Introduction to Political Science
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Political Science provides a foundational overview of the structures, processes, and concepts that define the field of political science. This course explores the nature and functions of government, the comparison of political systems, and the examination of political behavior and ideologies. Students will analyze key topics such as democracy, authoritarianism, international relations, public policy, and the role of political institutions. Through historical context and contemporary examples, the course equips students with the analytical tools necessary to understand political dynamics at local, national, and global levels.
Recommended Textbook Struggle for Democracy 2012 Election Edition 11th Edition by Edward S. Greenberg
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18 Chapters
1872 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Democracy and American Politics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Taken together, political equality and equal treatment are sometimes called
Answer: civil rights
Q2) Which of the following would be considered a free election?
A) one in which voters directly select policy
B) one in which each major party has a viable candidate
C) one in which election rules favor the incumbent party
D) one in which the costs of the campaign were paid for with public funds
E) one in which there is no coercion of voters or election officials
Answer: E
Q3) Freedom of speech, religion, association, and the press are examples of which of the following?
A) civil rights
B) state mandates
C) nonexclusionary rights
D) political liberties
E) absolute equalities
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: The Constitution
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order for a democracy to work, elections must be which of the following?
A) fair
B) inexpensive
C) hotly contested
D) frequent
E) high-profile
Answer: A
Q2) Which Continental Congress approved the Declaration of Independence?
A) Second
B) Third
C) Fourth
D) Fifth
E) Tenth
Answer: A
Q3) A constitution is a written document establishing the structure, functions, and limitations of a government.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Federalism: States and Nation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Republicans' 1994 Contract with America prevented Congress from passing costly federal programs without a debate about how to __________ them.
A) expense
B) repay
C) fund
D) support
E) refurbish
Answer: C
Q2) Any power not specifically delegated to the states by the Constitution is reserved to the national government.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) In a unitary system of government, the state and local governments derive their powers from a centralized national government.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Structural Foundations of American
Government and Politics
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are Americans' concerns about outsourcing? Are they justified?
Q2) Members of which of the following groups are least likely to be in poverty?
A) blacks
B) children
C) Hispanics
D) single-parent, female-headed households
E) the elderly
Q3) Which of the following candidates is most likely to win an election in the United States?
A) one who celebrates ordinary Americans
B) one who espouses collectivism
C) one who flaunts Ivy League credentials
D) one who received campaign contributions from the Godless Americans PAC
E) one who trusts government
Q4) The fact that you can buy a Starbucks coffee at a shopping mall in Saudi Arabia is a sign of the new world economic order, also known as __________.
Q5) Describe the roles that sourcing, outsourcing, and globalization played in the construction of Boeing's 787 Dreamliner.
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Q6) Can the United States still be considered the only superpower? Why or why not?
Chapter 5: Public Opinion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast the different agents of political socialization.
Q2) Which of the following population groups is the more solidly Democratic than the others?
A) African Americans
B) women
C) Jews
D) blue-collar workers
E) non-white Catholics
Q3) Public opinion refers to certain core beliefs that most American share about the nature of human beings, society, and the political order.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Who famously described public opinion as "that great compound of folly, weakness, prejudice, wrong feeling, right feeling, [and] obstinacy"?
A) Alexander Hamilton
B) Walter Lippmann
C) James Madison
D) Sir Robert Peel
E) Sir William Penn
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Chapter 6: The News Media
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108 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Three roles of the news media in a(n) __________ is to make clear what electoral choices the public has, what political parties stand for, and who the candidates are.
Q2) How did the framing of television news coverage affect the way Americans viewed the Hurricane Katrina disaster?
A) In reporting on victims searching for food, whites were framed as foragers, blacks as looters.
B) New Orleans was framed as a diverse city where race had become irrelevant.
C) The government response was framed as heroic and well-planned.
D) Private charities were framed as more effective than the government.
E) Victims were framed as irresponsible for failing to evacuate before the storm.
Q3) Where is freedom of the press guaranteed?
A) Declaration of Independence
B) Article V of the Constitution
C) First Amendment
D) Fourth Amendment
E) common law
Q4) Define the "horse race" concept, and explain the implications of the horse race as a media focus.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Interest Groups and Business Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a trade association?
A) a coalition of public interest groups in a specific policy area, such as environmental policy
B) an organization that coordinates exchanges of information and resources among multiple interest groups
C) a type of labor union
D) an organization that represents businesses within a specific industry
E) an organization that represents the federal government during the negotiation of international trade agreements
Q2) How is lobbying Congress similar to lobbying the courts?
A) Both involve lobbying related to pending legislation.
B) Both involve use of PAC contributions to gain access to decision makers (i.e., legislators and judges).
C) Both are examples of "the inside game."
D) Both typically involve grassroots lobbying.
E) Both depend on building personal relationships with decision makers (i.e., legislators and judges).
Q3) Discuss the relationship between lobbyists and the executive branch in terms of what each offers the other.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Social Movements
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Sample Questions
Q1) How have different social movements exploited or used their ideas of political efficacy to effect social change? How have ideas about political efficacy in the United States changed from social movement to social movement? In your opinion, has political efficacy increased or decreased over time? Is this due to a change in the factors that give rise to social movements? Include at least three social movements over time in your discussion.
Q2) According to the "Using the Framework" feature, tolerance of alternative lifestyles increases as __________.
A) education increases
B) integration increases
C) women's rights increase
D) conservatism increases
E) media coverage increases
Q3) Movements can be considered successful even if no new legislation is passed or no legislation is changed.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain how social movements affect democracy and explain how the women's movement and the civil rights movement have affected democracy.
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Chapter 9: Political Parties
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes how political parties help to keep elected officials responsive to citizens' needs?
A) by reducing tension between Congress and the president when both are from the same party
B) by allowing voters to determine which office holder is responsible for a success or failure
C) by creating a coalition government in which officials of both parties share credit and blame
D) by allowing voters to hold office holders accountable in a collective fashion
E) by creating competition that attracts attention and gets people involved in politics
Q2) What important power do national party committees wield?
A) direction for campaign media and funding
B) direction for policy in legislation and the platform
C) direction and confirmation of presidential nominees
D) veto wielder over presidential nominations
E) veto wielder over policy platform items
Q3) How has the nomination process moved over time from being party-centered to being candidate-centered?
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Chapter 10: Voting, Campaigns, and Elections
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Sample Questions
Q1) After obtaining congressional control in 2010, Republicans passed laws requiring government-issued photo IDs in many states for voting.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Under which of the following circumstances would the House of Representatives be most likely to select the president because the Electoral College did not produce a majority winner?
A) during wartime
B) when the public is particularly distrustful of government
C) when there are three or more candidates receiving Electoral College votes
D) when the public is polarized by party
E) during divided government
Q3) Voter __________ is measured by the number of people who vote in an election, divided by the number of people who were eligible to vote.
A) enthusiasm
B) malaise
C) turnout
D) access
E) registration
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Congress
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Sample Questions
Q1) In congressional hearings, testimony taken from government agencies, like the Governmental Accountability Office (GAO), is often used for __________.
A) collecting information and sending messages to the executive branch
B) collecting information and sending messages to the bureaucracy
C) sending messages to the executive branch and bureaucracy
D) sending messages to the judiciary and executive branches
E) sending messages to the public and state bureaucracies
Q2) The opposite of packing a district is __________, in which a homogenous voting block is split apart.
Q3) To make law is exceedingly difficult; to block bills from becoming laws is relatively easy
A)True
B)False
Q4) The majority party in the __________ selects the president pro tempore (usually its most senior member).
Q5) __________ committees are standing committees that include members from both houses of Congress, and are set up to conduct investigations or special studies.
Q6) Describe majority-minority districts and explain their purpose(s).
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Chapter 12: The Presidency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements provides the best characterization of the members of the White House staff?
A) The White House staff is a loose collection of bureaucrats who are loyal to executive agencies.
B) The White House staff is composed of individuals personally and politically close to the president chosen specifically to serve the president's needs.
C) The White House staff is composed of policy specialists who have little personal loyalty to the president.
D) The White House staff is the link between executive agencies in the bureaucracy and Congress.
E) The White House staff advises members of the Cabinet on how best to serve the needs of president.
Q2) The president would seek the advice of the __________ regarding how much the administration should propose to spend for each government program.
Q3) Congress has the sole authority to declare war.
A)True
B)False
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Page 14
Chapter 13: The Executive Branch
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Sample Questions
Q1) Imagine there is a need for a new executive branch of government that is designed to protect Americans and their computers from cyber attacks and issue warnings to the public about possible threats. What type of organization would be formed to accommodate this need?
A) a foundation
B) a government corporation
C) a quasi-governmental organization
D) a volunteer army
E) an independent regulatory commission
Q2) One purpose of the Administrative Procedure Act is to __________.
A) ensure opportunities for public participation in the rule-making process
B) give federal agencies greater discretion in the rule-making process
C) streamline bureaucratic activities in the rule-making process
D) give the president greater control over the rule-making process
E) discourage agencies from drafting new regulations
Q3) Independent regulatory commissions differ from independent agencies in that they are less subject to presidential control.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the potential advantages and disadvantages of privatization.
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Chapter 14: The Courts
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are amicus curiae briefs and what purpose do they serve? Why would a party want to be amicus curiae in a case?
Q2) The conference of the U.S. Supreme Court is __________.
A) open to the justices and the public
B) limited to the justices themselves
C) open to the justices and other court staff
D) open to the justices and the president
E) open to the justices and all members of Congress
Q3) How are nominees to the federal district courts selected?
Q4) Proponents of which of the following believe that judges should use their power broadly to further justice?
A) judicial restraint
B) judicial constructionism
C) judicial activism
D) judicial originalism
E) judicial implementation
Q5) The solicitor general handles all appeals on behalf of the __________ before the Supreme Court.
Q6) Describe the strict construction (or original intent) judicial philosophy.
Q7) Describe the "dual system" of justice in the United States.
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Chapter 15: Civil Liberties: the Struggle for Freedom
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Sample Questions
Q1) The USA Patriot Act enhances the government's ability to do which of the following?
A) examine private records
B) take personal property
C) imprison citizens without trial
D) indict foreign enemies
E) control public schooling
Q2) Miranda rights include the right to which of the following?
A) a phone call
B) due process
C) a jury trial
D) be free from search and seizure
E) counsel
Q3) In recent years, the Supreme Court has __________ constraints on aid to parochial schools and voucher programs.
Q4) Is the right to privacy in the Constitution?
Q5) One prong of the Lemon test is that the law has a __________ secular purpose.
Q6) Under the Lemon test, the government must not foster _____________ between the state and religion.
Q7) How has the Supreme Court responded to religion in public schools?
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Civil Rights: the Struggle for Political Equality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of the U.S. Constitution?
A) It pays little attention to guarantees of equality, and even includes provisions sustaining the institution of slavery and the noncitizen status of Native Americans.
B) It declares that all men are created equal and have rights, but the framers meant men and not women, since they believed a woman's place is in the home.
C) It pays little attention to guarantees of rights, but does include provisions about equality that have led civil rights leaders to declare that equal people should have equal rights.
D) It pays little attention to guarantees of equality, but does include provisions condemning slavery and promoting citizen status for Native Americans.
E) It declares that all men are created equal and have rights, but leaves out any mention of slaves, women, and Native Americans.
Q2) The __________ is the government agency that hears complaints filed by those who believe they have been sexually harassed at work.
Q3) Compare and contrast the due process clause and the equal protection clause in the Constitution.
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Chapter 17: Domestic Policies
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are social safety net programs? Describe how the U.S. safety net differs from that found in other rich democracies in terms of cost, reach, generosity of programs across age groups, the role played by private employers, and the extent to which the programs reduce economic inequality.
Q2) Which is true of presidents dealing with economic crises?
A) Both Democratic and Republican presidents have taken actions to stimulate the economy.
B) Democratic presidents have taken actions to stimulate the economy, but Republican presidents have not.
C) Republican presidents have taken actions to stimulate the economy, but Democratic presidents have not.
D) Neither Democratic nor Republican presidents have taken actions to stimulate the economy.
E) No presidents have had to deal with economic crises.
Q3) Keynesians would likely approve of the recent government stimulus package passed by Congress to deal with the economic crisis of the Great Recession.
A)True
B)False
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19
Chapter 18: Foreign Policy and National Defense
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is unilateralism? How was it apparent in U.S. foreign policy making in regard to the war in Iraq? How have unilateral actions prompted anti-Americanism around the globe?
Q2) What is the primary responsibility of the secretary of defense?
A) foreign policy
B) intelligence
C) diplomacy
D) homeland security
E) military policy
Q3) Given the size of its economy and increased globalization, U.S. foreign policy toward __________ is motivated primarily by trade policy.
Q4) Which of the following is the most heavily involved in gathering and analyzing information about foreign governments?
A) the Secret Service
B) the Department of the Treasury
C) the National Security Agency
D) the Transportation Safety Administration
E) the Department of State
Q5) How is terrorism fundamentally different from traditional military action?
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