graph is a tree with that always has which of the following properties?
A) It includes some of the edges and some of the vertices of the graph.
B) It includes all of the edges and some of the vertices of the graph.
C) It includes some of the edges and all of the vertices of the graph.
D) It includes all of the edges and all of the vertices of the graph.
E) none of the above
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