Introduction to Pathology for PTA Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Pathology for PTA provides students with foundational knowledge of disease processes, their causes, and physiological effects relevant to the field of physical therapist assisting. The course covers basic pathological terminology, mechanisms of injury and healing, and common medical conditions affecting the musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. Emphasis is placed on understanding how pathology can influence rehabilitation outcomes, treatment planning, and safe patient care. Students will learn to recognize the implications of various diseases and disorders, apply knowledge of precautions and contraindications during therapy, and communicate effectively within the healthcare team.
Recommended Textbook
Pathology for the Physical Therapist Assistant 1st Edition by Penelope J. Lescher
Available Study Resources on Quizplus 14 Chapters
280 Verified Questions
280 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Inflammation and Healing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Acute on chronic inflammation occurs when an injury never fully heals and the area is reinjured.This type of inflammation is often observed in the physical therapy clinic.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which type of cell/tissue necrosis (death)is typical of an infarct in the brain?
A) Caseous necrosis
B) Coagulative necrosis
C) Fat necrosis
D) Liquefactive necrosis
Answer: D
Q3) The "C" in the acronym RICE stands for:
A) Chronic
B) Clean
C) Compression
D) Cool
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Immunopathology, neoplasia, and
Chromosome Abnormalities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following most accurately describes myelomeningocele?
A) A defect in the development of the neural arch of the spine that is not visible to the eye
B) A defect in the development of the neural arch of the spine in which the meninges protrude through the opening in the vertebra,but the spinal cord remains intact
C) A defect in the development of the neural arch of the spine in which the meninges and the spinal cord protrude through the opening in the vertebra
D) None of the above
Answer: C
Q2) Benign and malignant tumors differ from each other in several ways.Which of the following statements is NOT typical of a malignant tumor?
A) They are usually fast-growing.
B) They have high vascularity.
C) They have a high rate of recurrence.
D) They are similar in appearance to cells of the host tissue.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Cardiovascular Pathologies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following patients is MOST at risk for atherosclerosis and heart disease?
A) A 60-year-old female with no history of diabetes who does not smoke,has a low cholesterol level,weighs 120 pounds,and has no family history of heart disease
B) A 60-year-old male with no history of diabetes who does not smoke,has a low cholesterol level,weighs 170 pounds,and has no family history of heart disease
C) A 60-year-old female with a history of diabetes for 10 years,who does not smoke,has a low cholesterol level,weighs 120 pounds and has a family history of heart disease
D) A 60-year-old male with a history of diabetes for 10 years,who smokes 20 cigarettes a day,has a high cholesterol level,weighs 270 pounds,and has a family history of heart disease
Answer: D
Q2) Hodgkin's disease is a nonmalignant disease of the white blood cells.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Respiratory Diseases
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Sample Questions
Q1) Breath sounds are detected using auscultation techniques with a stethoscope.Some of the abnormal or adventitious sounds include wheezing,rhonchi,crepitations,and crackles (rales).
A)True
B)False
Q2) Chronic bronchitis is defined as:
A) a productive cough present for 1 week within 1 year.
B) a productive cough present for 1 month for 2 years in a row.
C) a productive cough present for 3 months of the year within 1 year.
D) a productive cough present for 3 months of the year for 2 or more consecutive years.
Q3) Exhalation is an active mechanism involving the relaxation of the muscles of inhalation,such as the diaphragm and the intercostals,and the return of the ribs to their resting position.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Degenerative Joint Diseases and Bone Pathologies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tuberculosis (TB)is usually thought of as a disease affecting the lungs.However,people with severe TB can experience joint problems similar to those who have arthritis.Which of the following statements concerning TB is FALSE?
A) The bony areas most affected by TB are the spine and the long bones,particularly at the knee and hip.
B) Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is spread to the bones via the vascular system or from adjacent lymph nodes.
C) People with TB of the bone may require surgery for the joints.
D) Pott's disease is another name for TB that affects the internal organs other than the lungs.
Q2) A disease resulting in inflammation of the bone caused by an infection is:
A) tuberculosis.
B) osteoarthritis.
C) osteomyelitis.
D) osteomalacia.
Q3) Osteomas,osteoid osteomas,and osteoblastomas are all examples of malignant bone tumors.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Rheumatoid Arthritis and Related Conditions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following signs and symptoms is indicative of psoriatic arthritis?
A) Bamboo spine
B) Tophi
C) Pencil-in-cup deformity of the fingers
D) Heberden's nodes
Q2) A disease characterized by polyarthritis,urethritis,conjunctivitis,fever and weight loss,sacroiliitis,and skin lesions on the feet,hands,and genitals is:
A) osteoarthritis/osteoarthrosis.
B) Reiter's syndrome.
C) rheumatoid arthritis.
D) Still's disease.
Q3) Which signs and symptoms are typical of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
A) Pannus formation in the joints,and boutonnière's and swan-neck deformities
B) Heberden's nodes,Bouchard's nodes,and subchondral cysts
C) Bamboo spine,tophi,and uric acid crystals in the joints
D) Referred pain into the arm along a dermatome distribution as a result of a nerve root lesion
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Chapter 7: Neurological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order to activate a stimulus along a neuron and thus create an action potential,which of the following statements is CORRECT?
A) Each type of neuron has the same threshold level.
B) The initiation of the action potential is all-or-none.
C) The myelin sheath slows down the rate of transmission of the action potential.
D) The action potential loses intensity as it passes each Node of Ranvier.
Q2) Which of the following describe the motor abilities of an infant/child between 9 and 12 months of age?
A) Walks alone with wide base of support,crawls upstairs,and squats when playing
B) Changes direction when running,walks backward,and attempts to kick a ball
C) Stands supported,cruises in standing while holding onto furniture,and walks with hand held or alone
D) Rolls supine to prone,sits without support,and takes weight through feet and steps if held upright
Q3) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a rare degenerative neurological disorder that can be treated with antimicrobial medications.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Burns and Skin Conditions
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are protective functions of the skin EXCEPT:
A) control of body temperature.
B) defense against bacteria.
C) production of vitamin D.
D) protection from infrared light.
Q2) Venous stasis ulcers can be described with which associated characteristic?
A) Deep
B) Pain at rest
C) Pain relief with elevation
D) Pallor with elevation
Q3) The percentages in the Rule of Nines for an adult and an infant/small child are the same.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In an electrical burn,only muscle and bone are most likely to be damaged.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Autolytic débridement uses a nonocclusive dressing.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Endocrine, metabolic, and Nutritional Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) In type 2 diabetes mellitus,insulin is not produced in sufficient amounts or is not used by the body effectively.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Hypothyroidism
A)Perform gentle exercise and mobility
B)Improve endurance and strengthen muscle
C)Manage arthritic symptoms and perform muscle strengthening exercises
D)Treat muscle and soft tissues deficits that may arise
E)Treat the physical deficits caused by the disease process
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a visual sign of Cushing's disease?
A) Acne
B) Bruises (that occur easily)
C) Buffalo hump
D) Weight loss
Q4) For people with obesity,a slower rate of walking for a longer time is recommended when starting an exercise program.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Infectious Diseases
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by an RNA virus?
A) Hantavirus
B) Pertussis
C) Rubeola
D) West Nile virus
Q2) Upon finding out your patient has HIV/AIDS,you are allowed to inform all the therapists in your department.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Hantavirus
A)Contact with infected rodents or rodent urine or feces
B)Mosquito bite
C)Respiratory droplets via coughing or sneezing
D)Sexual contact
E)Tick bite
Q4) The hepatitis A virus can be viable for months outside of the body.
A)True
B)False
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Female and Male Reproductive System
Conditions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bone loss has been linked to this during menopause:
A) Increase in estrogen
B) Increase in progesterone
C) Reduction in estrogen
D) Reduction in progesterone
Q2) Estimating the date of delivery is calculated using Nägele's rule.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following describes why the mobilization of joints on a pregnant woman is NOT recommended?
A) Frequency of micturition
B) Increase in blood volume
C) Lactation
D) Relaxing of the ligaments
Q4) Moist hot packs are recommended for pregnant women experiencing low back pain.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The two types of testicular cancer are seminomas and nonseminomas.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Diseases of the Digestive and Urinary Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Amylase
A)Liver
B)Pancreas
C)Salivary glands
D)Small intestine
E)Stomach
Q2) Cholelithiasis is the medical term for:
A) common bile duct stones.
B) gallstones.
C) kidney stones.
D) urinary stones.
Q3) Physical therapy intervention for rectal prolapse may include electrical stimulation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Arthritis is associated with inflammatory bowel disease.
A)True
B)False
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14
Chapter 13: Intensive Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) Patients are allowed to refuse treatment in the ICU.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Glasgow Coma scale measures the level of consciousness of a patient.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In adults,what is the normal range for intracranial pressure in mm Hg?
A) 0 to 5
B) 0 to 10
C) 5 to 10
D) 5 to 15
Q4) When treating patients in the ICU,which of the following is NOT considered a general precaution or recommendation?
A) ICU patients need to be treated differently than the patients on other floors.
B) Make sure the brakes on the bed are locked.
C) Observe the surroundings including medical equipment,furniture,and any lines attached to the patient.
D) The patient,room,and equipment should be returned to the positions they were initially found.
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Chapter 14: The Geriatric Patient
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a contributing reason to malnutrition in the elderly?
A) Inability to cook and prepare food
B) Ingestion of a multivitamin
C) Severe depression
D) Swallowing disorders
Q2) The Geriatric Patient
A)Rare,benign tumor of the eighth cranial nerve located in the internal auditory canal
B)Abnormal growth of bone in the middle ear resulting in deafness
C)Blockage of the endolymphatic duct of the ear and a subsequent buildup of fluid in the inner ear
D)Dizziness and/or vertigo with a change in head position
E)Inflammation of the inner ear that may be either in both ears or one ear
Q3) An Amsler grid is used to detect which of the following pathological diseases of the eye?
A) Age-related macular degeneration
B) Cataracts
C) Glaucoma
D) Retinal detachment
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