Introduction to Personality Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Introduction to Personality explores the major theories, research, and applications related to understanding individual differences in personality. This course examines the historical development of personality psychology, the biological and environmental factors that shape personality, and the core theoretical perspectives including psychoanalytic, trait, humanistic, cognitive, and social-cognitive approaches. Students will also learn about the assessment techniques used by psychologists to study personality and the relationship between personality and behavior, mental health, and everyday life. Through discussions, case studies, and scientific literature, students will gain a foundational understanding of how and why people differ from one another in their characteristic ways of thinking, feeling, and acting.
Recommended Textbook
Personality 9th Edition by Jerry M. Burger
Available Study Resources on Quizplus 17 Chapters
1024 Verified Questions
1024 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1226 Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Personality
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
54 Verified Questions
54 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24227
Sample Questions
Q1) To achieve a full understanding, personality researchers must examine psychological topics from more than one approach.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The approach to personality that explains aggressive behavior as unconscious impulses turned outward on other people is the
A) psychoanalytic approach.
B) trait approach.
C) behavioral/social learning approach.
D) cognitive approach.
Answer: A
Q3) Of the following approaches, which ignores inherited influences the most?
A) Cognitive
B) Biological
C) Trait
D) Psychoanalytic
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: Personality Research Methods
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
59 Verified Questions
59 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24228
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is correct about interpreting the results of statistical tests?
A) Obtaining a probability value of .05 tells us the difference between groups is definitely not caused by chance fluctuation.
B) If a probability value falls above .05, then the results will have to be replicated before we can have confidence in them.
C) Obtaining a probability value of .05 gives us confidence that the findings are not the result of chance, but does not eliminate this possibility.
D) A .05 probability value means there is a 5 percent chance the finding reflects a real difference.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following does a correlation coefficient not tell us?
A) If the difference between two means reflects a real difference or can be attributed to chance fluctuation.
B) The strength of a relationship between two measures.
C) The direction of a relationship between two measures.
D) How well a score on one measure can be predicted by a score on another. Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application,
and Assessment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24229
Sample Questions
Q1) Freud identified each of the stages of development according to A) the primary erogenous zone during that stage.
B) how much energy is fixated at the stage.
C) the extent to which the ego and superego are able to influence the child's behavior.
D) the extent to which id impulses are repressed by the ego.
Answer: A
Q2) The techniques the ego uses to deal with unwanted thoughts and desires are collectively known as defense mechanisms.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) According to Freud, the ego uses defense mechanisms in order to
A) reduce anxiety.
B) help the id get what it wants.
C) satisfy the superego's demands.
D) channel psychic energy into a socially productive action.
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 5
Chapter 4: The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24230
Sample Questions
Q1) One function of dreams that Freud maintained was they provide a safe and healthy outlet for expressing aggressive desires.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following conclusions has been supported by the results of REM sleep research?
A) Depriving someone of REM sleep leads to severe psychological disturbances.
B) Reduced REM sleep is associated with emotional disorders.
C) Greater than average amounts of REM sleep indicate psychological problems.
D) Without REM sleep it is impossible to perform stressful tasks.
Q3) How responsive you are to hypnotic suggestions
A) depends largely on how good the hypnotist is.
B) is fairly stable over time, like a personality trait.
C) changes with your amount of experience with hypnosis.
D) can be predicted from personality trait measures like intelligence and extraversion.
Q4) State three specific predictions of Freud's theory about hostile humor. Summarize the evidence for a preference for hostile humor, the reduction of aggression with hostile humor, and the relationship between tension reduction and funniness.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 6
Chapter 5: The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo Freudian
Theory, Application, and Assessment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
54 Verified Questions
54 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24231
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Horney, which of the three interpersonal styles is likely to lead to a successful relationship?
A) Moving toward people
B) Moving against people
C) Moving away from people
D) None is more likely to lead to a successful relationship
Q2) According to Jung, modern psychotherapists often take on the role once provided by
A) grandparents.
B) the clergy.
C) physicians.
D) faith healers.
Q3) According to Erikson, the principal function of the ego is to
A) keep unacceptable material out of awareness.
B) establish and maintain a sense of identity.
C) guide the development of personality through the stages of development.
D) balance the needs of the individual against the needs of society.
Q4) Adler's assessment of middle children was positive.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Neo Freudian Theories: Relevant Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
58 Verified Questions
58 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24232
Sample Questions
Q1) Participants in one experiment were either frustrated or not frustrated. They then were given what they thought was an opportunity to administer electric shocks to either the person who had frustrated them or a stranger. This experiment was designed to test which part of the frustration-aggression hypothesis?
A) Catharsis
B) Displacement
C) Sublimation
D) Reinforcement
Q2) Suppose you have a shy friend who gets anxious whenever there are popular people nearby. The anxiety is so bad that your friend cannot speak around others. Which form of anxiety is your friend most likely experiencing?
A) Reality anxiety
B) Neurotic anxiety
C) Moral anxiety
D) Superego anxiety
Q3) Describe three kinds of parent-child attachment relationships. Contrast with examples of each of the four categories of adult attachment styles. What are the implications for children in each of the three relationships when they are adults?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 7: The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
67 Verified Questions
67 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24233
Sample Questions
Q1) Raymond Cattell argued that in their efforts to understanding the basic structure of personality, psychologists should
A) begin with a theory about the basic structure of personality.
B) examine personality characteristics shared by everyone as well as those found in only a few people.
C) allow empirical data analyses to describe the basic structure of personality to us.
D) examine only one type of personality data.
Q2) A psychologist collects data from a large number of people. She places each person on a continuum ranging from high to low conscientiousness and makes predictions about how people in the high range will act compared to those in the low range. This psychologist is using which approach to understanding personality?
A) Type approach
B) Nomothetic approach
C) Idiographic approach
D) Common trait approach
Q3) The projective test that Murray developed the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 8: The Trait Approach: Relevant Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/128308
Sample Questions
Q1) According to an attribution analysis of achievement behavior, first-year student Arnold is most likely to improve his academic performance if he attributes poor freshman grades to A) his ability.
B) the difficulty of college classes.
C) his level of effort.
D) inadequate preparation for college.
Q2) You are the manager of a little league team. Research indicates that you will help your players the most if you get them to attribute their errors to A) their lack of ability.
B) not putting enough effort into practice.
C) the difficulty of the game.
D) bad luck.
Q3) What are the differences between introversion and shyness? List all of the characteristics you have learned about social anxiety and discuss the relationship of each one to Freud's original conception of anxiety. From the research presented in the text, contrast between evaluation apprehension as a cause of social anxiety and other possible causes.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 9: The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24235
Sample Questions
Q1) A man tends to have strong reactions to emotional events. He becomes overly excited and panics when facing even mild stress, and takes a long time to recover from these experiences. Eysenck might say this man is high on which personality dimension?
A) Extraversion
B) Neuroticism
C) Psychoticism
D) Emotionality
Q2) Using the electroencephalograph (EEG), researchers have found higher activation in the left hemisphere is associated with A) smiling.
B) negative mood.
C) greater reactions to films that elicit fear.
D) feelings of disgust.
Q3) According to Eysenck's original model, which of the following is true about extraverts?
A) They generally have a high level of cortical arousal.
B) They have learned through early experiences to enjoy social events.
C) They generally have a low level of cortical arousal.
D) They are low in neuroticism.
Page 11
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 10: The Biological Approach: Relevant Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
61 Verified Questions
61 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24236
Sample Questions
Q1) Research on genetic determinants of personality tell us that A) personality is fixed at birth.
B) most, but not all, of adult personality is determined by genetics.
C) a significant percentage of adult personality is determined by genetics, but experience also plays a large role.
D) except for a few traits, there is very little genetic influence on personality.
Q2) Which assumption is made by researchers using the twin-study method?
A) Dizygotic twins share an environment that is more similar than the environment shared by monozygotic twins.
B) Monozygotic twins share an environment that is more similar than the environment shared by dizygotic twins.
C) Dizygotic twins share an environment that is just as similar as the environment shared by monozygotic twins.
D) Monozygotic twins will be treated more alike than dizygotic twins.
Q3) Discuss what men look for in women and describe the research that supports the evolutionary basis of mate selection in men. Discuss what women look for in men and describe the research that supports the evolutionary basis of mate selection in women.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 12
Chapter 11: The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/128305
Sample Questions
Q1) When Csikszentmihalyi asked people to identify a moment when they felt most alive, participants in his study said that
A) they were engaged in a challenging task.
B) the task demanded the person's full concentration.
C) each step in the task seemed to flow automatically to the next.
D) all of the above
Q2) According to Rogers, there is a proper therapeutic relationship between therapist and client to achieve success. This relationship includes which of the following?
A) Repetitive peak experiences
B) Unconscious impulses being revealed
C) Unconditional positive regard
D) Humanistic transference
Q3) All of the following are among the eight components of the optimal experience except one. Which one?
A) One can concentrate only on the task at hand.
B) Satisfaction is received from a task.
C) The activity has clear goals.
D) Attention is absorbed by the activity.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 13
Chapter 12: The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/128310
Sample Questions
Q1) People in collectivist cultures are likely to feel good about themselves when they A) rise to positions of leadership.
B) stand out from the crowd with an individual accomplishment.
C) stand up for themselves.
D) obtain a sense of belonging within the culture.
Q2) Research has shown that the more people talk about a tragedy like the death of a spouse, the fewer health problems they have.
A)True
B)False
Q3) William tries out for the high school baseball team but fails to make it. If we know that he is high in self-esteem, what might we expect William's reaction to be?
A) He will attribute his failure to his lack of effort.
B) He will blame the coach for making a poor decision.
C) He will think about something he does well.
D) He will ignore the feedback and continue to think of himself as a gifted baseball player.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
14
Chapter 13: The Behavioralsocial Learning Approach:
Theory, Application, and Assessment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
68 Verified Questions
68 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/128313
Sample Questions
Q1) A behavioral therapist wants to teach a client to relax. The therapist wants to teach the client to pay attention to when his muscles are tense. However, the client complains that he cannot tell when his muscles are tense. What type of treatment will the therapist probably try?
A) Systematic desensitization
B) Aversion therapy
C) Shock therapy
D) Biofeedback
Q2) As a child, Mary always had an unpleasant time whenever she visited her cousins. In addition, most of the times she visited, her aunt would serve meatloaf for dinner. As an adult, Mary hates meatloaf. If her dislike of meatloaf were classically conditioned, the meatloaf would be the
A) unconditioned stimulus.
B) unconditioned response.
C) conditioned response.
D) conditioned stimulus.
Q3) Give your own example of shaping. State the circumstances under which shaping is particularly useful. Explain the meaning of behavior therapy and discuss the basic operant conditioning procedures typically used in it.
Page 15
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 14: The Behavioral Social Learning Approach:
Relevant Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
62 Verified Questions
62 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24240
Sample Questions
Q1) In the very first demonstrations of learned helplessness, dogs were subjected to food deprivation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Learned helplessness in the elderly often takes the form of
A) a lack of motivation and activity.
B) depression and suicide attempts.
C) extreme agitation.
D) none of the above
Q3) Researchers investigating the observational learning of gender-role behaviors find that boys imitate male models instead of female models
A) as soon as they develop an identity as a male.
B) after they noticed that a certain behavior is performed more by one gender than the other.
C) more often than girls imitate female models.
D) but that the opposite is not found for girls.
Q4) Define locus of control and distinguish between internals and externals. Discuss the relationship between locus of control and well-being and include evidence with regard to personal achievement and psychotherapy.
Page 16
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 15: The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24241
Sample Questions
Q1) Many different therapies fall within the broad cognitive approach, but each cognitive therapy identifies _________ as the cause of behavioral problems and disorders.
A) a loss of freedom
B) early childhood experiences with caregivers
C) inappropriate behaviors
D) inappropriate thoughts
Q2) Which of the following is true about the cognitive processes that produce behavior?
A) Behaviorists argued that the situation is processed in the "black box."
B) The processing that takes place between situation and response is of little importance.
C) Cognitive-affective units are equally accessible from memory.
D) Cognitive theorists acknowledge that the situation often initiates behavior.
Q3) Kelly suggested that the better we understand another person's construct system, the better
A) chance we will have of forming a romantic relationship.
B) we will enjoy one another.
C) chance we will have for psychological health.
D) we will get along.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 16: The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
39 Verified Questions
39 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/128304
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true about aggressive scripts?
A) They represent ways to act that have been learned.
B) We learn them by watching aggressive models.
C) When they have been practiced, they are more likely to be shown.
D) all of the above
Q2) In a study of boys in aggression-provoking situations, such as another student breaking the boy's radio while he is out of town, researchers found that boys with a history of reactive aggression
A) were more likely to interpret the act as intentional.
B) were more likely to interpret the act as hostile.
C) tended to act more aggressively in response to the act.
D) all of the above
Q3) All of the following statements about emotional memories are true except one. Which one is false?
A) Women attend to emotional information more than men.
B) Recalling one sad experience is more likely to trigger another sad memory for women than for men.
C) Both happy and sad memories are more accessible for women than men.
D) The connections between emotional memories are stronger for men than women.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 18
Chapter 17: General Questions
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24243
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these personality theorists used the least scientifically-rigorous methods to collect data in support of his theory?
A) Eysenck
B) Maslow
C) Skinner
D) Bandura
Q2) A psychologist is working on a book about student reactions to success and failure on exams. If he does a good job of researching the topic, he will find each of the following personality variables except one is useful in predicting the students' behavior. Which one?
A) Extraversion-introversion
B) Self-esteem
C) Locus of control
D) Explanatory style
Q3) The personality theory developed by ___ later led to empirical research on ___ .
A) Eysenck; Type A
B) Kelly; attributions
C) Murray; need for Achievement
D) Adler; hypnosis
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 19