Introduction to Political Science
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Political Science provides a foundational understanding of the principles, theories, and structures that shape political systems and influence political behavior globally. The course explores the major subfields of political science such as comparative politics, international relations, political theory, and public administration while examining key concepts like power, governance, state, democracy, and political participation. Students are introduced to analytical methods for assessing political phenomena and are encouraged to critically evaluate contemporary issues and current events through the lens of political science. By the end of the course, students develop a broad perspective on how governments operate, how policies are formulated, and the roles citizens play in political processes.
Recommended Textbook
An Introduction to Government and Politics A Conceptual Approach 9th Edition by Brenda O'Neill
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Government and Politics
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Sample Questions
Q1) For a group to be considered political,members must share a common,spoken language.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Government is best defined as:
A) Coalitions built in order to increase the rank of an individual.
B) Rules that dictate who makes policy decisions.
C) A machine that makes decisions for a community.
D) A stable moment in the political process.
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following is NOT an example of an organizational coalition?
A) School boards come together to pressure the provincial government for more money.
B) Provincial governments come together to pressure the federal government for more money.
C) Teachers from different schools decide to work together in order to pressure the school board for more money.
D) Trade unions support school boards in a labour dispute.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Power, Legitimacy, and Authority
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Canada and Great Britain,authority is still primarily traditional.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following is NOT an example of government coercion?
A) Charging fines for parking violations
B) Physically retaining prisoners
C) Running effective political campaigns during elections
D) Sentencing criminals to community service terms
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following relationships is an example of natural authority?
A) the police and the public
B) an older brother and his younger sibling
C) a sergeant and a private in the army
D) a manager and a worker in a factory
Answer: B
Q4) Influence is defined as the ability to persuade others to do your will.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Sovereignty, State and Citizenship
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Jean Bodin,writing in the late 1500s,how did sovereignty originate?
A) It originated in the medieval papacy and was based on the undivided powers of the Pope.
B) It originated in Roman law and was based on the undivided powers of the government.
C) It originated in the rules of conduct and was based on the uniform conduct of citizens.
D) It originated in the stateless society and was based on the traditional inheritance of authority.
Answer: B
Q2) Many groups seek to obtain member status within the United Nations.What is the main reason for wanting this recognition?
A) The United Nations is the largest international organization.
B) The United Nations has the ability to give out important resources.
C) Membership in the United Nations prevents states from failing.
D) Membership in the United Nations means states are considered sovereign.
Answer: D
Q3) The decision making structure and process of the state is known as ________.
Answer: government
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Chapter 4: The Nation
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Q1) The Québécois regard themselves as a ________,one of the two founding ________ of Canada.
Q2) French Canadians are often regarded by English Canadians as an ethnic group,although at least in Quebec,they see themselves as the Québécois nation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which term best describes North and South Korea?
A) binational states
B) bistate nations
C) multi-state nations
D) multinational states
Q4) In fall 2006,the Canadian House of Commons recognized that the Québécois form what?
A) an ethnic group
B) a government
C) a province
D) a nation
Q5) The nation,like the participatory state,is a product of modern ________ history.
Q6) Compare the differences between ethnic nations and civic nations.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Political Culture and Socialization
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Q1) One of the ways we can measure social capital is to study bowling.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Fragmented political cultures display high levels of citizen engagement.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The concepts of subject,collectivist,and polyarchal culture are similar in that they all describe active citizen engagement.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare and contrast polyarchal,fragmented,and collectivist political cultures.Where would Canada fit in this classification?
Q5) Perhaps the most important problem with multiculturalism is that its declared objective is to nourish separate identities among immigrants and newcomers,thereby undermining national unity.
A)True
B)False
Q6) According to Putnam,the decline in ___________ can be explained in part by the fact that Americans are ___________ alone.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of legislation?
A) A king writes down specific rules about trespassing in various locations
B) A court case from 1690 about trespassing on a farm is used to decide a case in 1990 about trespassing on an apple orchard.
C) All members of a society agree not to trespass on each other's property.
D) The Golden Rule is used to justify anti-trespassing rules.
Q2) What period of history saw the origins of the common law system of England?
A) the Age of Absolutism
B) the Norman conquest
C) the Roman conquest
D) the Glorious Revolution
Q3) The general rule is that _________ law retains its validity until the _________ displaces it with _________ law.
Q4) Should the law lead or follow public opinion (or social change)?
Q5) What is the relationship between legislation and common law in Canada?
A) Both have their own important role in the legal system.
B) Legislation is quickly taking over the common law tradition.
C) The common law tradition makes legislation difficult.
D) Early legislation makes the use of common law difficult.
Q6) Compare and contrast the concepts of common law and a civil code.
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Chapter 7: Constitutionalism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of the major functions of a constitution?
A) It distinguishes between private and public law.
B) It allocates powers to different levels of government.
C) It establishes rules and responsibilities of the executive and judiciary.
D) It limits the power that can be exercised by government.
Q2) Define and explain the significance of recognized procedure.
Q3) Which of the following is the best example of a convention?
A) A President has the power to appoint Supreme Court judges because the first President's father was a judge.
B) A President has the power to appoint Supreme Court judges because she represents the will of the people.
C) A President appoints Supreme Court judges one day because she feels like it.
D) A President dictates that meetings concerning the appointment of Supreme Court judges must not happen before lunchtime.
Q4) The Constitution Act of ________ lists and confirms the pre-existing constitutional rights in Canada but also introduces the ____________________ as an instrument that limits the powers of federal and provincial governments.
Q5) __________ is a form of peaceful protest where the aim is to be arrested
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Chapter 8: Cooperation under Anarchy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Unites Nations functions like a parliamentary government,except states are the representatives,not individuals.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What was the main difference between the UNEP conferences in Rio and Kyoto?
A) Rio produced a non-binding agreement while Kyoto required specific actions to be taken.
B) Rio was influenced by the UN Framework on Climate Change and Kyoto was driven by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
C) Rio focussed on developing nations, while Kyoto focussed on developed states.
D) Rio had 156 participating nations, while Kyoto had 37.
Q3) If a national leader wishes to sign on to an international initiative,what is the best first step to take?
A) ensure that the agreement is not legally binding
B) inform the public only once the agreement has been signed
C) convince the executive that such an action is necessary
D) convince the citizens of the state that such an action is desirable
Q4) States must deal not only with other states,but with non-state actors such as ___________ and __________.
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Chapter 9: Ideology
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Q1) What did Antoine Destutt de Tracy mean by the term "ideology"?
A) the study of human consciousness
B) the study of doxa
C) the study of episteme
D) false consciousness
Q2) The word ideology was coined during the latter days of the English Revolution.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the main goal of the Bloc Quebecois?
A) to foster communist ideology in Canada
B) to promote social democratic ideas in Quebec
C) to represent Quebec within Canada
D) to turn Quebec into a sovereign nation
Q4) Islamic nations believe in the separation of mosque and state.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Do the ideologies of nationalism,feminism,and environmentalism fit onto the standard left-right spectrum?
Q6) Compare Marx and de Tracy on ideology.
Q7) Compare unidimensional and multidimensional analyses of ideologies.
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Chapter 10: Liberalism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following examples is most clearly related to Locke's ideas?
A) The right to bear arms.
B) The right to political protest.
C) The right to education
D) The right to healthcare
Q2) In which book were the ideas of the Glorious Revolution expressed in?
A) Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations.
B) John Locke's Second Treatise of Government.
C) John Stuart Mill's On Representative Government.
D) Marx and Engels' Communist Manifesto.
Q3) Which of the following would a reform liberal probably LEAST favour?
A) extending voting rights to prisoners
B) giving tax breaks to single mothers
C) regulating prices for staple foods like milk and bread
D) creating private competition in the healthcare field to ensure the best quality care
Q4) Liberalism is known for its commitment to equality of result.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Are the ideas of J.M.Keynes relevant today?
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Chapter 11: Conservatism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast Burkean conservatism and social conservatism.Are they related to other ideologies?
Q2) Despite their differences,economic conservatives,fiscal conservatives,social conservatives,classical liberals,and libertarians have very similar beliefs regarding the role of government in the economy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the central belief of social conservatism?
A) society should not change
B) society must be protected through the use of force
C) individual desires are less important than the common good D) society is ordered by God
Q4) The selling off of public goods to the private sector is known as ____________,and the lifting of government controls on market activity is called
Q5) Which of the following leaders was NOT one of the Liberal leaders of the 1990s?
A) Jean Chretien
B) Tony Blaire
C) Bill Clinton
D) Pierre Eliot Trudeau
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Socialism and Communism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Marx didn't necessarily believe in violence; he argued that in constitutional states with a parliamentary system socialism could be achieved through democratic elections.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is NOT an example of modern social democratic planning?
A) Reserving seats in the House of Commons for aboriginal MPs.
B) Taxing tobacco to fund healthcare programs.
C) Subsidising local farmers to make them competitive with international markets.
D) Dictating amounts of key resources to be produced by the industry.
Q3) Socialism could only be created by the political victory of the industrial working class.Who reached this conclusion?
A) Robert Owen
B) Karl Marx
C) Charles Fourier
D) Henri Saint-Simon
Q4) In your opinion,is communism as an ideological and political form dead? Has liberalism triumphed as the only workable modern ideology?
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Chapter 13: Nationalism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the historical connection of liberalism and nationalism.Why did the two ideologies complement each other?
Q2) Among the ugliest manifestations of nationalism were anti-semitism,genocide,and the belief in racial superiority.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the relationship between nationalism and other ideologies? What would socialist,liberal,or conservative nationalism look like?
Q4) Who said "we must separate once and for all the concepts of state and nation "?
A) René Lévesque
B) J.S. Mill
C) Pierre Trudeau
D) Lord Acton
Q5) Which of the following situations is most in line with Lord Acton's ideas?
A) multiculturalism
B) oppression of minorities
C) separatism
D) irredentism
Q6) Compare Canadian nationalism and American nationalism.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Feminism
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Sample Questions
Q1) In its 1929 landmark ruling,the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (then Canada's highest court of appeal)declared that women were persons.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Mary Wollstonecraft wrote a book entitled A Vindication of the Rights of Woman,and she was the mother of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley,who wrote the novel Frankenstein.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Unlike other ideologies whose roots go back to the seventeenth century,feminism is an entirely new ideology.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The main concern of second-wave feminism was to re-examine sex roles and,in particular,how laws and institutions excluded women from the public sphere.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Define and explain the significance of radical feminism.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Environmentalism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Even if environmentalists are rarely elected to political positions in Canada,have they been able to influence policy development? If so,how?
Q2) Conservationism is an attempt to manage resources for human use in order to derive maximum benefit.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Compare and contrast the anthropocentric and ecocentric approaches to the environment.
Q4) What is the most fundamental reason that deep ecology differs from liberalism?
A) It is ecocentric, not anthropocentric; it posits inherent values outside human experience.
B) Its case rests on the intrinsic importance of nature, not on whether humans use it.
C) It considers the well-being, rights, and interests of non-human life.
D) It is a radical challenge to the civilization that has generated all other ideologies.
Q5) In ______ the first ___________ was founded in New Zealand as the Values Party.
Q6) Discuss the success and failure of environmentalist political parties and advocacy groups.
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Chapter 16: Classification of Political Systems
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Q1) A philosopher-king is someone who is so wise that he rules by personal judgment alone,rather than the constraint of law.Who was the first philosopher to advocate this form of rule?
A) Aristotle
B) Plato
C) Socrates
D) Hobbes
Q2) Why might Plato and Aristotle be confused by countries that consider themselves democracies today?
A) They do not suffer from corruption or the ambitions of individuals.
B) They all subscribe to some form of rule of law, even if it is imperfect.
C) They are governed by one ruler.
D) They offer constitutional protections for minorities.
Q3) For Plato and Aristotle,the question of who rules was less important than how rule was conducted,so the rule of the majority-what we might call democracy-was not necessarily a good thing.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the distinction in the classical typology between lawful and lawless government.
18
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Chapter 17: Liberal Democracy
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Q1) An infallible test for political freedom in liberal democracies is the legitimacy of
Q2) Which type of decision rule is the most difficult to achieve?
A) majority
B) unanimity
C) concurrent majority
D) qualified majority
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a challenge to implementing greater direct democracy?
A) uninformed citizens
B) complexity of policy issues
C) technological limitations
D) voter fatigue
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of direct democracy?
A) recall
B) initiative
C) plebiscite
D) representation
Q5) Define and explain the role of democratic participation in the Arab Spring.
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Chapter 18: Transitions to Democracy
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Q1) Which term refers to the process by which democracy takes root and becomes formalized?
A) consociationalism
B) concurrent majority
C) consolidation
D) direct democracy
Q2) There are four crucial components to democratic transition: constitutions and the ____________,free and fair___________,strong and viable ___________,and
Q3) The realm of organized social life that is open,voluntary,self-generating,and autonomous from the state is known as ___________.
Q4) What are the prospects for democratization in the newly industrialized or non-Western societies?
Q5) According to Larry Diamond,what state has the world slipped into?
A) chaos
B) totalitarianism
C) a democratic recession
D) an economic depression
Q6) Does violence help or hinder the transition to democracy?
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Autocratic Systems of Government
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Q1) Compare the similarities and differences between authoritarianism and totalitarianism.Give specific examples of regimes in each category.
Q2) Totalitarianism has been described as a "syndrome" or "pattern of interrelated traits."
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is a typical attribute of most right-wing authoritarian regimes?
A) a dictator for life
B) too many people
C) no idea of a classless society
D) rampant capitalist expansion
Q4) In a totalitarian state,law is __________ to the state,and there are no ___________ in the proper sense of the term.
Q5) Which of the following would NOT be found in totalitarian regime?
A) Internet regulation and banning of certain sites.
B) Privately owned newspapers.
C) Large public demonstrations in support of the ruler.
D) Falsified media stories.
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Chapter 20: Parliamentary and Presidential Systems
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Q1) What was the most significant effect of the Glorious Revolution on the British parliamentary system?
A) It resulted in the drafting of the Articles of Confederation (1781).
B) It established the principle of party discipline.
C) It established the supremacy of Parliament.
D) It united the executive and legislative powers in the Cabinet.
Q2) In the Canadian parliamentary system,the prime minister is directly elected to office by the people.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following parliamentary committee members theoretically has the MOST influence on legislative initiatives?
A) An opposition MP in a minority government situation.
B) An opposition MP in a majority government situation.
C) A government MP in a minority government situation.
D) An opposition MP in a coalition government situation.
Q4) The American president is both head of state and head of government.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How does the separation of powers work in the American system of government?
Page 22
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Chapter 21: Unitary and Federal Systems
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Q1) What important role does judicial review play in federal systems?
A) The courts become referees for deciding the precise division of powers.
B) It gives the courts the power to amend the constitution.
C) It allows the courts to make judicial appointments.
D) It gives the executive the power to review judicial decisions.
Q2) Disallowance refers to the practice of not allowing the provincial governments to be at the table when there is a discussion of constitutional amendment.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Federal powers are explicitly enumerated in the U.S.and Canadian constitutions.There are,however,some powers that are not specifically enumerated in the Constitution.What is the term for these powers?
A) residual powers
B) devolutionary powers
C) federal powers
D) emergency powers
Q4) What are some of the common structural features of federal states? In your response,explain how these features work (or do not)in Canada.
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Page 23
Chapter 22: The Political Process
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Q1) The main function of the political process is to keep the government in power.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Policy communities are made up of those people and institutions that coalesce around a specific policy area.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to Almond and Powell,what are the six most important elements of the political process?
Q4) Interest groups,political parties and the media are frequently referred to as the ___________ institutions of government because they are not established by a
Q5) Institutions created explicitly by a constitution are called ____________.
Q6) Almond and Powell pointed to six important __________that carry out necessary_________ of the political process.
Q7) The political system is a complex process of public decision making. A)True B)False
Q8) Explain Almond and Powell's analysis of the political process.
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Chapter 23: Interest Groups and Political Parties
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Q1) Political parties can be classified in five ways
Q2) What is the term for a group that feels that it can best achieve its ends by acting as a party rather than trying to influence existing parties?
A) an ideological party
B) a movement party
C) a pragmatic party
D) an interest party
Q3) What makes an interest group powerful? Why are some groups more influential than others?
Q4) Which term refers to organizations that charge membership fees that are used to support a permanent staff?
A) nonassociational groups
B) associational groups
C) institutional groups
D) anomic groups
Q5) Compare and contrast the roles and functions of political parties and interest groups in the Canadian political process.
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Chapter 24: Communications Media
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Q1) What impact does media ownership and control have on Canadian political culture? In your answer,explain the significance of convergence and the concentration of privately-owned media.How does Canada compare with other countries regarding public and private media ownership?
Q2) A type of poll in which the pollster surveys a small new sample every night and averages those data with the results of the preceding two nights' surveys is known as a
Q3) How has the proliferation of internet news sources and social media affected the quality of news media? Has this had a positive or negative effect on the political process?
Q4) Which term refers to the selective portrayal of certain pieces of information that shapes public opinion on a specific issue?
A) investigative journalism
B) reporting
C) priming
D) convergence
Q5) Communications consultants whose job it is to release news stories to and answer questions from reporters are known as ________.
Q6) Are the media political institutions?
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Chapter 25: Elections and Electoral Systems
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Q1) Explain what factors contribute to voter turnout.Why is it that citizens in a democracy today would choose not to exercise their franchise?
Q2) What term is given to the practice of deliberately drawing constituencies so as to favour one side over another?
A) filibustering
B) gerrymandering
C) redistribution
D) proportional representation
Q3) In a list system of voting,the elector votes for individuals,not for political parties.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When the percentage of votes that each party earns in the election corresponds closely to the percentage of seats it is awarded in the legislature,the electoral results are said to have __________.
Q5) Define and explain the mixed-member-proportional system of voting.
Q6) A geographic district that has an elected representative is known as a _______________.Deliberately drawing this so as to favour one side over another is called _______________.
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Chapter 26: Representative Assemblies
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Q1) The representative assembly is commonly referred to as a _________.
Q2) Over the last few decades,how has the role of the representative as trustee changed in parliamentary democracies?
A) It has increased along with the role of representative as party member.
B) It has increased along with the role of representative as delegate.
C) It has declined while the role of representative as party member has increased.
D) It has declined while the role of representative as delegate has increased.
Q3) In liberal democratic parliamentary systems,how do party members usually vote?
A) independently, according to personal judgment
B) as loyal members of the caucus, following the instructions of the leadership
C) according to the views of their constituents
D) according to public opinion
Q4) Assess the impact of party discipline and executive dominance on representative assemblies.Are there other preferable models of representation that can make responsible government work?
Q5) Compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of the trustee,delegate,and party discipline models of representation.
Q6) Define and explain the significance of the word representation.
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Chapter 27: The Political Executive
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Q1) What are the practices of logrolling or pork barrelling involved with?
A) They are activities that happen within ministries in the Canadian Parliament.
B) They are ways of devising trade-offs that will lead to a majority vote for legislation in the U.S. Congress.
C) They are involved with the yearly traditional practice of asking for more money from the Crown.
D) They are activities involved in a contest of wills between the American House of Representatives and the Senate.
Q2) What are the checks on executive power in both parliamentary and presidential systems? In your opinion,which system has more effective checks,and why?
Q3) In Canada,the ____________ prepares the budget and allocates money to the various departments,while the __________ ensures that the money is spent for approved purposes,according to policy.
Q4) Compare and contrast the political executive in both parliamentary and presidential systems.Has the expanding role of the political executive influenced the governmental process?
Q5) Discuss how the size of the Canadian federal cabinet has changed over time.Compare Canada with other governments.
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Chapter 28: The Administration
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56 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the pros and cons of the American "spoils system." In your opinion,is the "spoils system" more beneficial to the public service than the merit system? Why,or why not?
Q2) How can we measure success in public service?
Q3) What is the role of the ombudsman?
A) reviewing public expenditures
B) dealing with legislative complaints against the executive
C) dealing with executive complaints against the legislative
D) dealing with complaints from individual citizens against the bureaucracy
Q4) The concept of ___________ recruitment refers to filling public service positions by means of competitive examination.The opposite is recruitment by ___________,which means that jobs are distributed according to kinship,friendship,or personal favour.
Q5) Describe the various kinds of bureaucracies that Canadian governments have created at the federal and provincial levels.
Q6) The permanent secretary refers to the special assistant to the office of the prime minister of Canada.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 29: The Judiciary
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59 Verified Questions
59 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/16043
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following scenarios would the principle of "equality before the law" be compromised the most?
A) The legislature has the option, under specific circumstances, to ignore the courts.
B) Judicial discretion is tolerated to a certain extent, allowing judges to give different punishments for the same crime.
C) A backlog of cases slows down the judicial process significantly.
D) Supreme Court judges are appointed by each new president, much like members of the executive.
Q2) In Canada,the prime minister personally selects the members of the Supreme Court of Canada.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In its celebrated Persons case of 1929,the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council held that women were "qualified persons" to be appointed to the Senate.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare and contrast the British and U.S.systems of court organization.
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