Introduction to Personality Exam
Materials
Course Introduction
Introduction to Personality explores the fundamental theories, research, and applications related to human personality. This course examines major theoretical perspectives including psychoanalytic, trait, humanistic, social-cognitive, and biological approaches while addressing how personality is measured and assessed. Students will analyze the influence of genetic, cultural, and environmental factors on personality development, consider the role of personality in psychological well-being and behavior, and evaluate contemporary issues and research findings in personality psychology. The course incorporates case studies and practical examples to help students connect theory with real-world individual differences.
Recommended Textbook
The Person An Introduction to the Science of Personality Psychology 5th Edition by Dan P. McAdams
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12 Chapters
486 Verified Questions
486 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Studying the Person
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In personality psychology, case studies are usually used to
A) Examine a single life in detail
B) Test the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable
C) Look at one variable in depth and across different situations
D) Focus on the behavior of a particular population or group
Answer: A
Q2) Compared to social psychology, personality psychology places more emphasis on
A) How people behave when they are alone
B) The problems that people face in modern life
C) The universal features of human nature
D) How different people behave differently in the same situation
Answer: D
Q3) The distinction in science between the context of discovery and the context of justification is essentially the distinction between
A) Generating hypotheses and testing hypotheses
B) Finding facts and proving theories
C) Testing theories and testing hypotheses
D) Building theories and generating facts
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Evolution and Human Nature
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Hogan's socioanalytic theory of personality, the best-adapted persons in a given society are those who
A) Are skilled in impression management and ritualized self-presentation
B) Find self-fulfillment through creative activities and commitments
C) Most aggressively assert themselves at the expense of others
D) Surrender their own well-being for the good of the social order
Answer: A
Q2) The "cognitive niche" has allowed humans to adapt to the EEA mainly through A) Strength and aggression
B) Intelligence and experience
C) Speed and efficiency
D) Facilitation and cooperation
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following images best captures Hogan's characterization of the person in society?
A) Storyteller
B) Game player
C) Adventurer
D) Warrior
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Social Learning and Culture
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In thinking about gender differences in terms of power and hegemony, the reason for women's developing interpersonal skills and adopting more communal orientations than men is because
A) Women feel more comfortable than men in groups
B) Developing interpersonal skills helps women exert what little power they do have in order to survive in patriarchal society
C) Women are genetically predisposed to having better interpersonal skills, enabling them to work more effectively in groups than men
D) Men are not as agentic as women, therefore women are better at communal tasks
Answer: B
Q2) All behaviorist approaches to psychology show a very high regard for all of the following except
A) Objectivity in observation
B) Hypothetical constructs
C) Experimental rigor
D) The role of learning in behavior
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Personality Traits: Fundamental Concepts and Issues
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Mischel's "if . . . then" approach to personality, conditional statements help to convey behavioral consistency in terms of
A) Consistency in behavioral variance
B) Conceptual differences between two or more traits
C) Cross-situational similarity in behavior
D) The biological underpinnings of behavior
Q2) Which of the following features is not part of the definition of a personality disorder?
A) Linked to medical conditions and/or substance abuse
B) Long-term patterns of behavior rather than short-term reactions
C) Behavior pattern markedly deviates from cultural norms
D) Tend to be less debilitating than psychoses such as schizophrenia
Q3) The method of choice in trait assessment is
A) Interviews
B) Self-report questionnaires
C) Projective tests
D) Behavioral observation
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6
Chapter 5: Five Basic Traits in the Brain and in Behavior
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40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Empirical research suggests that extraversion is positively associated with which of the following strategies for coping with stress?
A) Escapist fantasy
B) Positive thinking
C) Religious faith
D) Humor
Q2) According to recent views, extraversion can be described as a tendency to
A) Experience positive affect
B) Have impulse control
C) Exert power over other people
D) Show warmth and altruistic response to people in distress
Q3) Which of the following types of person is most likely to show high levels of arousal in response to increasing levels of stimulation?
A) Extraverts
B) Introverts
C) Ambiverts
D) Neurotics
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Chapter
Environments, and Time
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40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the longitudinal study of women graduating from Mills College in the late 1950s, increases in which of the following characteristics were observed from college years through midlife?
A) Self-criticism
B) Dependency
C) Sensitivity toward others
D) Self-control
Q2) Which of the following statements best captures the difference in meaning between "temperament" and "traits"?
A) Temperament is highly heritable whereas traits show low heritability
B) Childhood traits develop gradually into adult temperaments
C) Temperament refers to negative interaction patterns whereas traits usually are couched in positive, prosocial terms
D) Temperament refers to broad and stylistic features of behavior that are assumed to be part of native endowment whereas traits are more socially and cognitively elaborated
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8
Chapter 7: Motives and Goals: What Do We Want in Life
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Repression means to
A) Make something unconscious
B) Consciously hold back threatening information
C) Hurt another person or damage the environment
D) Defend against anxiety
Q2) Which of the following has not been associated with high intimacy motivation?
A) Smiling and eye contact
B) Spending time thinking about people
C) Larger friendship networks
D) Being rated by others as especially "sincere"
Q3) High achievement motivation has proven an asset in certain business contexts because it is correlated with
A) A stronger drive to compete
B) Entrepreneurship
C) Leadership
D) Positive mental attitude
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Chapter 8: Self and Other: Social-Cognitive Aspects of Personality
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the main goal of the "positive psychology movement"?
A) To promote the value of psychology to the public
B) To find positive cures for personality disorders and shortcomings
C) To understand the development of human virtues and character strengths
D) To transform psychology into an exact science, in keeping with the philosophy of logical positivism
Q2) Relational schemas are
A) Internalized models of important interpersonal relationships
B) Bipolar constructs regarding good vs. bad people in one's life
C) Rules about how to interact with others in social groups
D) Sex-role stereotypes that are primed in situations in which gender norms are ambiguous
Q3) Field independence is associated with all of the following except
A) Experiences of shame rather than guilt
B) Better cognitive restructuring
C) Hypothesis-testing approach to complex problems
D) Negative descriptions of other people
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Developmental Stages and Tasks
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40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to parents scoring low on generativity measures, those scoring high
A) Tend to employ authoritative methods of child rearing
B) Are more likely to send their children to private schools
C) Stress religion and political activism in raising their children
D) Engage in more smiling and eye contact with their infants
Q2) According to Kohut's developmental view, a healthy mirroring relationship provides the child with a sense of
A) Virtue
B) Generosity
C) Strength
D) Trust
Q3) Loevinger's stages of ego development are measured via
A) A self-report questionnaire
B) The Thematic Apperception Test
C) A sentence-completion test
D) Behavioral observation under standard conditions
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11
Chapter 10: Life Scripts, Life Stories
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40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to the paradigmatic mode of thought, the narrative mode
A) Aims to say no more than is meant
B) Emphasizes illogical and nonsensical statements
C) Explains the cause-and-effect relations of the physical world
D) Organizes human intentions
Q2) In an interpersonal conversation, when listeners are distracted, life-story tellers tend to
A) Talk longer and give more elaborate narrative accounts
B) Recall fewer details of the telling at a later point in time
C) Express fewer emotion words in the telling
D) Develop long-term feelings of animosity for the listener
Q3) Research by Woike suggests that individuals high in intimacy motivation tend to use
A) An integrative information processing style to understand interpersonal scenes
B) An analytical information processing style to understand interpersonal scenes
C) An integrative information processing style to understand instrumental scenes
D) An analytical information processing style to understand instrumental scenes
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Chapter 11: Interpreting Peoples Stories: From Freud to Today
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46 Verified Questions
46 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of all the theories reviewed in this chapter, Jung's analytical psychology seems to pay the least attention to the influence of the social world. Is this a problem? What are the strengths and the limitations of Jung's approach?
Q2) In the normal resolution of the Oedipus complex,
A) Identification follows object choice
B) Object choice follows identification
C) The superego takes over the ego's domain
D) The ego takes over the superego's domain
Q3) Adler's individual psychology emphasizes all of the following themes except
A) Unconscious determinants of behavior
B) Creating the self
C) Life as narrative
D) Social determinants of behavior
Q4) According to Abigail Stewart, feminist strategies for studying women's lives should incorporate all of the following procedures except
A) Examination of power relationships as they relate to gender
B) Assessing the investigator's own relationship to the material being studied
C) Paying careful attention of social position and context
D) Exploring the coherence and unity of the woman's self-concept
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Writing Stories of Lives: Biography and the Life Course
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40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) For the most part, midlife is defined by
A) Biological changes
B) Changes in self-esteem
C) Societal expectations
D) Political and religious institutions
Q2) Some psychobiographers will automatically trace adult tendencies to early childhood experiences, even when little evidence exists that childhood forces caused the outcome. This problem in psychobiography is an example of
A) Overpathologizing
B) Eventism
C) The fundamental attribution error
D) Critical period fallacy
Q3) In considering why Vincent Van Gogh may have cut off is own ear, Runyan concludes that alternative psychobiographical explanations
A) Can be evaluated according to consensual standards
B) Need to be consistent with each other
C) Are all equally true or false
D) Should be consistent with psychoanalytic theory
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