Introduction to Pathology for Physical Therapist Assistants
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides an overview of the fundamental principles of pathology as they relate to physical therapist assistants. Students will explore the etiology, clinical presentation, and progression of common diseases and disorders affecting the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, and integumentary systems. Emphasis is placed on understanding how pathological conditions influence the body's function and movement, as well as the implications for physical therapy interventions. The course also covers medical terminology, basic concepts of tissue healing, and strategies for effective communication with healthcare team members regarding pathological conditions. Upon completion, students will have a foundational understanding of how various pathologies impact client care in physical therapy settings.
Recommended Textbook
Pathology for the Physical Therapist Assistant 1st Edition by Penelope J. Lescher
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14 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Inflammation and Healing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cells can change in response to injury or stimuli.Which of the following typifies an increase in size of the individual cells?
A) Atrophy
B) Hypertrophy
C) Hyperplasia
D) Metaplasia
Answer: B
Q2) Pain is the body's natural way of warning about a potential problem.Referred pain is:
A) the type of pain experienced with a bruise caused by being hit with a baseball bat.
B) the type of pain experienced over the area of a small burn sustained from an oven when cooking.
C) the type of pain felt within the area of skin supplied by the same nerve root as that supplying the injured area.
D) the type of pain experienced when pricking the finger when sewing.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Immunopathology, neoplasia, and
Chromosome
Abnormalities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adriamycin,bleomycin,vincristine,dacarbazine,and bevacizumab are all types of chemotherapy medications for treating malignancy.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) An antigen is a stimulus,such as an irritant or chemical,that elicits an immune response.Which of the following is applicable to the body's response to antigens?
A) Antibodies form specific to one antigen.
B) Antibodies are not specific to any one antigen.
C) Antibodies are fatty acids.
D) Antibodies do not help the body defend itself.
Answer: A
Q3) T lymphocytes are found in the respiratory tract of people with asthma.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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4
Chapter 3: Cardiovascular Pathologies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following describes "ascites"?
A) Pulmonary edema
B) Peripheral edema
C) Abdominal edema
D) Dependent edema
Answer: C
Q2) The sequence of transmission of nervous impulses in the heart is:
A) AV node \(\to\)SA node \(\to\)Bundle of His \(\to\)Purkinje network
B) SA node \(\to\)Bundle of His \(\to\) AV node \(\to\) Purkinje network
C) SA node \(\to\)AV node \(\to\) Bundle of His \(\to\) Purkinje network
D) SA node \(\to\) AV node \(\to\) Purkinje network \(\to\) Bundle of His
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following statements regarding the LEFT atrium of the heart is true?
A) It receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior venae cavae.
B) It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary arteries.
C) It receives deoxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary arteries.
D) It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Respiratory Diseases
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Sample Questions
Q1) Breath sounds are detected using auscultation techniques with a stethoscope.Some of the abnormal or adventitious sounds include wheezing,rhonchi,crepitations,and crackles (rales).
A)True
B)False
Q2) Mycobacterium tuberculosis,which causes tuberculosis,is transmitted through casual contact and is easily passed from one person to another in generally healthy people.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In normal lungs,the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)is usually what percentage of the vital capacity (VC)?
A) 50%
B) 60%
C) 70%
D) 80%
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Chapter 5: Degenerative Joint Diseases and Bone Pathologies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Osteoporosis is a silent disease in the early stages and is the cause of fracture in approximately 1.5 million people per year.When working with a person who has osteoporosis,which of the following actions is NOT appropriate?
A) Recommending the person stop smoking because smoking increases the risk of osteoporosis
B) Explaining that only women and men older than the age of 70 experience fractures from osteoporosis
C) Stressing that spinal flexion exercises are contraindicated for people with osteoporosis
D) Emphasizing that lumbar traction and spinal mobilizations are contraindicated for people with osteoporosis
Q2) Which of the following signs and symptoms is NOT indicative of osteoarthrosis (OA)?
A) Cartilage fibrillation
B) Eburnation of bone ends
C) Osteophytes
D) Swan-neck deformity of the fingers
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Chapter 6: Rheumatoid Arthritis and Related Conditions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A disease characterized by a combination of signs and symptoms,including a malar rash on the face (butterfly rash),a discoid rash on the body,fatigue,weight loss or weight gain,Raynaud's phenomenon,arthritis symptoms of several joints,internal organ involvement,gastrointestinal symptoms,and anemia is:
A) Reiter's syndrome
B) scleroderma.
C) systemic lupus erythematosus.
D) Still's disease.
Q2) Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)also affects children.Which statement regarding juvenile forms of RA is NOT true?
A) The etiology of juvenile arthritis and Still's disease is unknown.
B) The onset of juvenile forms of RA is usually more acute in nature than the adult type.
C) Juvenile RA is usually seronegative for rheumatoid factor in the blood.
D) Juvenile RA only affects one joint,usually the hip,and does not affect the internal organs.
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8
Chapter 7: Neurological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) In response to a fall,the arms extend at the elbows and the fingers extend and abduct to protect the head.This reaction develops between 6 and 12 months of age.Which reflex/reaction does this scenario describe?
A) Landau reflex
B) Moro reflex
C) Neck-righting reflex
D) Parachute reaction
Q2) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a rare degenerative neurological disorder that can be treated with antimicrobial medications.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Guillain-Barré syndrome is an autoimmune disease triggered by previous infection or trauma,which results in muscle weakness that can affect the whole body.
A)True
B)False
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9
Chapter 8: Burns and Skin Conditions
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is possible for some people to develop pressure ulcers in less than 2 hours.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Pressure garments are used in the healing process to reduce the occurrence of:
A) nevi.
B) pustules.
C) scarring.
D) ulcers.
Q3) Herpes zoster
A)Area affected may appear as a nonhealing ulcer with an asymmetrical shape
B)Area of concern can be red,purple,or brown and is found mainly on the face and lower legs
C)Blister-like vesicles occurring along a dermatome
D)Lesions that are 6 mm in diameter and have mixed flat and raised areas
E)Occurs on areas regularly exposed to ultraviolet light
Q4) Venous stasis ulcers can be described with which associated characteristic?
A) Deep
B) Pain at rest
C) Pain relief with elevation
D) Pallor with elevation
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Chapter 9: Endocrine, metabolic, and Nutritional Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Physical therapy can be indicated for this disease if left undetected in children and mental retardation occurs:
A) diabetes mellitus.
B) phenylketonuria.
C) vitamin A deficiency.
D) Wilson's disease.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT appropriate physical therapy advice for a patient with diabetes mellitus?
A) Check the feet two to three times per week.
B) Exercise in a temperature-controlled setting.
C) Exercise routinely.
D) Wear shoes with a large toe box.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a visual sign of Cushing's disease?
A) Acne
B) Bruises (that occur easily)
C) Buffalo hump
D) Weight loss
Q4) Bulging eyes is one sign of Grave's disease.
A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Infectious Diseases
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Sample Questions
Q1) Toxic shock syndrome has been linked to the use of tampons in women.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Human papillomavirus
A)Contact with infected rodents or rodent urine or feces
B)Mosquito bite
C)Respiratory droplets via coughing or sneezing
D)Sexual contact
E)Tick bite
Q3) The treatment of this disease does NOT recommend chest physical therapy:
A) Influenza
B) Legionnaires' disease
C) Pertussis
D) Rubeola
Q4) Which of the following diseases involves a vector?
A) AIDS
B) Hepatitis A
C) Syphilis
D) Typhus
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Chapter 11: Female and Male Reproductive System
Conditions
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are signs and symptoms of benign prostate hyperplasia EXCEPT:
A) constipation.
B) nocturia.
C) urinary tract infection.
D) urine retention in the bladder.
Q2) Moist hot packs are recommended for pregnant women experiencing low back pain.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How many beats per minute does the maternal heart beat increase during pregnancy?
A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20
Q4) This hormone stimulates the ovary to produce estrogen or progesterone:
A) Follicle-stimulating hormone
B) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
C) Oxytocin
D) Prolactin
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Chapter 12: Diseases of the Digestive and Urinary Systems
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Q1) Maltase
A)Liver
B)Pancreas
C)Salivary glands
D)Small intestine
E)Stomach
Q2) Arthritis is associated with inflammatory bowel disease.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An ulcer is also known as erosive gastritis.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Lipase
A)Liver
B)Pancreas
C)Salivary glands
D)Small intestine
E)Stomach
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Intensive Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are precautions and considerations when treating a patient with a traumatic brain injury EXCEPT:
A) check vital signs and intracranial pressure before starting treatment.
B) check with the nurse before starting treatment.
C) keep treatment times short.
D) wear brightly colored clothing to help stimulate the patient.
Q2) Hemoglobin
A)70 to 110 mg/100 mL
B)75 to 100 mm Hg
C)150,000 to 300,000/mm<sup>3</sup>
D)Females: 12 to 16 g/100 mL; Males: 13 to 18 g/100 mL
E)Females: 37% to 48%; Males: 45% to 52%
Q3) Which of the following lines will not harm the patient directly if it becomes kinked or pulled?
A) Arterial line
B) Catheter
C) Intravenous line
D) Pulse oximeter
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15
Chapter 14: The Geriatric Patient
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Sample Questions
Q1) The use of an alarm system to prevent a patient from falling or wandering is considered a restraint alternative.
A)True
B)False
Q2) To reduce the chance of falling at night when going to the bathroom,it is recommended that an elderly person quickly get out of bed and walk briskly to the bathroom.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A person with Parkinson's disease will exhibit:
A) an ability to perform daily living activities unimpeded.
B) an expressive face.
C) normal gait.
D) pill rolling.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a physiological effect of aging?
A) Decreased cardiac output
B) Feelings of isolation
C) Reduction in lung elasticity
D) Thickening of arteries and capillaries
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