Introduction to Political Science
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Political Science offers students a foundational understanding of political systems, processes, and concepts. The course examines the nature of politics, the function and structure of governments, the behavior of individuals and groups within political systems, and the role of public institutions. By exploring key theories, ideologies, and comparative systems, students gain insight into how political power is distributed and exercised globally. The course also introduces methods of political analysis and encourages critical thinking about contemporary political issues, preparing students for further study in political science and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
American Government and Politics Today The Essentials 17th Edition by Barbara A. Bardes
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15 Chapters
1059 Verified Questions
1059 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Democratic Republic
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Sample Questions
Q1) The following statement would be compatible with __________ ideology. "The government should have no role in providing health care for the country. People should provide their own health care."
A) liberal
B) conservative
C) communist
D) socialist
E) extreme liberal
Answer: B
Q2) A procedure allowing the people to vote to dismiss an elected official from state office before his or her term has expired is called
A) a referendum.
B) direct democracy.
C) a recall.
D) an initiative.
E) popular sovereignty.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Constitution
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Articles of Confederation
A) provided for a bicameral legislature.
B) established a strong executive branch.
C) allowed the states to retain most of the power.
D) created a way to raise taxes to fund an army.
E) ended slavery.
Answer: C
Q2) The number of electors required to win the presidential election is
A) 270.
B) 470.
C) 170.
D) 720.
E) 538.
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Federalism
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Sample Questions
Q1) State cannot use their reserved or concurrent powers to thwart national policies due to the
A) Bill of Rights.
B) supremacy clause.
C) necessary and proper clause.
D) elastic clause.
E) unitary system of government.
Answer: C
Q2) The necessary and proper clause of the Constitution was first used by the Supreme Court in what case to develop the concept of implied powers?
A) Marbury v. Madison
B) McCulloch v. Maryland
C) Madison v. Jefferson
D) Gibbons v. Ogden
E) California v. Miller.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Civil Liberties
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Sample Questions
Q1) Under which circumstances is the government able to interfere with freedom of speech?
Q2) The 1994 Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act
A) was found unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
B) prohibits protestors from blocking entrances to abortion clinics.
C) prohibits protestors from speaking to patients entering abortion clinics.
D) cannot be used to establish "buffer zones" around clinics.
E) Options A and B are true.
Q3) The Supreme Court reintroduced the bad tendency rule in 1969 which
A) modified the clear and present danger rule.
B) placed limitations on speech if such expressions might lead to some "evil."
C) allowed the police to round up teenagers who might be gang members for wearing tattoos.
D) Options A and B are true.
E) All of the above are true.
Q4) Explain how the Fourteenth Amendment and incorporation theory affected the Bill of Rights.
Q5) Describe the religious freedom protections afforded in the First Amendment of the Bill of Rights.
Page 6
Q6) Explain the positions of those for and those against the Patriot Act.
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Chapter 5: Civil Rights
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast the struggle for women's rights with the struggle for civil rights.
Q2) In 2003, the United States Supreme Court considered two different admissions policies adopted at the University of Michigan Law School and
A) for the first time, ruled that an affirmative action was unconstitutional.
B) ruled that "diversity" could not be a compelling government interest.
C) approved affirmative action plans that took race into consideration as part of a complete examination of the applicant's background.
D) approved a plan that automatically awarded points toward admission to minority applicants.
E) ruled that the time had come for all affirmative action programs to end, since government could do nothing more to alleviate the effects of past discrimination.
Q3) Explain the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education and the impact it had on education and the new problems it created.
Q4) Explain the difference between de jure and de facto segregation. Provide examples of each in practice,
Q5) Contrast the approaches of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Public Opinion and Political Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process by which people acquire political beliefs and attitudes is called
A) opinion leadership.
B) political socialization.
C) agenda setting.
D) peer grouping.
E) consensus building.
Q2) The gender gap
A) was first revealed in polling in the 1980s.
B) was first revealed in polling in the 1960s.
C) is the difference between the percentage of women and men who vote for a particular candidate.
D) is the difference between the number of men and women who turn out to vote in elections.
E) Options A and C are true.
Q3) Which institutions in the United States hold American's trust and which do not? Explain the reasons why some institutions are held in high esteem and others are not.
Q4) Describe the significance and possible origins of the gender gap.
Q5) Describe the concept of a generational effect and provide examples of its impact on public opinion.
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Chapter 7: Interest Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Sierra Club and the Nature Conservancy are examples of A) agricultural interest groups.
B) interest groups of professionals.
C) economic interest groups.
D) environmental interest groups.
E) public interest groups.
Q2) Interest groups attain a reputation for being powerful through all of the following \(\bold{except}\)
A) their membership size.
B) their financial resources.
C) cohesiveness.
D) charismatic leadership.
E) their willingness to formally link themselves to a specific party.
Q3) Groups recognize that the greatest concern of legislators is to A) support the principles of their political party.
B) be reelected.
C) vote for the ideas of the constituents.
D) be totally informed on issues they will have to vote on.
E) please the congressional leadership.
Q4) Explain the factors that make an interest group powerful.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Political Parties
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Sample Questions
Q1) In regard to cultural politics which is true?
A) Economic conservatism is associated with higher incomes.
B) Social conservatism is more common among lower income groups.
C) Cultural conservatives view themselves as embattled "ordinary Americans" under threat from liberal, cosmopolitan elites.
D) The election of President Obama and a Democratic Congress magnified conservatives fear, resulting in the Tea Party movement.
E) All the above are true.
Q2) The major functions of American political parties are carried out by
A) elected party leaders.
B) leaders chosen by the President.
C) a small, relatively loose-knit nucleus of party activists.
D) a large group of highly organized volunteers.
E) dues-paying members.
Q3) Why do we only have two major parties? Explain the circumstances that have perpetuated the two-party system.
Q4) How can an individual voter become involved with a political party? Outline some party activities that are available for individual voters.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Campaigns, Elections, and the Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) Becoming a critical news viewer requires that you
A) compare and contrast news from one source.
B) compare and contrast news from many different sources.
C) analyze the news from your ideological vantage-point.
D) analyze the news for foreign influences.
E) compare and contrast the news only from American outlets.
Q2) Newspapers online
A) sell enough advertising to cover their costs.
B) cover all of their costs by requiring all viewers to buy a subscription.
C) lose advertising revenue to services like Google and Yahoo.
D) provide content for free to services like Google and Yahoo.
E) All of the above are true.
Q3) What should be the qualifications for voting in the United States? How tight should election rules be to prevent voter fraud? What would you do to prevent voter fraud?
Q4) Describe the steps you can take to become a critical news consumer.
Q5) Explain how the electoral college works, the situations in which it has produced controversial results, and the criticisms leveled against it.
Q6) Explain the ways in which new media (Internet, blogs, podcasts) are used in campaigns.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: The Congress
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Sample Questions
Q1) The president of the Senate is
A) an honorary position held by the most senior member of the majority party.
B) the vice president of the United States.
C) third in line to succeed the president.
D) selected by party leaders in the Senate.
E) the president of the United States.
Q2) The real leadership power in the Senate rests in the hands of the
A) president of the Senate.
B) president pro tempore of the Senate.
C) senator designate selected by the president.
D) Senate majority leader.
E) speaker of the Senate.
Q3) Compare the House of Representatives and the Senate by discussing four ways in which they are different.
Q4) The Speaker of the House and the Senate majority leader
A) influence committee assignments and schedule legislation for debate.
B) are elected to these constitutional jobs by the entire House and Senate.
C) are the longest-serving members of the Senate and House.
D) are symbolic positions.
E) All of the above are true.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The President
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Sample Questions
Q1) Informal advisors to the president are called
A) FOP, or Friends of the President.
B) the kitchen cabinet.
C) the Executive Counsel.
D) the cabinet.
E) the brain trust.
Q2) The Constitution gives the vice president
A) the job of presiding over the Senate and voting in case of a tie.
B) many responsibilities independent of presidential authority.
C) the job of chief of staff to the president.
D) the right to use the veto if he has the approval of the president.
E) Options A and D are true.
Q3) Which action(s) is (are) part of the president's role as commander in chief?
A) President Clinton meeting with heads of other countries
B) President Reagan signing a law allowing the United States to give aid to Egypt
C) President Ford pardoning President Nixon for his involvement in Watergate
D) President Bush ordering the invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan
E) All are part of the president's role as commander in chief.
Q4) Analyze the president's functions as party chief and superpolitician.
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Chapter 12: The Bureaucracy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true?
A) A release of classified information that may endanger American soldiers is called whistleblowing.
B) A release of classified information that may endanger American soldiers is called a leak.
C) A release of information that calls attention to inefficiency or illegal action is called whistleblowing.
D) The Obama administration has charged fewer people with leaking government secrets than most previous presidencies.
E) Options B and C are true.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true about federal spending?
A) The Social Security Administration administers Social Security and Medicare benefits.
B) The U.S. Postal Service employees comprise 50 percent of the federal workforce.
C) The U.S. Postal Service has been self-supporting for decades.
D) About 50 percent of all government spending goes to the elderly each year.
E) Veteran's services make up about five percent of annual federal spending.
Q3) Describe the pros and cons of India's biometric ID system.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: The Courts
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Supreme Court cases, Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission and McDonald v. Chicago, were victories for the
A) political left.
B) political right.
C) gun control advocates.
D) government reform advocates.
E) Options A and C are true.
Q2) Case law
A) plays a minor role in decisions made by the courts.
B) includes judicial interpretations of common law principles and doctrines.
C) includes interpretations of constitutional provisions, statues, and administrative agency.
D) rules are determined by the president and Congress.
E) Options B and C are true.
Q3) Describe the process of appointing judges to the federal courts. Explain how the process is fraught with partisan bickering.
Q4) Explain the process by which the United States Supreme Court decides to hear cases.
Q5) How do recent Supreme Court decisions show how the Court has moved rightward?
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Chapter 14: Domestic and Economic Policy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true?
A) A recession is defined as two or more successive quarters in which the economy shrinks instead of grows.
B) A recession is defined as two or more quarters in which unemployment rates are above 7 percent.
C) Unemployment is defined as the total number of workers who are not in the work force in any given quarter.
D) Inflation is defined as a sudden rise in prices for hot commodities like gasoline and electronics.
E) All of the above are true.
Q2) The highest rate of taxation that one pays on the last dollar they make is called the A) progressive tax rate.
B) regressive tax rate.
C) marginal tax rate.
D) tax liability rate.
E) temporary tax rate.
Q3) Describe the measures in recent health care reform legislation that was passed by Congress, which takes effect in 2014.
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16
Chapter 15: Foreign Policy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The State Department is
A) directly responsible to Congress.
B) not involved in short-term foreign policy.
C) the executive agency that is most directly concerned with foreign affairs.
D) responsible for making foreign policy, not the president.
E) one of the largest cabinet departments.
Q2) Describe the difference between moral idealism and political realism and provide examples of each from the history of American foreign policy.
Q3) Diplomacy refers to
A) a title given to senior members of the State Department.
B) a philosophy that sees nations as normally willing to cooperate.
C) formal public meetings held by heads of government.
D) the settling of disputes and conflicts among nations by peaceful methods.
E) the manner in which the armed forces are deployed.
Q4) Describe U.S. efforts to handle international issues with diplomacy rather than armed force. In your examples, were these efforts largely successful or failures?
Q5) Explain the constitutional clash of powers between the president and Congress in the area of foreign policymaking.
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