Introduction to Pharmacology Solved
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Pharmacology explores the fundamental principles of drug action and interaction within the human body. This course covers the essential concepts of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and the mechanisms by which drugs produce therapeutic and adverse effects. Students will learn about various drug classes, their clinical uses, and safety considerations. Emphasis is placed on understanding how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted, as well as the factors influencing individual responses to medications. The course provides a foundation for further study in health sciences, medicine, and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Pharmacology for Health Professions 7th Edition by Ruth Woodrow
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27 Chapters
675 Verified Questions
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2
Chapter 1: Consumer Safety and Drug Regulations
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to your text,who is an excellent resource for you when you are unsure of your legal responsibilities with drugs or have uncertainties about drug therapy?
A)a local pharmacist
B)a DEA agent
C)a pharmaceutical sales representative
D)an attorney
Answer: A
Q2) Under the schedules used in the United States,which drugs have high abuse potential and can be dispensed only with a written prescription?
A)5 (C-V)
B)2 (C-II)
C)1 (C-I)
D)3 (C-III)
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Drug Names and References
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Q1) Moises is taking a medication that lowers his blood sugar.This drug would be classified as a(n) .
A)anxiolytic
B)analgesic
C)antitussive
D)hypoglycemic
Answer: D
Q2) Who assigns generic names to drugs?
A)FDA
B)manufacturers
C)pharmacies
D)USAN
Answer: D
Q3) Health care practitioners typically prefer drugs to be classified by their .
A)market cost
B)chemical structure
C)therapeutic use
D)risk of side effects
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Sources and Bodily Effects of Drugs
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Q1) Zach normally takes an antianxiety medication and,after he has his wisdom teeth pulled,takes a narcotic pain medication as well.He suddenly finds himself very drowsy and disoriented.This is an example of .
A)undesirable antagonism
B)desirable synergism
C)desirable antagonism
D)undesirable synergism
Answer: D
Q2) In the 1990s,an investigational new drug was developed to slow the progression of Alzheimer's,but it was subsequently removed from the market due to liver toxicity.What was this drug?
A)Cognex
B)Retrovir
C)Caduet
D)Roferon
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Medication Preparations and Supplies
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Q1) Which injection solution base will result in the slowest absorption?
A)alcohol
B)saline
C)water
D)oil
Q2) Tonya takes her bronchidilator using a nebulizer.What is the route of administration?
A)intraspinal
B)intravenous
C)intradermal
D)inhaled
Q3) In preparation for abdominal surgery,Alex is given a rectally administered suspension of medication.This is known as a(n)____.
A)subcolonic
B)enema
C)suppository
D)douche
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Chapter 5: Abbreviations and Systems of Measurement
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Q1) Suppose a prescription is written for a controlled substance such as a narcotic pain medication.What information,in addition to that required on all prescriptions,must be included on the written prescription?
A)the patient's social security number
B)the physician's DEA number
C)the physician's license number
D)the physician's provider number
Q2) You have just finished giving medication instructions to 72-year-old Virgil,who seems overwhelmed by both his recent diagnosis and all of the medications he will be taking.How might you approach this situation?
A)Ask him to call a friend or family member and explain the medication instructions to them.
B)Leave him alone so that he can relax,and let the next shift try explaining the medication again.
C)Quiz him on the information and if he answers incorrectly,keep testing him until he gets it right.
D)Ask him to explain to you how the medications should be taken and if he cannot,go over the instructions again.
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Chapter 6: Safe Dosage Preparation
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Q1) The preoperative order reads Demerol 60 mg IM on call.The narcotics drawer contains vials labeled meperidine (Demerol)100 mg/2 mL.How should this be set up in the ratio and proportion method?
A)60 mg : 100 mg = 2 mL : X mL
B)100 mg : 2 mL = 60 mg : X mL
C)X mL : 2 mL = 100 mg : 60 mg
D)2 mL : 60 mg = 100 mg : X mL
Q2) In the ratio and proportion method,the ratio between the dose on hand and the known quantity is equal to the ratio between the desired dose and the .
A)unknown dose
B)unknown measure
C)unknown quantity
D)unknown unit
Q3) When calculating dosages for children,you should remember that .
A)the physiology of children is virtually the same as that of adults
B)children are essentially miniature adults
C)you can typically give half of the adult dose safely
D)the pediatric dosages in drug inserts are a good reference
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8
Chapter 7: Responsibilities and Principles of Drug Administration
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Q1) Logan,who has terminal cancer,has a prn order for an anxiolytic injection.When it is administered,the hospice nurse should note dose,time,route,location of injection,and .
A)assessment of need
B)likely survival time
C)effectiveness
D)likelihood of substance abuse
Q2) Sylvano's hospital has a new packaging system in the pharmacy and,unfortunately,the labels are not dispensed properly.This evening,he receives unit dose medications in which the labels are so crooked that they are overlapping one another.What should Sylvano do?
A)Peel back the labels so he can tell which is which.
B)Look the medications up in a drug reference and then administer them.
C)Do not administer the medication.
D)Use the medications if he is familiar with their standard usage.
Q3) For what types of medication errors must an incident report be completed?
A)for all medication errors
B)only those witnessed by another health care practitioner
C)only if there is an adverse reaction
D)only those that are potentially dangerous
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Administration by the Gastrointestinal Route
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Q1) Melinda begins coughing while swallowing a liquid medication and inhales some of the medication into her lungs.What is this called?
A)inspiration
B)respiration
C)aspiration
D)expiration
Q2) An advantage of the rectal route is that it .
A)bypasses digestive enzymes
B)is possible for nearly all important medications
C)provides consistent and complete absorption
D)is especially easy for children and the elderly
Q3) Suppositories are especially useful .
A)when patients are reluctant to take medication
B)because they release medication at a consistent rate
C)when patients have dysphagia
D)because they ensure complete absorption
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Chapter 9: Administration by the Parenteral Route
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Q1) Subcutaneous injections are administered into .
A)fatty tissue
B)lean tissue
C)deep levels of the skin
D)connective tissue
Q2) When using the Z-track method,the clinician should insert the needle .
A)at a 15-degree-angle and inject the medication slowly
B)with a dart-like motion,aspirate,and then inject the medication slowly
C)quickly and inject the medication in brief,forceful pulses
D)quickly and inject the medication as quickly as possible
Q3) Transcutaneous delivery systems may be used for treatment of .
A)psychiatric disorders
B)chronic reflux
C)systemic infections
D)severe,chronic pain for which opiates are needed
Q4) What type of needles should be recapped?
A)used
B)sterile
C)all needles
D)safety
11
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Chapter 10: Poison Control Part II: Drug Classifications
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Q1) The use of gastric lavage in persons who have swallowed corrosives may .
A)be the only treatment that is needed
B)perforate the damaged tissues of the esophagus
C)precipitate seizures
D)induce convulsions
Q2) David was trapped in a mine and exposed to carbon monoxide for a prolonged period.Upon rescue,he was treated with hyperbaric oxygen.Why?
A)To decrease excessive oxygen levels
B)To prevent ketoacidosis
C)To restore oxygen levels in tissues
D)To prevent hyperventilation
Q3) During a hike in the desert,your friend is bitten by a rattlesnake.You are preparing her for transport to an emergency facility.What guideline should you follow?
A)You should be sure the tourniquet is as tight as tolerable.
B)Your friend should be transported lying down.
C)The bitten area should be wrapped in a compression bandage and held above the heart.
D)You should pack the bite in ice.
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Chapter 11: Vitamins, Minerals, and Herbs
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Q1) Alba has heard that vitamin D deficiency is common and has begun taking high dose supplements.What is a sign of vitamin D overdose?
A)osteomalacia
B)tetany
C)heart rhythm abnormalities
D)osteoporosis
Q2) Mr.Illyich is a 58-year-old chronic alcoholic who is seen at the clinic with glossitis,cheilosis,dermatitis,and photophobia.What is a possible diagnosis?
A)thiamine deficiency
B)cobalamin overdose
C)pyridoxine overdose
D)riboflavin deficiency
Q3) What vitamin is unstable when exposed to heat or air or combined with alkaline compounds?
A)vitamin E
B)vitamin A
C)vitamin D
D)vitamin C
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13
Chapter 12: Skin Medications
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Q1) Salicylic acid is used in .
A)enzymatics
B)emollients
C)keratolytic agents
D)antipruritic agents
Q2) Overuse or extended use of antibacterial agents can lead to .
A)addiction
B)dependence
C)paradoxical reactions
D)resistance
Q3) Yasmine suffers a second degree burn on her arm in a kitchen accident.The doctor at the emergency room gives her a prescription for silver sulfadiazine cream.What is the action of this cream?
A)decreasing itchiness
B)infection prevention and treatment
C)reducing scar formation
D)pain control
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14
Chapter 13: Autonomic Nervous System Drugs
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Q1) Leland and his friends are in the mountains for the weekend,and collect greens,berries,and mushrooms for their final meal.Leland makes and taste tests the mushroom dish and wounds up violently ill with mushroom poisoning.At the hospital,he is treated with atropine.What side effects might Leland experience from the atropine?
A)bradycardia
B)decreased body temperature
C)diarrhea
D)blurred vision and headaches
Q2) Hadley has a terrible nose bleed and her father takes her to the urgent care center.While there,she is administered an adrenergic drug.Adrenergics may be used to treat persistent severe nose bleeds because they .
A)have a calming effect
B)constrict capillaries
C)increase blood pressure
D)slow heart rate
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15
Chapter 14: Antineoplastic Drugs
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Q1) Bryant has skin cancer and is being treated with a topical antimetabolite,which is most likely to be .
A)vinorelbine
B)fluorouracil
C)leucovorin
D)cisplatin
Q2) Seventy-two year-old Adreanna has lung cancer.What semi-synthetic derived from a plant alkaloid is likely to be recommended?
A)doxorubicin
B)paclitaxel
C)vinorelbine
D)cyclophosphamide
Q3) Agatha is receiving palliative chemotherapy,which is intended to .
A)prevent recurrence
B)alleviate symptoms
C)halt tumor growth
D)prevent metastases
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Chapter 15: Urinary System Drugs
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Q1) Tate's brain begins to swell following surgery to fix an aneurysm and he is given a diuretic What diuretic is preferred to reduce intracranial pressure?
A)triamterene
B)bumetanide
C)mannitol
D)hydrochlorothiazide
Q2) A diuretic is prescribed for Kevin,and he is counseled about the risk of taking salicylates concurrently.What diuretic is known to increase the risk of salicylate toxicity?
A)triamterene
B)furosemide
C)mannitol
D)hydrochlorothiazide
Q3) Dimitri is being treated with prednisone for gout.Prednisone is likely to be used when the patient .
A)has chronic gout
B)is also taking probenecid
C)cannot tolerate NSAIDs
D)cannot tolerate colchicine
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Chapter 16: Gastrointestinal Drugs
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Q1) Lizzy has irritable bowel syndrome and is taking the drug dicyclomine.Dicyclomine acts by .
A)forming a protective barrier
B)decreasing pain
C)decreasing GI transit time
D)deccreasing GI motility
Q2) Jacinta is a frail 92-year-old with a history of ulcers from the NSAIDs she takes for arthritis.Her doctor prescribes synthetic prostaglandin that inhibits gastric acid secretion and protects the mucosa from the irritant effect of certain drugs.What is this drug most likely to be?
A)misoprostol
B)lansoprazole
C)ketoconazole
D)cimetidine
Q3) Gabriel has developed diarrhea as a result of taking an antacid.What does the antacid likely contain?
A)calcium carbonate
B)magnesium
C)sodium bicarbonate
D)aluminum
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Chapter 17: Anti-Infective Drugs
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Q1) Bretta visits her doctor with the symptoms of a urinary tract infection and the doctor orders a C&S.What can be learned from this procedure?
A)whether Bretta is allergic to any antibiotics
B)how long Bretta has had the infection
C)whether Bretta actually has an infection or is malingering
D)the agent causing the infection and what antibiotic(s)will be effective
Q2) Dione is having all four of her wisdom teeth pulled and the oral surgeon explains that he will provide her with an antibiotic prior to the surgery to help prevent infection.As Dione is allergic to penicillin,what antibiotic is likely to be prescribed?
A)clindamycin
B)tigecycline
C)pyrazinamide
D)ciprofloxacin
Q3) Hospital-acquired infections may also be called .
A)nosocomial infections
B)resistant infections
C)iatrogenic infections
D)community infections
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Chapter 18: Eye Medications
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Q1) Arturo is having a medical procedure that requires the application of a local anesthetic,tetracaine,to his eye.What should he know about this medication?
A)He should wear an eye patch because the medication causes a temporary loss of the blink reflex.
B)This medication may have the effect of causing his eyelashes to thicken.
C)This medication is associated with potentially serious cardiovascular side effects.
D)He should massage his eye vigorously to help the effects of the medication wear off quickly.
Q2) Jalen has glaucoma and a miotic has been prescribed.The physician explains to Jalen that miotics act by .
A)decreasing aqueous humor production
B)increasing aqueous humor production
C)decreasing aqueous humor outflow
D)increasing aqueous humor outflow
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20
Chapter 19: Analgesics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics
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Q1) Cody openly and honestly discusses his history of addiction with his surgeon prior to surgery and asks what pain medications will have less potential for abuse.What centrally acting synthetic analog of codeine might the surgeon select?
A)tramadol
B)meperidine
C)naltrexone
D)hydrocodone
Q2) Levi wonders why acetaminophen is used so frequently if it has little anti-inflammatory effect.Why is this?
A)It has fewer adverse effects than the salicylates.
B)It is less expensive than other NSAIDs.
C)It is more likely to produce a slight sedative effect.
D)It is a newer drug and hence regarded as "better."
Q3) Ashley has insomnia and her doctor gives her medication to produce sleep.This type of medication is called a(n) ____.
A)anesthetic
B)analgesic
C)hypnotic
D)sedative
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Psychotropic Medications, Alcohol, and Drug Abuse
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Q1) Bryce is taking modafinil for narcolepsy.It is particularly important to caution him .
A)about the need to ensure he gets adequately restorative sleep
B)that it has a higher potential of abuse than amphetamine
C)the likelihood that it will greatly improve his ability to concentrate
D)the potential for severe paradoxical weight gain
Q2) Adrian's mother and father have personal and family histories of drug addiction.Therefore,Adrian's mother asks whether there are any nonstimulant medications that can be used to treat his ADHD.What drug might be suggested?
A)caffeine citrate
B)atomoxetine
C)methylphenidate
D)modafinil
Q3) The Black Box warning that must be included on all antidepressants notes the increased risk of .
A)metabolic syndrome and diabetes
B)addiction
C)suicidal thinking and behavior in children and adolescents
D)profound anorexia and slowed growth
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Chapter 21: Musculoskeletal and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
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Q1) Cayden is using a diclofenac patch for pain from his recent knee injury.How does the patch compare to oral medications?
A)Drug interactions are more common with the patch.
B)Concentrations in joint tissues are higher with the patch.
C)Serious adverse effects are more common with with the patch.
D)Concentrations in blood are higher with the patch.
Q2) Caitlin strained her back and her doctor prescribes a centrally-acting muscle relaxant during the initial checkup.After the pain subsides,her doctor is likely to prescribe
A)exercise
B)an NSAID
C)immobilization
D)a peripherally-acting muscle relaxant
Q3) Ellis is having surgery and a neuromuscular blocking agent has been administered.What else must also be administered?
A)an antihypertensive
B)a loading dose of glucose
C)analgesics and sedatives
D)anticonvulsants
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Anticonvulsants, Antiparkinsonian Drugs, and Agents for Alzheimers Disease
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Q1) Kristian has generalized epilepsy that is not as well-controlled in his opinion.He wonders if he should be switched to a second-generation anticonvulsant.How are second-generation anticonvulsants typically used in the management of epilepsy?
A)as adjuvants
B)in emergency treatment of status epilepticus
C)for febrile seizures
D)as alternatives to first-generation anticonvulsants
Q2) Jane has sensorimotor neurologic disorder characterized by a distressing urge to move the legs,often accompanied by a marked sense of discomfort in the legs.She likely has .
A)ALS
B)RLS
C)Parkinson's
D)psychomotor epilepsy
Q3) Kody takes a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant,which is likely to be .
A)clonazepam
B)valproic acid
C)ethosuximide
D)carbamazepine
Page 24
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Chapter 23: Endocrine System Drugs
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Q1) Cornelius is experiencing severe pain in his knees associated with rheumatoid arthritis.He and his doctor are discussing corticosteroid therapy.What administration route is most likely?
A)injection into the joint
B)IM
C)oral
D)topical
Q2) In the United States,70% of diabetics die from .
A)profound hypoglycemia
B)cancer associated with oral antidiabetic agents
C)heart attack or stroke
D)neuropathy
Q3) Three-year-old Wiley is small for his age;testing reveals that he has very low levels of human growth hormone.What gland produces human growth hormone?
A)islets of Langerhans
B)adrenal
C)pituitary
D)thyroid
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Chapter 24: Reproductive System Drugs
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Q1) Dina has AIDS and is experiencing profound weight loss and cachexia.What hormonal medication might help her with these issues?
A)Provera
B)Megace
C)Activella
D)Climara
Q2) Suzette is in need of emergency contraception.She has several contraindications to oral contraceptives.Can she use emergency contraception?
A)Probably,but she will need very close medical monitoring and the risks may outweigh the benefits.
B)Possibly.It depends on what the contraindications to oral contraceptives are.
C)Yes.Emergency contraception can be taken by women with contraindications to oral contraceptives.
D)No.The same hormones are used,so it would be unsafe.
Q3) What androgen has much greater anabolic effects than androgenic effects?
A)methyltestosterone
B)testosterone
C)oxandrolone
D)danzol
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Chapter 25: Cardiovascular Drugs
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Q1) Irwin has prehypertension,which is defined as .
A)SBP range of 150-189 and DBP range of 90 or higher
B)DBP range of 100-139 and SBP range of 90 to 100
C)SBP range of 120-139 and DBP range of 80-89
D)DBP range of 120-139 and SBP range of 80-89
Q2) The only clinical drug currently used in the cardiac glycoside family is .
A)rifampin
B)heparin
C)warafin
D)digoxin
Q3) Ginny has hypertension and is taking an ACE inhibitor.How do ACE inhibitors work?
A)By slowing heart rate
B)By increasing cardiac output
C)By decreasing vasoconstriction
D)By stabilizing the heart membrane
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Chapter 26: Respiratory System Drugs and Antihistamines
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Q1) Sixteen-year-old Elyza has asthma and has been using her rescue inhaler more frequently.What does this indicate?
A)She is overusing her medications and is at risk of an overdose.
B)She is outgrowing her asthma.
C)Her asthma control is deteriorating.
D)She is having a paradoxical reaction to her medications.
Q2) Jean's doctor suggests that she use a decongestant but cautions her to limit her use to just a few days.What might prolonged use cause?
A)tolerance
B)rebound congestion
C)psychological dependence
D)breakdown of nasal vasculature
Q3) Clay has COPD and is not responsive to inhaled bronchodilators.What medication might be used?
A)cromolyn
B)montelukast
C)theophylline
D)formoterol
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Chapter 27: Drugs and Older Adults
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Q1) Gia,85 years of age,is in a specialized nursing home for patients with dementia.Recently,she has been frighteningly aggressive and the staff is exploring pharmacological management using antipsychotics.What risk is elevated in elderly patients with dementia who are given antipsychotics?
A)hypersexuality
B)death
C)blindness
D)COPD
Q2) Gregory has taken antacids much of his adult life and now,at age 68,continues to take them nearly daily.What risk is associated with frequent use of antacids by elderly individuals?
A)spending money on remedies that do not work
B)paradoxical hypersecretion of acid
C)masking signs of a GI bleed or GI cancer
D)physical dependence
Q3) Charis,age 89,has impaired circulation.What process might this affect?
A)metabolism
B)distribution
C)excretion
D)absorption
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