Introduction to Physiology Review
Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Physiology provides students with a foundational understanding of how the human body functions at the cellular, tissue, organ, and system levels. The course explores the fundamental physiological principles governing homeostasis, including the roles of major body systems such as the nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, renal, and muscular systems. Emphasis is placed on the mechanisms of regulation, integration, and adaptation that sustain health and life. Through lectures, discussions, and laboratory experiences, students develop the analytical skills necessary to comprehend physiological processes and apply this knowledge to real-world health and medical scenarios.
Recommended Textbook
Human Physiology 11th Edition by Stuart Fox
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
20 Chapters
2345 Verified Questions
2345 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2917 Page 2
Chapter 1: The Study of Body Function
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58093
Sample Questions
Q1) Contraction of ____________ muscle can be consciously controlled.
A)cardiac
B)smooth
C)skeletal
Answer: C
Q2) Endocrine gland secretion is often controlled by the nervous system.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Units of bone composed of concentric rings of lamellae with their trapped osteocytes are called A)canaliculi.
B)osteons.
C)haversian systems.
D)Both osteons and haversian systems.
Answer: D
Q4) All skeletal muscles cause movement of the skeleton.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 3
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 2: Chemical Composition of the Body
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58082
Sample Questions
Q1) The primary buffer in the blood is the _______________ buffer.
A)hydronium
B)ammonia
C)phosphate
D)bicarbonate
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of RNA?
A)dRNA
B)tRNA
C)rRNA
D)mRNA
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a derivative of cholesterol?
A)corticosteroids
B)vitamin D<sub>3</sub>
C)aldosterone
D)lecithin
Answer: D
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
4
Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Genetic Control
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58080
Sample Questions
Q1) _____________ RNA has the function of bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
A)Transfer
B)Messenger
C)Ribosomal
D)Nuclear
Answer: A
Q2) Centrosomes replicate during A)anaphase.
B)cytokinesis.
C)interphase.
D)telophase.
Answer: C
Q3) The proteins found in chromatin are called histones, are positively charged, and form spools.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: Enzymes and Energy
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
97 Verified Questions
97 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58079
Sample Questions
Q1) The level of protein structure primarily involved in determining enzyme activity is the A)primary structure.
B)secondary structure. C)tertiary structure.
D)quaternary structure.
Q2) The enzyme with the lowest pH optimum is A)acid phosphatase. B)lipase. C)monoamine oxidase. D)pepsin.
Q3) The phosphatase found in bone would have a pH optimum that is ______________ than the pH optimum of the phosphatase found in the prostate gland.
A)higher B)lower C)the same as
Q4) The MM isoenzyme of creatine phosphokinase is found in skeletal muscle. A)True B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 6
Chapter 5: Cell Respiration and Metabolism
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58078
Sample Questions
Q1) Oxygen is reduced by the actions of the electron transport chain.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Ketone bodies are produced by
A)excessive protein breakdown.
B)excessive carbohydrate breakdown.
C)excessive fat breakdown.
D)All of these choices are correct.
Q3) In newborns, _________ occurs in brown fat.
A)lipogenesis
B)thermogenesis
C)gluconeogenesis
D)biogenesis
Q4) Oxidative deamination is required for
A)carbohydrate synthesis.
B)carbohydrate breakdown.
C)protein synthesis.
D)protein breakdown.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 7
Chapter 6: Interactions Between Cells and The Extracellular Environment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58077
Sample Questions
Q1) A one molal NaCl solution has the same osmolality as a one molal glucose solution. A)True
B)False
Q2) The amount of water in a cell placed in a 0.8 Osm solution would A)decrease.
B)increase.
C)remain constant.
Q3) Active transport proceeds when energy is expended. A)True
B)False
Q4) A solution with an osmolality four times greater than plasma would freeze at
A)-0.56<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>C.
B)-1.12<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>C.
C)-1.68<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>C.
D)-2.24<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>C.
Q5) Desmosomes are a type of junctional complex. A)True B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: The Nervous System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58076
Sample Questions
Q1) What structure is found around PNS axons that is NOT found around CNS axons?
A)nodes of Ranvier
B)myelin sheath
C)neurilemma
D)plasma membrane
Q2) Action potentials would be conducted most rapidly by
A)a 10 mm diameter myelinated axon.
B)a 10 mm diameter unmyelinated axon.
C)a 40 mm diameter myelinated axon.
D)a 40 mm diameter unmyelinated axon.
Q3) The average resting membrane potential of a neuron is -85mV.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ______ synapses occur between axons of postsynaptic cells and axons of presynaptic cells.
A)Axodendritic
B)Axosomatic
C)Myoneural
D)Axoaxonic
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 8: The Central Nervous System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58075
Sample Questions
Q1) The famous patient "H.M." could not remember events that occurred after his memory was damaged after he had brain surgery to treat his epilepsy.He retained his perceptual and motor skills, but lost his memory of new facts and events.Thus, H.M.'s deficit was in
A)nondeclarative or implicit memory
B)declarative or implicit memory
C)declarative or explicit memory
D)nondeclarative or explicit memory
Q2) Which of the following is NOT required to coordinate movement?
A)cerebellum
B)pons
C)cerebral nuclei
D)motor cortex
Q3) Interpretation of auditory inputs would be most affected by
A)ablation of the intralaminar nuclei.
B)ablation of the hypothalamus.
C)ablation to the medial geniculate nuclei.
D)ablation of the lateral geniculate nuclei.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: The Autonomic Nervous System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
96 Verified Questions
96 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58074
Sample Questions
Q1) _____________ is a muscarinic antagonist derived from the nightshade plant.
A)Clonidine
B)Nicotine
C)Atropine
D)Bradykinin
Q2) The major regulatory center of the autonomic system is, according to many scientists, the ______________ since this brain region has functions, such as control of body temperature, that require appropriate activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.
A)hypothalamus
B)thalamus
C)midbrain
D)cerebrum
Q3) Parasympathetic stimulation increases the rate of passage of material in the small intestine.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Beta-adrenergic receptors stimulate the production of cAMP.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: Sensory Physiology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
143 Verified Questions
143 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58092
Sample Questions
Q1) The near point of vision decreases with increasing age.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Impulses of pain are also transmitted to the _____ which is part of the limbic system.
A)cingulate gyrus
B)amygdala
C)hippocampus
D)caudate nucleus
Q3) An individual with astigmatism would have their vision corrected by
A)a convex lens.
B)a concave lens.
C)cylindrical lens.
D)a magnifying lens.
Q4) Specialized cells on the tongue that distinguish salty, sour, sweet, or bitter flavors are called
A)taste buds.
B)umami cells.
C)gustducin.
D)taste cells.
Page 12
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 11: Endocrine Glands
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58091
Sample Questions
Q1) Calcitonin and PTH are antagonistic hormones.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Increased circulating concentrations of testosterone would stimulate
A)decreased secretion of growth hormone.
B)decreased secretion of adrenocorticotropin.
C)decreased secretion of luteinizing hormone.
D)decreased secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone.
Q3) ______________ are derived from the precursor arachidonic acid.
A)Thyroid hormones
B)Adrenal medulla hormones
C)Leukotrienes
D)Prostaglandins
Q4) What is the action of the signaling molecules activated by insulin-tyrosine kinase second messenger system?
A)insertion of glucose carrier proteins into the plasma membrane
B)hydrolysis of glycogen and secretion of glucose
C)transport of insulin into the cell
D)All of the choices are correct.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 13
Chapter 12: Muscle
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58090
Sample Questions
Q1) Neurotransmitters are released at neuromuscular junctions to smooth muscle cells.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Crossbridge formation occurs when myosin heads attach to actin molecules located on the thin filaments.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The origin is the point of muscle attachment that is most stationary.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The deadly botulinum toxin can be used in the cosmetic treatment of skin wrinkles.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Smooth muscle contraction requires the actions of myosin light chain kinase.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: Blood, Heart, and Circulation
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58089
Sample Questions
Q1) Hemophilia is A)an X-linked trait.
B)more prevalent in women.
C)results in excessive blood clots.
D)All of the choices are correct.
Q2) Within the blood vessels, valves are found in the A)arteries.
B)capillaries.
C)arterioles.
D)veins.
Q3) The pulmonary veins returns oxygen depleted blood to the right atrium. A)True
B)False
Q4) John has blood typeB.In an emergency, John could receive which of the following blood types?
A)B only
B)AB only
C)O only
D)B or O
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 14: Cardiac Output, Blood Flow, and Bloodpressure
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58088
Sample Questions
Q1) Increased blood flow to an organ is induced by decreased tissue H<sup>+</sup> concentrations.
A)True B)False
Q2) Positive inotropic agents increase intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> in the myocardium.
A)True B)False
Q3) Hydrostatic pressure is ______ and colloid osmotic pressure is ______ at the arterial end of a capillary.
A)higher, higher
B)higher, lower
C)lower, lower
D)lower, higher
Q4) Reactive hyperemia is
A)increased blood flow due to increased metabolism.
B)increased blood flow after removal of constriction due to accumulated metabolic products.
C)increased blood flow due to sepsis.
D)All of the choices are correct.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 15: The Immune System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58087
Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is a technique for artificially gaining active immunity through exposure to non-virulent pathogens or nonpathogenic antigens.
A)Allergy
B)Delayed-hypersensitivity
C)Vaccination
D)Auto-immunity
Q2) Lymphocytes are involved in specific immune reactions.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Phagocytotic leukocytes involved in the inflammatory response generally do not reenter system circulation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Immunoglobulins are synthesized and secreted by B lymphocytes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Interferons stimulate macrophage replication.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 16: Respiratory Physiology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58086
Sample Questions
Q1) The amount of a given gas dissolved in the blood
A)is directly proportional to the solubility partial pressure of the gas.
B)increases at higher altitudes.
C)is described primarily by Boyle's law.
D)All of the choices are correct.
Q2) The production of hemoglobin and red blood cells in bone marrow is controlled by a hormone called thymopoietin.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What disease is characterized by the abnormal hemoglobin S?
A)sickle-cell anemia
B)thalassemia
C)cystic fibrosis
D)emphysema
Q4) Decompression sickness is caused by ascending to sea level too quickly which results in bubbles of _____ to form in the blood.
A)oxygen
B)carbon dioxide
C)carbon monoxide
D)nitrogen
Page 18
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 17: Physiology of the Kidneys
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58085
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the correct order of the nephron tubule structures?
A)distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule, Bowman's capsule
B)proximal convoluted tubule, Bowman's capsule, distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle
C)Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule
D)loop of Henle, Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule
Q2) The tubular filtrate osmolarity __________ as it flows through the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
A)increases
B)decreases
C)remains unchanged
Q3) Renal damage often produces microalbuminuria.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Plasma measurement of creatinine is a close estimate of GFR.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 18: The Digestive System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58084
Sample Questions
Q1) The __________ stimulates decreased gastric motility.
A)gastroileal reflex
B)GLP-1 reflex
C)ileogastric reflex
D)GIP reflex
Q2) Which of the following is NOT true of 5-hydroxytryptamine?
A)it is secreted by ECL cells of the intestinal mucosa
B)stimulates intrinsic afferent to activate motor neurons for peristalsis
C)stimulates secretion of Cl<sup>-</sup> and water
D)All of the choices are true.
Q3) The movement of digested food into the blood or lymph is
A)ingestion.
B)deglutition.
C)absorption
D)segmentation
Q4) Which of the following is NOT part of the gastrointestinal tract?
A)pharynx
B)liver
C)small intestine
D)esophagus
20
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 19: Regulation of Metabolism
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58083
Sample Questions
Q1) Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus can cause
A)increased hepatic secretion of glucose and decreased uptake by skeletal muscles.
B)increased hepatic secretion of glucose and increased uptake by skeletal muscles.
C)decreased hepatic secretion of glucose and decreased uptake by skeletal muscles.
D)decreased hepatic secretion of glucose and increased uptake by skeletal muscles.
Q2) Ablation of the thyroid gland would cause a drop in basal metabolic rate.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ________ is caused by the oversecretion of growth hormone in adults.
A)Gigantism
B)Myxedema
C)Acromegaly
D)Osteomalacia
Q4) Ghrelin is postulated to be important as a satiety factor.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 21
Chapter 20: Reproduction
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/58081
Sample Questions
Q1) A stem cell that can give rise to all tissues except the trophoblast cells of the placenta is called
A)totipotent.
B)retropotent.
C)multipotent.
D)pluripotent.
Q2) What is the procedure in which some amnionic fluid is aspired in order to obtain sloughed off fetal cells for examination?
A)placentocentesis
B)amniocentesis
C)chorioncentesis
D)uterocentesis
Q3) Dihydrotestosterone is produced by the action of the enzyme 5 alpha-reductase on testosterone.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The secretion of GnRH, FSH, and LH are pulsatile instead of continuous.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 22