Introduction to Personality Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Introduction to Personality explores the major theories and research findings in the field of personality psychology. The course examines the ways in which individual differences in thought, emotion, and behavior are developed, understood, and assessed. Students will engage with classical and contemporary perspectives including psychoanalytic, trait, humanistic, biological, and social-cognitive approaches while also considering cultural and environmental influences on personality. The course emphasizes critical analysis of theory and research, application to real-world scenarios, and the ethical considerations inherent in the study of personality.
Recommended Textbook
Theories of Personality Understanding Persons 6th Edition by Susan C. Cloninger
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17 Chapters
2036 Verified Questions
2036 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Personality Theory
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146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20889
Sample Questions
Q1) In the study of personality, including the influence of society and culture allows a better explanation of ____________ differences among people.
A) gender
B) ethnic
C) cultural
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Q2) If a test of academic ability given to high school students is correlated with grades during the freshman year at college, the test has
A) construct validity.
B) test-retest reliability.
C) alternate forms reliability.
D) predictive validity.
Answer: D
Q3) Traits, factors, and types all describe personality?
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Freud: Classical Psychoanalysis
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) People with a repressive coping style
A) seldom become anxious.
B) usually outgrow this defensiveness.
C) use negative emotion as a cue to repress or forget material.
D) all of the above.
Answer: C
Q2) Describe psychoanalytic treatment.
Answer: Psychoanalytic treatment is a form of therapy that is based on the theories and techniques developed by Sigmund Freud. It involves exploring a person's unconscious thoughts and emotions in order to gain insight into their behavior and mental health issues. The therapist helps the patient to uncover repressed memories, desires, and conflicts that may be contributing to their current difficulties. This process often involves free association, dream analysis, and the interpretation of transference and resistance. The goal of psychoanalytic treatment is to bring these unconscious elements into the conscious mind, allowing the patient to gain a deeper understanding of themselves and to make positive changes in their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. This type of therapy is typically long-term and intensive, requiring a strong commitment from both the patient and the therapist.
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Chapter 3: Jung: Analytical Psychology
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Jung, projection of the shadow contributes to racial prejudice.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The Great Mother, the Hero, and the Trickster are some of the archetypes described by Jung.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) According to Bettelheim's research, when children are exposed to fairy stories with all the monsters and witches removed,
A) they become less aggressive.
B) they become more trusting of the world.
C) they become more disruptive.
D) they lose interest in the stories.
Answer: C
Q4) A mandala symbolizes order and emerging psychic wholeness.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Adler: Individual Psychology
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Work is an important task of life, according to Adler. A)True
B)False
Q2) Adler agreed with Freud that important personality developments occur early in life. A)True B)False
Q3) Provide an Adlerian analysis of Oprah Winfrey. Make sure you talk about her early development, the influence of her parents and their parenting styles, her fictional finalism, and how she currently meets Adler's criteria of psychological health.
Q4) Which statement most accurately compares "superiority striving" and "perfection striving," as Adler used these terms?
A) Superiority striving is neurotic; perfection striving is healthy.
B) Superiority striving is healthy; perfection striving is neurotic.
C) Superiority striving and perfection striving are similar, and are both neurotic.
D) Superiority striving and perfection striving are similar, and are both healthy.
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Chapter 5: Erikson: Psychosocial Development
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The two-year-old child is vulnerable to developing a sense of shame.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is/are a way culture can provide the support of cooperation and competition?
A) Marriage
B) Homosexual relationships
C) Nonsexual relationships
D) All the above
Q3) Which term refers to the mature resolution of the identity crisis?
A) identity diffusion
B) identity foreclosure
C) identity achievement
D) identity confusion
Q4) In adolescence, a person develops a sense of fidelity to an ideology.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In the integrity vs. isolation stage, the person focuses entirely on the past.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Horney and Relational Theory: Interpersonal
Psychoanalytic
Theory
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140 Verified Questions
140 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Scores on the Horney-Coolidge Type Indicator were found to correlated with measures of various personality disorders.
A)True
B)False
Q2) People who adopt the self-effacing solution are seeking to be loved.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to Horney, culture, rather than biology, defines what is masculine and what is feminine.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is not one of the three interpersonal orientations described by Horney?
A) moving against
B) moving away
C) moving alongside
D) moving toward
Q5) Discuss Horney's ideas about cultural determinants of personality and neurosis.
Q6) Discuss research on infant attachment from the perspective of relational theory. Page 8
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Page 9
Chapter 7: Allport: Personological Trait Theory
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Allport defined personality as "the __________ within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to the environment."
A) development
B) dynamic organization
C) nurturance
D) existence
Q2) Describe Allport's analysis of Jenny Grove Masterson's letters.
Q3) According to Allport, the ultimate real unit of personality is
A) a common trait that exists in a specified population.
B) the neuron.
C) a unique trait, which has psychophysical reality within an individual.
D) unconscious motivation.
Q4) According to Allport's research, which person is most likely to be racially prejudiced?
A) a person who has a cardinal disposition
B) a person who has an intrinsic religious orientation
C) a person who has an extrinsic religious orientation
D) a rich person
Q5) Summarize Allport's advice about eclecticism.
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Chapter 8: Two Factor Analytic Trait Theories: Cattells 16
Factors and the Big Five
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the purpose of the specification equation? Explain how it is used.
Q2) Conscientiousness is associated with high grades.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Factor analysis is based upon the statistical concept of correlation. A)True
B)False
Q4) The most important sentiment is the self-sentiment, according to Cattell. A)True
B)False
Q5) The Big Five factors have been found in A) adults.
B) children.
C) other countries.
D) all of the above
Q6) Relationships among attitudes, sentiments, and ergs are diagrammed in the A) MAVA.
B) specification equation.
C) dynamic lattice.
D) P-technique. Page 11
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Chapter 9: Biological Theories: Evolution, Genetics, and Biological
Factor Theories
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the physiological differences between introverts and extraverts, according to Eysenck's theory. What research evidence supports this theory?
Q2) A child's survival and psychological health depend on good parenting.
A)True
B)False
Q3) People who seek intensely stimulating experiences and who take risks are said to be high in the trait of A) neurosis.
B) psychosis.
C) introversion.
D) sensation seeking.
Q4) How do evolutionary approaches explain altruism?
Q5) Which of the following is one of the dimensions of the EASI temperament model? A) Energetic
B) Agreeability
C) Intraversion
D) Sociability
Q6) List and describe Eysenck's three factors of personality.
Q7) Describe differences between males and females, from an evolutionary perspective Page 13
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Page 14
Chapter 10: The Challenge of Behaviorism: Dollard and Miller,
Skinner, and Staats
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the first stage of development, Dollard and Miller described conflicts over A) talking back.
B) feeding.
C) toilet training.
D) masturbation.
Q2) Rewards are more effective if they immediately follow the desired response.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In contrast to therapy, attempts to reduce conflict with alcohol and drugs
A) never work.
B) provide a temporary and generalized reduction of avoidance.
C) are more likely to be effective.
D) are slower.
Q4) Systematic application of learning principles in therapy is called A) systematic therapy.
B) a functional analysis.
C) insight therapy.
D) behavior modification.
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Q5) How can language influence maladaptive behavior and therapy?
Q6) Explain Skinner's objection to mentalism.
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Page 16
Chapter 11: Kelly: Personal Construct Theory
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cognitive complexity is a sign of neurosis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Two people are talking. One says, "People are either ambitious or they're lazy." The other disagrees, saying "People are either ambitious or they're already rich enough!" These two people disagree about The __________ pole to "ambitious."
A) concrete
B) contrast
C) fixed role
D) peripheral
Q3) Kelly devised the __________ Test.
A) Projective Role
B) Psychological Assessment
C) Therapeutic Construct
D) Role Construct Repertory
Q4) Explain Kelly's concept of "constructive alternativism."
Q5) According to Kelly, all constructs are dichotomous.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Mischel: Traits in Cognitive Social Learning Theory
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49 Verified Questions
49 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20900
Sample Questions
Q1) In Mischel's terminology, the __________ of an extraverted person might include knowing how to begin a conversation with a stranger and thinking of things to say in a conversation.
A) competencies
B) expectancies
C) person variables
D) traits
Q2) According to Mischel, traits __________ behavior.
A) cause
B) describe
C) predict
D) contradict
Q3) Terms that we use to describe ourselves and other people, such as "intelligent, outgoing, and empathic," would be called __________ by Mischel.
A) traits
B) personal constructs
C) expectancies
D) subjective stimulus values
Q4) Explain the term "consistency paradox."
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Chapter 13: Bandura: Performance in Cognitive Social Learning Theory
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69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bandura recommends that self-efficacy should be measured A) globally.
B) separately for each area of behavior.
C) by projective tests.
D) by an interview.
Q2) Research suggests that self-efficacy beliefs have the greatest effect on task performance at the __________ of the task.
A) beginning B) middle C) end
D) none of the above
Q3) Explain Bandura's concept of "reciprocal determinism." Diagram it. Discuss how this concept is different from Skinner's concept of environmental determinism.
Q4) Children sometimes imitate aggression less if they see the model punished for being aggressive.
A)True
B)False
Page 19
Q5) Define "self-efficacy." Why are self-efficacy expectancies important?
Q6) Describe the contributions of cognitive social learning theory to psychotherapy.
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Page 20
Chapter 14: Rogers: Person-Centered Theory
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fully functioning person, according to Rogers, experiences each moment
A) as inevitable, given the past.
B) as a fresh and new experience.
C) as a test of fundamental moral principles.
D) as less important than the future.
Q2) "Satellite relationships" are
A) relationships with people other than the spouse or primary partner, sometimes involving sexual intimacy.
B) consulting relationships with another therapist, to get a second opinion.
C) unhealthy dependent relationships among family members.
D) a primary example of Rogers's influence on organizational development.
Q3) Which of these is not a condition for therapeutic progress, according to Rogers?
A) congruence
B) empathic understanding
C) insight
D) unconditional positive regard
Q4) Rogerian therapy causes clients to focus more on the future, and less on the present.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Maslow and His Legacy: Need Hierarchy Theory and Positive Psychology
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following methods did Maslow use most often in his study of self-actualized people?
A) experimentation
B) multivariate correlational studies
C) surveys
D) indirect observation
Q2) Maslow envisioned a next stage in the development of psychology. This "fourth" stage would be concerned with __________ issues.
A) transpersonal
B) supernatural
C) social
D) neurological
Q3) Contrast deficiency motivation with being motivation. Include a discussion of the differences between D-love and B-love.
Q4) The needs lowest on Maslow's hierarchy are safety needs.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare intrinsic motivation and positive psychology with Maslow's theoretical concepts.
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Chapter 16: Buddhist Psychology: Lessons From Eastern Culture
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122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the connection among mind and body in Buddhist thought?
Q2) Before his enlightenment Siddhartha came to need the help of others to achieve his enlightenment. This is an example of the importance of A) community.
B) self-focus.
C) attachment.
D) karma.
Q3) Scientist Albert Einstein found Buddhism appealing.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Chu-Chih is practicing meditation. While doing so he allows thoughts to appear as they will and observes them without judgment. What type of meditation is he practicing?
A) suhka meditation
B) bhakti meditation
C) concentrative meditation
D) mindfulness meditation
Q5) Buddhism emphasizes continual development, even across different lives.
A)True
B)False
Page 23
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Chapter 17: Conclusion
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Personality theories have proposed various metaphors for people. Which of the following metaphors is not considered by the text?
A) the information processing metaphor
B) the mechanistic metaphor
C) the organic metaphor
D) the political metaphor
Q2) Mystical beliefs in experience that includes more than the individual ego are most closely associated with the __________ metaphor.
A) information processing
B) transcendent self
C) mechanistic
D) organic
Q3) List and describe three metaphors that have been applied to personality.
Q4) It is always desirable to have comprehensive, rather than limited-range, theories.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the term "paradigm." How does a paradigm influence research?
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