Introduction to Pre-Kindergarten Education Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Pre-Kindergarten Education offers students a foundational overview of early childhood education, focusing on the developmental needs of children ages three to five. The course explores key philosophies, curriculum models, and instructional strategies that support the cognitive, social-emotional, and physical growth of young learners. Through examination of play-based learning, classroom management, family engagement, and assessment techniques, students gain an understanding of how to create inclusive, developmentally appropriate environments conducive to effective learning in pre-kindergarten settings.
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Teaching Young Children An Introduction 6th Edition by Michael L. Henniger
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Chapter 1: Overview of the Profession
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Q1) The role of an early childhood educator is to be all of the following except A)a facilitator of learning.
B)counselor to the children.
C)a family doctor.
D)janitor and cook.
E)an educational specialist.
Answer: C
Q2) The following are all characteristics of the Head Start and Early Head Start programs except
A)funded by parents paying tuition and private donations.
B)helps low-income children catch up academically.
C)emphasizes good health and provides resources and assistance with nutritional,dental,medical,and mental health needs.
D)provides opportunities for parent involvement.
E)assists parent in obtaining necessary social services.
Answer: A
Q3) Growing numbers of public schools now include pre-kindergarten program options.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Historical Contexts
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Q1) During World War II,child care programs like the one found at the Kaiser Shipyards in Portland,Oregon,offered all of the following except
A)located at work sites and open 24 hours a day.
B)inflexible attendance schedules.
C)infirmaries for sick children.
D)family consultants.
E)home food service.
Answer: B
Q2) The<i> No Child Left Behind Act</i> focuses on all of the following except
A)strengthening teacher quality by requiring states to put a highly qualified teacher in every classroom.
B)promoting English proficiency for limited-English-proficient students.
C)renewing interest to ensure all children can read.
D)reducing schools' access to federal and local funds.
Answer: D
Q3) David P.Weikart began the Perry Preschool Project in 1962.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Early Childhood Program Models
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Q1) The project approach is one cornerstone of the Reggio Emilia program.What do you see as the strengths of using projects? Are there potential problems? Identify a possible project for preschool children.What might some options be for a group of second graders?
Answer: Students should address elements of cooperation,collaboration and organization of Reggio.In addition,issues around these same concepts for preschooler could apply.With regard to second graders,the concepts of increased cooperation among peers,ability to organize information more succinctly and increased peer cooperation are apparent developmentally.When choosing projects,the concept of developmentally appropriate practice is paramount.
Q2) Waldorf education has roots in believes that loving relationships are essential in early childhood settings and are more important than actual activities and materials.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Why is documentation important in the Reggio Emilia program?
Answer: Documentation helps engage families and helps professionals use representations of learning to better understand children.
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Chapter 4: Understanding How a Child Develops and Learns
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Q1) Developmentally appropriate practice sounds like such a reasonable approach to teaching and learning.Yet,many public school teachers at the primary level are unaware of the important characteristics or don't use them in practice.Why do you think this is the case?
Q2) Which of the following theorists proposed a psychosocial theory suggesting that humans pass through a series of eight stages throughout life?
A)Erik Erikson
B)Jean Piaget
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Arnold Gesell
Q3) Infant and toddler development is characterized by
A)rapid growth,making the transition from dependency to more autonomous play and learning.
B)a series of milestones,entering school for the first time,and rapid development rate in comparison to preschoolers.
C)formal schooling,social development,and management of emotions.
D)concrete operational thinking.
Q4) Describe Piaget's view of the constructivist approach to learning and development.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Play in Childhood
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Q1) John Dewey described play as
A)free of consequences,light fashion,and the opposite of work.
B)the natural unfolding of the germinal leaves of childhood
C)process oriented.
D)dealing with unreachable wants and engaging in rule-bound behavior.
Q2) Adults can guide children's play in all of the following ways except
A)parallel play.
B)co-playing.
C)play inference.
D)play tutoring.
Q3) Emotional development is supported by play when it helps children
A)master emotional issues and helps children build self-concepts.
B)acquire large motor skills.
C)learn new mathematical concepts and skills.
D)master eye-hand coordination.
Q4) When children engage in parallel play,they:
A)play beside,but not with other children.
B)play with,but not beside other children.
C)play in adjacent centers or play spaces.
D)play with little awareness of children around them.
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Chapter 6: Guiding Young Children
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Q1) Why are transitions such an important part of a child's day? Considering both children and adults,what are some possible results of not "thinking through" and planning for transitions?
Q2) Rules are generally statements that start negatively such as "no running" or "don't run".
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the guidance techniques and/or discipline strategies discussed in your text are you most familiar with? Choose one technique or strategy and give a rationale for using this approach with young children.
Q4) Which of the following refers to directing or distracting the child from an undesirable behavior into a more appropriate activity?
A)Active listening
B)Redirection
C)"I-messages"
D)Time-out
Q5) What does it mean to be calm when you work with young children? Is it acceptable to show emotions in some situations? Give some examples.
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Chapter 7: Diversity and Young Children
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Q1) Talking about differences with children is developmentally appropriate practice. A)True
B)False
Q2) Can toys and games help promote an understanding of diversity? Give specific examples.
Q3) Do young children really notice differences between people? Can you give examples from your own experiences with children?
Q4) When children with and without disabilities work together,children with disabilities
A)are exposed to the negative effects of separate,segregated education.
B)receive unrealistic life experiences that limit their abilities to live in the community.
C)experience teachers who isolate them from the rest of the class.
D)have opportunities to develop friendships with typically developing peers.
Q5) Identify two visual accessories that may stimulate discussion and awareness of diversity issues.
Q6) Identify two meaningful diversity experiences.
Q7) What three components of spirituality are important to include in religiously diverse early learning settings?
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Chapter 8: Planning the Physical Environment: Indoors
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Q1) A rating tool developed for assessing the effectiveness of indoor space is called the A)Cryer Indoor Assessment Instrument.
B)Harms and Cryer Environment Rating Scale.
C)Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale.
D)Harms and Cryer Environment Assessment.
Q2) Unit blocks help young children learn the following about mathematics: A)multiplication.
B)classification.
C)number sense.
D)associativity.
Q3) NAEYC suggests providing a minimum of ____ square feet of indoor space for each child in a preschool or primary classroom.
A)25
B)55
C)75
D)35
Q4) There is no one best way to organize an early childhood environment.Why is this the case?
Q5) Define self-correcting toys.
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Chapter 9: Planning the Physical Environment: Outdoors
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Q1) Why is outdoor play such an important experience for young children? Give examples to highlight the points you make.
Q2) Which federal agency was responsible for the creation of voluntary playground safety guidelines?
Q3) It is recommended that adults consult with experts and remove which of the following toxic materials often found on playgrounds?
A)Cleaning products
B)Medication
C)Poisonous plants
D)Asbestos-laden walls.
Q4) Some basic considerations for making outdoor play space a quality one for children include:
A)limiting the amount of grassy area.
B)locating the outdoor space next to the indoor space.
C)not allowing for large group activity.
D)providing no cover area
Q5) Your text emphasizes the importance of having materials outdoors that children can manipulate.Is this really that important? Why or why not?
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Chapter 10: Developmentally Appropriate Curriculum
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Q1) Describe both formative and summative assessment.What are the differences? How will you determine which category a particular assessment falls under?
Q2) Essential considerations when planning developmentally appropriate curriculum include
A)understanding of child development and learning.
B)amount of work involved in record keeping.
C)working with administrators.
D)salary increments.
Q3) Early care and education professionals must base their planning on specific _____ characteristics of children
A)creative
B)developmental
C)personality
D)behavioral
Q4) Transition time in a routine can be spontaneous and does not need to be planned.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is a portfolio?
Q6) What is the difference between informal and formal observations of children?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Health and Wellness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Piaget believed that for the first 2 years of life,children engage in mostly sensory and motor experiences.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Increased emphasis on movement and physical activity for children can significantly help in the following areas:
A)reducing health risks due to high blood pressure and heart disease.
B)reducing the likelihood of Type 2 diabetes.
C)counterbalancing physical activity.
D)all of the above.
Q3) Define child neglect.
Q4) What is Fifth disease?
Q5) Personal hygiene activities,included in an early learning setting to help prevent illness might include
A)handwashing.
B)caring for a runny nose.
C)brushing teeth.
D)all of the above.
Q6) How can healthy adults impact young children?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Supporting Emotional and Social Development
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Q1) Many well-meaning adults say things like "Don't be sad" or "Stop crying." Based on information in your text,what is the problem with these kinds of statements? What would be some better ways of communicating with children about their feelings?
Q2) Self-concept is defined by how people feel about themselves and includes:
A)the belief that he/she can accomplish tasks and achieve goals
B)has no value by others
C)the degree to which people feel others control them
D)that goals and task accomplishment are hopeless
Q3) Emotional competence includes all of the following components except
A)emotional expressiveness
B)emotional knowledge
C)emotional awareness
D)emotional regulation
Q4) The process of socialization begins at birth and continues throughout childhood.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe two materials that could be used in the early learning environment for emotional development.
Q6) Name three strategies that build a positive climate or "friendly workplace"?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Mathematics,science,and Social Studies
Learning
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Q1) Examples of appropriate materials and activities that encourage patterning do not include
A)stringing beads in patterns.
B)constructing designs with pattern blocks.
C)categorizing objects based on color.
D)repeating clapping patterns.
E)building with unifix cubes.
Q2) Failure is difficult for young children and should be avoided in scientific investigations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Give an example of an appropriate measurement experience for preschool and kindergarten children.
Q4) The constructivist curriculum approach is
A)grounded in the developmental theories of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky.
B)grounded in the developmental theories of Sigmund Freud.
C)based on the theories of B.F.Skinner and J.Watson.
D)based on the theories of Arnold Gesell.
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Q5) Describe a good example of a chemistry experience for the early care and education environment.
Chapter 14: The Creative Arts
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Q1) Affective development refers to A)social skills.
B)emotional development.
C)cognitive growth.
D)cultural understandings.
Q2) Which of the following is not a characteristic of creative individuals,according to Torrance (1962)?
A)Curiosity,constantly ask meaningful questions and manipulate materials in the environment
B)Flexibility,when one approach to a problem doesn't work,they simply try something else
C)Sensitivity to problems,can sense missing elements and quickly identify problem situations
D)Dependence,comfortable only when working in a group they play with
Q3) For an idea to be creative it must be
A)easy and known.
B)difficult to understand and artistic.
C)unfamiliar and well known.
D)novel and appropriate.
Q4) How can music be used to teach cognitive concepts in an early childhood program?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Technology and Young Children
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Q1) NAEYC's position statement on developmental appropriateness of technology in the classroom suggests all of the following except
A)early care and education professionals must exercise professional judgment to ensure that each opportunity for computer use is age appropriate,individually appropriate,and sensitive to cultural diversity.
B)computers can stimulate cognitive and social development when used correctly.
C)software selected for use should include stereotyping and the use of violence as a problem-solving strategy.
D)computers should be integrated into the early childhood setting and used by children as simply another learning option.
Q2) Discuss the benefits and concerns of using Internet websites as part of a quality early learning experience.
Q3) Beginning as infants,children are exposed to television viewing,computers,cell phones,and electronic toys.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the three roles for caregivers and teachers as they interact with children using computers?
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